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A STUDY OF MENTAL LIFE
THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF THE SCIENCE, ITS PROBLEMS AND ITS METHODS
Varieties of Psychology Differential psychology.
Psychology as Related to Other Sciences
The Science of Consciousness
The Science of Behavior
Introspection
Objective Observation
General Laws of Psychological Investigation.
Summary and Attempt at a Definition
EXERCISES
REFERENCES
REFLEXES AND OTHER ELEMENTARY FORMS OF REACTION, AND HOW THE NERVES OPERATE IN CARRYING THEM OUT
The Reaction Time Experiment
Reflex Action
The Nerves in Reflex Action
Internal Construction of the Nerves and Nerve Centers
The Synapse
COORDINATION
Reactions in General
EXERCISES (2)
REFERENCES (2)
HOW SENSATIONS, PERCEPTIONS AND THOUGHTS MAY BE CONSIDERED AS
Different Sorts of Stimuli
The Motor Centers, Lower and Higher
How The Brain Produces Muscular Movements
Facilitation and Inhibition
Super-motor Centers in the Cortex
Speech Centers
The Auditory Centers
The Visual Centers
Cortical Centers for the Other Senses
Lower Sensory Centers
The Cerebellum
Different Levels of Reaction
EXERCISES (3)
REFERENCES (3)
HOW MOTIVES INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR, AND HOW THEY FIT INTO A
Purposive Behavior
Organic States that Influence Behavior
Preparation for Action
Preparatory Reactions
What the Preparatory Reactions Accomplish
What a Tendency Is, in Terms of Nerve Action
Motives
EXERCISES (4)
REFERENCES (4)
SOME RESPONSES ARE PROVIDED BY NATURE, WHILE OTHERS HAVE TO BE LEARNED BY EXPERIENCE
The Source of Native Traits
Reactions Appearing at Birth Must Be Native
Reactions That Cannot Be Learned Must Be Native
Experimental Detection of Native Reactions
Is Walking Native or Acquired?
Universality as a Criterion of Native Reactions
Some Native Traits Are Far from Being Universal
Why Acquired Traits Differ from One Individual to Another
What Mental Traits Are Native?
EXERCISES (5)
REFERENCES (5)
CONDUCT AS DETERMINED BY NATIVE REACTION-TENDENCIES
The Difference Between an Instinct and a Reflex
An Instinct Is a Native Reaction-Tendency
Fully and Partially Organized Instincts
Instincts Are Not Ancestral Habits
Instincts Not Necessarily Useful in the Struggle for Existence
The So-called Instincts of Self-preservation and of Reproduction
EXERCISES (6)
REFERENCES (6)
VARIOUS ORGANIC STATES, AND THE CONSCIOUS STATES THAT GO WITH THEM
Organic States That Are Not Usually Classed as Emotions
How These Organic States Differ from Regular Emotions
The Organic State in Anger
Glandular Responses During Emotion
The Nerves Concerned in Internal Emotional Response
The Emotional State as a Preparatory Reaction
"Expressive Movements," Another Sort of Preparatory Reactions
Do Sensations of These Various Preparatory Reactions Constitute the Conscious State of Emotion?
The James-Lange Theory of the Emotions
Emotion and Impulse
Emotion Sometimes Generates Impulse
Emotion and Instinct
The Higher Emotions
EXERCISES (7)
REFERENCES (7)
A LIST OF THE NATIVE STOCK OF TENDENCIES AND OF THE EMOTIONS THAT SOMETIMES GO WITH THEM.
Classification
Responses to Organic Needs
Instinctive Responses to Other Persons
The Play Instincts
EXERCISES (8)
REFERENCES (8)
PLEASANTNESS AND UNPLEASANTNESS, AND OTHER STATES OF FEELINGS AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON BEHAVIOR
Pleasantness and Unpleasantness Are Simple Feelings
Feeling-Tone of Sensations
Theories of Feelings
Sources of Pleasantness and Unpleasantness
Primary Likes and Dislikes
Other Proposed Elementary Feelings
EXERCISES (9)
REFERENCES (9)
AN INVENTORY OF THE ELEMENTARY SENSATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT SENSES
The Sense Organs
Analysis of Sensations
The Skin Senses
The Sense of Taste
The Sense of Smell
Organic Sensation
The Sense of Sight
Simpler Forms of the Color Sense
Visual Sensations as Related to the Stimulus
Color Mixing
What Are the Elementary Visual Sensations?
Theories of Color Vision
Adaptation
Rod and Cone Vision
After-Images
Contrast
The Sense of Hearing
Comparison of Sight and Hearing
Theory of Hearing
Senses of Bodily Movement
EXERCISES (10)
REFERENCES (10)
HOW WE ATTEND, TO WHAT, AND WITH WHAT RESULTS
The Stimulus, or What Attracts Attention
The Motor Reaction in Attention
The Shifting of Attention
Laws of Attention and Laws of Reaction in General
Sustained Attention
Distraction
Doing Two Things at Once
The Span of Attention
Summary of the Laws of Attention
Attention and Degree of Consciousness
The Management of Attention
Theory of Attention
EXERCISES (11)
REFERENCES (11)
HOW INTELLIGENCE IS MEASURED, WHAT IT CONSISTS IN AND EVIDENCE OF ITS BEING LARGELY A MATTER OF HEREDITY
Intelligence Tests
Performance Tests
Group Testing
Some Results of the Intelligence Tests
Limitations of the Intelligence Tests
The Correlation of Abilities
General Factors in Intelligence
Special Aptitudes
Heredity of Intelligence and of Special Aptitudes
Intelligence and the Brain
EXERCISES (12)
REFERENCES (12)
THE DEPENDENCE OF ACQUIRED REACTIONS UPON INSTINCT AND REFLEX
Acquired Reactions Are Modified Native Reactions
Acquired Tendencies
Animal Learning
Summary of Animal Learning
Human Learning
Human Compared With Animal Learning
Learning by Observation
The Learning of Complex Practical Performances
Higher Units and Overlapping
Moderate Skill Acquired in the Ordinary Day's Work
Habit
EXERCISES (13)
REFERENCES (13)
HOW WE MEMORIZE AND REMEMBER, AND IN WHAT RESPECTS MEMORY CAN BE MANAGED AND IMPROVED
The Process of Memorizing
Economy in Memorizing
Unintentional Learning
Retention
Recall
Recognition
Memory Training
EXERCISES (14)
REFERENCES (14)
SOMETHING ABOUT THINKING AS RELATED TO MEMORY
What Can Be Recalled
Memory Images
Limitations of Imagery
The Question of Non-Sensory Recall
Hallucinations
Free Association
Controlled Association
Examples of Controlled Association
EXERCISES (15)
REFERENCES (15)
AN ATTEMPT TO REDUCE THE LEARNING PROCESS TO ITS ELEMENTS
The Law of Exercise
The Law of Effect
Limitations of the Law of Exercise
Association by Similarity
Association by Contiguity
The Law of Combination
I. SUBSTITUTE STIMULUS EXPLAINED BY THE LAW OF COMBINATION
II. SUBSTITUTE RESPONSE EXPLAINED BY THE LAW OF COMBINATION
The Law of Combination in Recall
The Laws of Learning in Terms of the Neurone
EXERCISES (16)
REFERENCES (16)
MENTAL LIFE CONSISTS LARGELY IN THE DISCOVERY OF FACTS NEW TO
Some Definitions
The Difference Between Perception and Sensation
Perception and Image
Perception and Motor Reaction
What Sort of Response, Then, Is Perception?
Practised Perception
Corrected Perception
Sensory Data Serving as Signs of Various Sorts of Fact
The Perception of Space
Esthetic Perception
Social Perception
Errors of Perception
Illusions
The Muller-Lyer Illusion
EXERCISES (17)
REFERENCES (17)
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