PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
POSTSCRIPT.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. ON THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ROCKS.
CHAPTER II. AQUEOUS ROCKS THEIR COMPOSITION AND FORMS OF STRATIFICATION.
CHAPTER III. ARRANGEMENT OF FOSSILS IN STRATA FRESHWATER AND MARINE.
CHAPTER IV. CONSOLIDATION OF STRATA AND PETRIFACTION OF FOSSILS.
CHAPTER V. ELEVATION OF STRATA ABOVE THE SEA HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED STRATIFICATION.
CHAPTER VI . DENUDATION.
CHAPTER VII. ALLUVIUM.
CHAPTER VIII. CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS.
CHAPTER IX. ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE AQUEOUS ROCKS.
CHAPTER X. CLASSIFICATION OF TERTIARY FORMATIONS. POST-PLIOCENE GROUP.
CHAPTER XI. NEWER PLIOCENE PERIOD. BOULDER FORMATION.
CHAPTER XII. BOULDER FORMATION continued .
CHAPTER XIII. NEWER PLIOCENE STRATA AND CAVERN DEPOSITS.
CHAPTER XIV. OLDER PLIOCENE AND MIOCENE FORMATIONS.
CHAPTER XV. UPPER EOCENE FORMATIONS.
CHAPTER XVI. EOCENE FORMATIONS continued .
CHAPTER XVII. CRETACEOUS GROUP.
CHAPTER XVIII. WEALDEN GROUP.
CHAPTER XIX. DENUDATION OF THE CHALK AND WEALDEN.
CHAPTER XX. OOLITE AND LIAS.
CHAPTER XXI . OOLITE AND LIAS continued .
CHAPTER XXII. TRIAS OR NEW RED SANDSTONE GROUP.
CHAPTER XXIII. PERMIAN OR MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE GROUP.
CHAPTER XXIV. THE COAL, OR CARBONIFEROUS GROUP.
CHAPTER XXV. CARBONIFEROUS GROUP continued .
CHAPTER XXVI. OLD RED SANDSTONE, OR DEVONIAN GROUP.
CHAPTER XXVII. SILURIAN GROUP.
CHAPTER XXVIII. VOLCANIC ROCKS.
CHAPTER XXIX. VOLCANIC ROCKS continued .
CHAPTER XXX. ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS.
CHAPTER XXXI. ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS continued .
CHAPTER XXXII. ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS continued .
CHAPTER XXXIII. PLUTONIC ROCKS GRANITE.
CHAPTER XXXIV. ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE PLUTONIC ROCKS.
CHAPTER XXXV . METAMORPHIC ROCKS.
CHAPTER XXXVI . METAMORPHIC ROCKS continued .
CHAPTER XXXVII. ON THE DIFFERENT AGES OF THE METAMORPHIC ROCKS.
CHAPTER XXXVIII. MINERAL VEINS.
INDEX. A. AEgean Sea, mud of, 35 animal life in depths of, 137
From a Painting by James Hall, Esq. Engraved by S. Williams.
STRATA OF RED SANDSTONE, SLIGHTLY INCLINED, RESTING ON VERTICAL SCHIST, AT THE SICCAR POINT, BERWICKSHIRE.
To illustrate unconformable Stratification. See page 60.
"The mind seemed to grow giddy by looking so far into the abyss of time; and while we listened with earnestness and admiration to the philosopher who was now unfolding to us the order and series of these wonderful events, we became sensible how much farther reason may sometimes go than imagination can venture to follow."—Playfair, Biography of Hutton.
A MANUAL
OF
ELEMENTARY GEOLOGY:
OR,
THE ANCIENT CHANGES OF THE EARTH AND
ITS INHABITANTS
AS ILLUSTRATED BY GEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS.
by Sir CHARLES LYELL, M.A. F.R.S.
AUTHOR OF "PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY," "TRAVELS IN NORTH AMERICA,"
"A SECOND VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES,"
ETC. ETC.
"It is a philosophy which never rests—its law is progress: a point which yesterday was invisible is its goal to-day, and will be its starting post to-morrow."
Edinburgh Review, No. 132. p. 83. July, 1837.
FOURTH AND ENTIRELY REVISED EDITION.
ILLUSTRATED WITH 500 WOODCUTS.
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
1852.
London:
Spottiswoodes and Shaw,
New-street-Square.
