  Jan. 1 (Sat.) The Russians gain successes on the Styr and the Strypa. The Cameroons:—The British capture Jaunde (the capital of the German colony). Jan. 2 (Sun.) The Russians approach Czernowitz. The British passenger steamer Glengyle is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean. Jan. 4 (Tues.) Lord Derby's report on the recruiting campaign in Great Britain is issued. Mesopotamia:—The Kut relieving force advances from Ali-el-Gharb. Jan. 5 (Wed.) The Military Service Bill that inaugurates conscription is introduced in the British House of Commons. The Russians advance in the Bukovina. Jan. 6 (Thur.) Recruiting for the 'Derby' groups reopens in Great Britain. Mesopotamia:—The British relieving force defeats the Turks before Kut, but its further progress is checked by floods. H.M.S. King Edward VII. (battleship) is sunk by a mine off the north coast of Scotland. Jan. 8 (Sat.) The evacuation of Gallipoli is completed (see Dec. 8, 1915). The Russians capture Chartorysk (50 miles east of Kovel). Jan. 10 (Mon.) Montenegro:—The Austrians capture Mount Lovtchen. Jan. 11 (Tues.) A French force lands at Corfu to prepare for the transfer thither of Serbian troops from Albania. The Caucasus:—The Russians advance on Erzerum. Jan. 13 (Thur.) Cettinje, the capital of Montenegro, is occupied by the Austrians. Mesopotamia:—The Turks are again defeated before Kut. Jan. 14 (Fri.) An Austrian cruiser is sunk off Cattaro by a French submarine. Jan. 15 (Sat.) The first Serbian troops land at Corfu. The steamship Ariadne is sunk by the MÖwe. Jan. 16 (Sun.) A Russian success near Pinsk. General Sarrail assumes command of the Allied forces at Salonika. A battle begins in the Caucasus (near Erzerum) between the Russians and the Turks. The liner Appam is captured by the MÖwe off the Canaries (see Feb. 1 and March 4). Jan. 17 (Mon.) A Russian victory in the Caucasus: the Turks retire on Erzerum. The Clan MacTavish is sunk by the MÖwe. Jan. 18 (Tues.) Allied warships bombard Dedeagatch and Porto Lagos on the Bulgarian coast. Jan. 21 (Fri.) Mesopotamia:—Action of Um-el-Hannah: the Kut relieving force is repulsed. Jan. 22 (Sat.) Montenegro:—Antivari is taken by the Austrians. Jan. 23 (Sun.) The Austrians complete their possession of Montenegro by the occupation of Scutari. Western Egypt:—A British column disperses the Senussi Arabs and burns their camp. A German air-raid on Kent. A French air-raid on Metz. Jan. 24 (Mon.) German attacks near Neuville meet with some success. A French air-raid on Monastir. Jan. 27 (Thur.) The U.S.A. Government publishes a Note of protest against the British search of mails. A German attack on the British near Loos is repulsed. Jan. 29 (Sat.) A Zeppelin raid on Paris. Jan. 31 (Mon.) A Zeppelin raid on the Midlands (67 killed); a Zeppelin, the L19, is wrecked in the North Sea while returning from the raid. Feb. 1 (Tues.) The British liner Appam arrives at Norfolk, Virginia, manned by a German prize crew. A German air-raid on Salonika. Feb. 2 (Wed.) The Dutch steamer Artemis is torpedoed by a German submarine. Feb. 3 (Thur.) Mesopotamia:—Heavy fighting before Kut. Feb. 4 (Fri.) Heavy fighting round Dvinsk. Feb. 8 (Tues.) The Russians cross the Dniester. The French cruiser Amiral Charnier is sunk by a mine or submarine off the Syrian coast. Feb. 9 (Wed.) A German air-raid on Ramsgate and Broadstairs. A British air-raid on Terhand. Feb. 10 (Thur.) The Military Service Act (instituting compulsory service for single men aged 19 to 30) comes into operation in Great Britain. It is announced that Sir H. Smith-Dorrien resigns command in East Africa owing to ill-health (see Dec. 14, 1915), and that Lieut.-General J. Smuts is appointed to succeed him (see Jan. 28, 1917). The Caucasus:—The Russian attack on Erzerum begins (see Feb. 16). The reorganised Serbian army (75,000 troops) is successfully concentrated at Corfu. British mine-sweepers are attacked off the Dogger Bank; the Arabis is sunk. Feb. 11 (Fri.) H.M.S. Arethusa (light cruiser) is sunk by a mine off the East Coast. Feb. 12 (Sat.) The Germans make several attempts to cross the Yser Canal. German attacks near Vimy are repulsed. Feb. 13 (Sun.) The Caucasus:—A Russian success at Erzerum. Feb. 14 (Mon.) A German success at 'the Bluff,' near Ypres: the British lose trenches (see March 2). An Austrian air-raid on Milan. Feb. 16 (Wed.) Verdun is cleared of its civilian population. The Caucasus:—Erzerum is captured by the Russians (see Feb. 10). Feb. 19 (Sat.) German attacks are repulsed south of Arras and north of Ypres. The Caucasus:—The Russians capture Akhlat and Mush, north-west of Lake Van (see Aug. 2). The Cameroons:—The last German post in the Mora Mountains surrenders; this completes the occupation of the Cameroons by the Allies (see Aug. 25, 1914). Feb. 20 (Sun.) A German air-raid on Walmer and Lowestoft. A British air-raid on Don, in Flanders. Feb. 21 (Mon.) The Battle of Verdun begins (see July 1). A Zeppelin is destroyed near Revigny. Feb. 22 (Tues.) The Germans gain ground before Verdun, capturing Haumont Wood and the French salient north of Beaumont. Feb. 23 (Wed.) Portugal seizes interned German ships (see March 10). Further German progress and French withdrawals before Verdun. Feb. 24 (Thur.) The French resist strongly before Verdun, but the German advance continues. Feb. 25 (Fri.) A critical day in the Battle of Verdun: Fort Douaumont is stormed by the Germans. Feb. 26 (Sat.) German attacks beyond Fort Douaumont are repulsed by the French; this ends the first stage of the Battle of Verdun. Western Egypt:—The Senussi Arabs are defeated at Agagia. The French transport Provence II. is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean with heavy loss of life. Feb. 27 (Sun.) Verdun:—A heavy bombardment by the Germans and some infantry fighting. Durazzo is captured by the Austrians. Persia:—Kermanshah is captured by the Russians (see July 2, 1916). The P. & O. liner Maloja is sunk by a mine off Dover. Feb. 29 (Tues.) An action is fought in the North Sea between H.M.S. Alcantara (armed merchant cruiser) and the German raider Greif, in which both are sunk. Mar. 1 (Wed.) H.M.S. Primula (sloop) is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean. Mar. 2 (Thur.) A British success near Ypres: 'the Bluff' is recaptured (see Feb. 14). Verdun:—The Germans capture the village of Douaumont. The Caucasus:—Bitlis (south-west of Lake Van) is captured by the Russians (see Aug. 2). Mar. 3 (Fri.) Verdun:—The French reoccupy Douaumont village; the Germans attack the village of Vaux. Mar. 4 (Sat.) There is fierce fighting for the Hohenzollern Redoubt (near Loos). Verdun:—The Germans again capture the village of Douaumont. The German Admiralty announces the safe return of the raider MÖwe. Mar. 5 (Sun.) Persia:—Sinneh is taken by the Russians. A Zeppelin raid on the north-east coast of England. Mar. 6 (Mon.) Verdun:—The Germans advance up the northern slopes of the CÔte de l'Oie. Mar. 7 (Tues.) A further German success at Verdun: Hill 265 is carried. East Africa:—The British advance in the Kilimanjaro district. The Caucasus:—Rizeh is captured by the Russians. H.M.S. Coquette (destroyer) and the British torpedo boat No. 11 are sunk by mines off the east coast of England. Mar. 8 (Wed.) Heavy fighting at Verdun: the French regain ground. Mesopotamia:—The second attempt to relieve Kut fails, the British being repulsed at Es Sinn. The Caucasus:—The Russians advance towards Trebizond. A French air-raid on Metz. Mar. 9 (Thurs.) Mesopotamia:—The British relieving force falls back from Es Sinn. H.M.S. Fauvette (armed boarding-steamer) is sunk by a mine off the east coast of England. Mar. 10 (Fri.) Germany declares war on Portugal (see Feb. 23). Mar. 11 (Sat) East Africa:—Further British successes west of Taveta and near Kilimanjaro: the Germans retreat. Mar. 12 (Sun.) Persia:—Kerind is occupied by the Russians. East Africa:—Moshi is occupied by the British. Mar. 14 (Tues.) The Caucasus:—The Russians occupy Mamakhatun (see May 31). Egypt:—The British occupy Sollum. Mar. 16 (Thurs.) The resignation of Grand Admiral von Tirpitz as Head of the German Navy is announced. He is succeeded by Admiral von Capelle. Verdun:—Heavy German attacks are repulsed. The Dutch liner Tubantia is sunk by a German submarine. Mar. 17 (Fri.) A fresh German offensive is launched against Russia. Egypt:—A motor force under the Duke of Westminster rescues British prisoners from the Senussi by a successful raid. Mar. 18 (Sat.) A German success at the Hohenzollern Redoubt. The First Battle of Lake Narotch (east of Vilna) begins (see April 14). The Dutch liner Palembang is sunk by a German submarine. The French destroyer Renaudin is sunk by an enemy submarine in the Adriatic. Allied air-raids on Metz and Zeebrugge. Mar. 19 (Sun.) Persia:—Ispahan is captured by the Russians. An air-raid on Kent by German seaplanes (one destroyed). Mar. 20 (Mon.) Verdun:—Renewed German attacks fail. Heavy fighting near Dvinsk and Riga. An action is fought between British and German destroyers off the Belgian coast: the Germans run for Zeebrugge. A big raid by Allied aeroplanes on Zeebrugge. Mar. 22 (Wed.) Verdun:—The Germans carry Avocourt Wood. A Russian success near Dvinsk. Mar. 24 (Fri.) The Sussex (passenger steamer) is torpedoed in the Channel by a German submarine. Mar. 25 (Sat.) The Russians attack the Germans near Vilna. A raid by British seaplanes, convoyed by light cruisers and destroyers, on German airship sheds in Schleswig-Holstein: the British destroyer Medusa is lost by collision, and two German patrol boats are sunk in the naval action which develops. Mar. 27 (Mon.) A Conference of the Allies is held in Paris. A British success at St. Eloi: German trenches are captured (see April 7). The Russians again attack near Vilna. A German air-raid on Salonika. Mar. 28 (Tues.) Verdun:—The German attacks are renewed. Mar. 30 (Thur.) Verdun:—There is heavy fighting for Fort Douaumont; the Germans capture Malancourt. The Russian hospital ship Portugal is sunk by an enemy submarine in the Black Sea. Mar. 31 (Fri.) The British G.H.Q. are moved from St. Omer to Montreuil. A Zeppelin raid on England (which is followed by four more within a week). The Zeppelin L15 is brought down at the mouth of the Thames. April 1 (Sat.) Verdun:—The Germans gain ground at Fort Vaux. A Zeppelin raid on the north-east coast of England. April 2 (Sun.) An explosion occurs in a munitions factory at Faversham, Kent (106 killed). A Zeppelin raid on England and Scotland. April 3 (Mon.) A British success at St. Eloi. A French success at Verdun. The Caucasus:—A Russian attack on Trebizond begins (see April 18). April 4 (Tues.) Verdun:—The Germans attack at Douaumont and are repulsed. General Brussiloff succeeds General Ivanoff in command of the Russian armies of the South. A Zeppelin raid on the Eastern Counties. April 5 (Wed.) A Zeppelin raid on the north-east of England. April 6 (Thur.) Mesopotamia:—A third attempt is made to relieve Kut: the Um-el-Hannah and Falahiyah positions are captured. April 7 (Fri.) The Germans regain the trenches captured by the British at St. Eloi on March 27. The Russians again attack the German lines near Vilna. Macedonia:—The Allied positions on the Vardar are bombarded. April 8 (Sat.) Fierce fighting at Verdun: the French evacuate Bethincourt. April 9 (Sun.) The British regain ground at St. Eloi. Verdun:—A fierce German attack on the Mort Homme. Mesopotamia:—The first British attack on the Sanna-i-Yat position is repulsed. April 10 (Mon.) A British success at St. Eloi. A critical day at Verdun: German attacks on the Mort Homme are repulsed. April 11 (Tues.) The Germans attack near Albert and continue their attacks at Verdun. Italy:—The Alpini gain a success on the Adamello glacier. April 12 (Wed.) Mesopotamia:—The British make a second attack on the Sanna-i-Yat position: some ground is gained. April 13 (Thur.) Egypt:—Australian troops destroy a Turkish camp at Jifjaffa on the Egyptian frontier. April 14 (Fri.) The end of the First Battle of Lake Narotch (see March 18); it leads to little change of position. British naval aeroplanes bomb Constantinople and Adrianople. April 15 (Sat.) A Russian success in the Caucasus. April 16 (Sun.) Verdun:—The French attack at Douaumont and regain ground. April 17 (Mon.) Fresh German attacks at Verdun, which gain ground. The Italians capture the Col di Lana (Trentino). Mesopotamia:—A Turkish counter-attack on the Tigris is partially successful. April 18 (Tues.) The Caucasus:—Trebizond is captured by the Russians (see April 8). April 19 (Wed.) Verdun:—German attacks at Les Eparges are repulsed. A Note from the U.S.A. is presented to Germany demanding modification of her submarine policy (see May 4). The Caucasus:—The Russians carry a strong enemy position west of Erzerum. April 20 (Thur.) The rebellion breaks out in Ireland (see May 1). Verdun:—The French gain ground near Fort Vaux. Russian troops reach Marseilles. April 21 (Good Friday) Sir Roger Casement is captured on the coast of Kerry, near Tralee (see June 26, Aug. 3). April 22 (Sat.) Mesopotamia:—A third British attack on the Sanna-i-Yat position is repulsed. A British success in German East Africa, by which the occupation of the northern half of the colony is made secure. April 23 (Easter Sunday) An engagement at Katia on the Egyptian frontier. April 24 (Mon.) Riots in Dublin: the Sinn Feiners occupy the Post Office and St. Stephen's Green. Mesopotamia (night of the 24th-25th):—An unsuccessful attempt is made to run a supply ship into Kut. April 25 (Tues.) German battle-cruisers bombard Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth; they are pursued home but escape in safety. A Zeppelin raid on the eastern counties of England. April 26 (Wed.) Fighting in Dublin. A Zeppelin raid on Kent. April 27 (Thur.) Martial law is proclaimed throughout Ireland. H.M.S. Russell (battleship) is sunk by a mine off Malta. H.M.S. Nasturtium (sloop) is sunk by a mine in the Mediterranean. The German submarine UC5 is captured in the North Sea. April 28 (Fri.) The Second Battle of Lake Narotch: a Russian reverse. April 29 (Sat.) Italy:—The Austrians are driven from the Adamello glacier by Alpini. Mesopotamia:—Kut-el-Amara capitulates, after a siege of 144 days, owing to failure of supplies (see Dec. 7, 1915). May 1 (Mon.) The Irish rebellion is crushed (see April 20). A Zeppelin raid on Scotland and the northeast of England. May 2 (Tues.) Resignation of Mr. Birrell, Secretary of State for Ireland. Verdun:—A French success at the Mort Homme. A Zeppelin raid on Scotland and England: the Zeppelin L20, returning from this raid, is wrecked off Norway. May 3 (Wed.) Verdun:—Fresh German attacks on the Mort Homme begin. May 4 (Thur.) Germany, in a Note to the U.S.A., agrees to sink no ships without warning (see April 19). The Zeppelin L 7 is destroyed off Schleswig by the gunfire of British warships. May 5 (Fri.) Verdun:—Fierce fighting for Hill 304. A Zeppelin is destroyed near Salonika. May 7 (Sun.) Verdun:—A great German attack on Hill 304 results in a slight gain of ground. May 8 (Mon.) Verdun:—The Germans lose ground at the Mort Homme and Fort Douaumont. The White Star liner Cymric is torpedoed without warning by a German submarine near the Irish coast. May 10 (Wed.) Persia:—Kasr-i-Shirin is occupied by the Russians. May 11 (Thur.) A German success near Vermelles: 500 yards of British front-line trenches are captured. May 12 (Fri.) A British counter-attack near Vermelles is partially successful. May 13 (Sat.) The Germans attack the British at Ploegsteert Wood and are repulsed. The Caucasus:—The Russians retire on Erzerum. The British monitor M30 is sunk in action in the Gulf of Smyrna. May 14 (Sun.) Italy:—The Battle of the Trentino begins (see June 4). May 15 (Mon.) The British capture a German trench on the Vimy Ridge. The Austrians advance in the Trentino. May 16 (Tues.) A Turkish force is defeated by an Australian detachment in the Sinai Peninsula. May 17 (Wed.) Verdun:—Fresh German attacks on Hill 304 are unsuccessful. British monitors engage German destroyers off the Belgian coast and put them to flight. May 18 (Thur.) An Air Board is constituted in Great Britain. The Italians retire in the Trentino. Sinai Peninsula:—A British raid on El Arish. Mesopotamia:—Russian cavalry, after a ride of 200 miles from the Persian frontier, join the British on the Tigris. May 19 (Fri.) A British success at Vimy Ridge. Mesopotamia:—The Turks evacuate the Es Sinn position and withdraw to Kut. A German air-raid on Kent. May 20 (Sat.) Verdun:—Fierce fighting for the Mort Homme. A further Italian withdrawal in the Trentino. May 21 (Sun.) The Germans win trenches from the British on the Vimy Ridge. Verdun:—Part of the Mort Homme is captured by the Germans, but the French advance on the Douaumont Plateau and carry the Haudromont quarries. Mesopotamia:—The British advance on the south bank of the Tigris. May 22 (Mon.) The Sudan:—The action of Beringia: the Sultan of Darfur is defeated. May 23 (Tues.) Ramillies, 1706. The Sudan:—El Fasher, the capital of Darfur, is captured by the British. May 24 (Wed.) Verdun:—CumiÈres is stormed by the Germans. May 25 (Thur.) Compulsory service for married as well as single men between 18 and 41 becomes law in Great Britain, to take effect from June 24. The Germans win successes at Verdun and Vimy. Italy:—Bettale is taken by the Austrians. May 26 (Fri.) The Bulgarians and Germans advance into Greek Macedonia and capture Fort Rupel. May 29 (Mon.) A great German attack at Verdun: the French line holds. A renewed British advance in German East Africa: Neu Langenburg is occupied. May 30 (Tues.) Verdun:—The French abandon the Bethincourt-CumiÈres road. Italy:—The battle for the Pass of Buola. East Africa:—A Belgian force invades Ruanda. May 31 (Wed.) Union Day, South Africa, 1910. The Battle of Jutland is fought between the main British and German fleets: the German fleet, with considerable loss, escapes aided by mist. Italy:—Asiago and Arsiero are captured by the Austrians (see June 25 and 27). The Caucasus:—Mamakhatun is retaken by the Turks (see March 14 and July 12). June 1 (Thur.) Verdun:—The Germans begin a fresh attack on Fort Vaux. June 2 (Fri.) The Germans capture trenches from the Canadians at Ypres (see June 13), and from the French at Verdun. June 4 (Sun.) Verdun:—Fort Vaux is isolated. A great Russian offensive is launched in the Bukovina and the Ukraine (with the 8th and 9th Armies): rapid progress is made, and many thousands of prisoners are captured. The end of the Battle of the Trentino: the Austrian advance is checked (see May 14). June 5 (Mon.) H.M.S. Hampshire is sunk off the Orkneys and Lord Kitchener drowned. June 6 (Tues.) The Germans gain ground from the British at Hooge. Verdun:—Fierce German attacks on Fort Vaux. The Russians capture Lutsk from the Austrians. June 7 (Wed.) Verdun:—Fort Vaux is captured by the Germans. June 8 (Thur.) The Russian 7th Army launches an offensive in Eastern Galicia: Buczacz is captured. June 9 (Fri.) The War Council of the Allies meets in London. Arabia:—The Emir Hussein, Grand Sherif of Mecca, revolts against the Turks and gains possession of Mecca. The Italian transport Principe Umberto is sunk by a submarine in the Adriatic (many lives lost). June 10 (Sat.) A great Russian victory near Czernowitz: 35,000 prisoners are captured. East Africa:—Momba is occupied by the British. June 11 (Whit Sunday) Verdun:—A German advance near Thiaumont. Venice is bombed by Austrian seaplanes. June 12 (Mon.) The Germans are within four miles of Verdun. A further Russian advance in the Bukovina. Southern Persia:—Kerman is occupied by a British force. June 13 (Tues.) The Canadians win back the trenches they had lost at Ypres (from south of Sanctuary Wood to north of Hill 60: see June 2). The Russian 4th Army advances on Baranovitchi. In the Baltic, Russian destroyers attack a convoy of German steamers escorted by warships: they sink the German auxiliary cruiser Herrmann and two German torpedo boats. June 14 (Wed.) The Allied Economic Conference meets in Paris. The British occupy Wilhelmsthal, the capital of German East Africa. June 15 (Thur.) Fresh German attacks at Verdun. Russian victories on the Strypa and on the frontiers of Galicia. Mesopotamia:—A British success on the Tigris. June 16 (Fri.) Arabia:—The Grand Sherif of Mecca captures Jeddah from the Turks. H.M.S. Eden (destroyer) is sunk by a collision in the Channel. June 17 (Sat.) Czernowitz is again captured by the Russians. June 18 (Sun.) Death of von Moltke. Immelman, the famous German airman, is shot down by a British airman. Russian progress continues in the Bukovina. June 19 (Mon.) Fierce fighting between the Russians and Austrians before Kovel. June 21 (Wed.) A Note is presented to the Greek Government by Great Britain, France, and Russia, demanding complete demobilisation of the Greek army. June 22 (Thur.) M. Skouloudis, the Greek Premier, resigns and is succeeded by M. Zaimis (see Nov. 4, 1915, and Sept. 11, 1916). Greece accepts the Allies' demands. The Germans are within three miles of Verdun. Further Russian progress in the Bukovina. June 23 (Fri.) Fierce German attacks at Verdun: Fort Thiaumont is stormed. Kimpolung (Southern Bukovina) is captured by the Russians. The Great Eastern Railway Company's steamer Brussels (master, Captain Charles Fryatt) is captured by a German torpedo flotilla and taken to Zeebrugge (see July 27). June 24 (Sat.) Verdun:—Fleury is stormed by the Germans; this is the extreme point of their advance. The Russians are in possession of almost all the Bukovina. June 25 (Sun.) Verdun:—A French success at Fleury. Asiago is recaptured by the Italians (see May 31); the Austrians are pressed back along the entire Trentino Front. June 26 (Mon.) The trial of Sir Roger Casement for high treason begins (see June 29). June 27 (Tues.) Western Front:—Heavy bombardments and many trench raids by the British. A Russian reverse near Kovel. The Italians recapture Arsiero (see May 31) and Posina. June 28 (Wed.) It is announced in the House of Commons that the British and French Governments have abandoned the Declaration of London. June 29 (Thur.) Sir Roger Casement is sentenced to death (see April 21, Aug. 3). June 30 (Fri.) Verdun:—The French recapture Fort Thiaumont. Heavy bombardments of the German lines along the Western Front. The Russians capture Kolomea (Galicia). July 1 (Sat.) (The Battle of the Boyne, 1690). The Battle of the Somme begins (see Nov. 17): Montaubon, Mametz, and other villages are captured by the British; the French capture Dompierre, Becquincourt, and other villages. The German offensive at Verdun is virtually at an end (see Feb. 21). July 2 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The British capture Fricourt; the French capture Curlu and Frise. The Battle of Baranovitchi (an important Persia:—Kermanshah is retaken by the Turks (see Feb. 27, 1916, and March 13, 1917). July 3 (Mon.) The Somme Front:—Fighting is in progress for Ovillers, Contalmaison, and La Boiselle; the British capture Serre; the French take a number of villages beyond the German second position. July 4 (Tues.) The Somme Front:—La Boiselle is captured by the British; the French advance towards PÉronne. July 5 (Wed.) The Russians advance towards the Stokhod. July 6 (Thur.) Mr. Lloyd George is appointed British Secretary of State for War. July 7 (Fri.) The Somme Front:—The British line is advanced: Leipsig Redoubt is carried; Contalmaison is taken and lost. East Africa:—The British occupy Tanga. July 8 (Sat.) The Russians cross the Stokhod. July 9 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—Heavy fighting on the British Front for Ovillers and in TrÔnes Wood; the French approach PÉronne and capture Hardecourt. The German cargo-carrying submarine Deutschland reaches Norfolk in Virginia (see Aug. 23). July 10 (Mon.) The Somme Front:—The British capture Contalmaison. Mesopotamia:—A Turkish attack on the British position near Sanna-i-Yat. July 11 (Tues.) Oudenarde, 1708. A German submarine bombards Seaham harbour. July 12 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of Mametz Wood. The Caucasus:—Mamakhatun is retaken by the Russians (see May 31). East Africa:—The British capture Mwanza. July 14 (Fri.) British attacks on the Somme are renewed: Bazentin-le-Petit and the greater part of Longueval are captured (see July 29); the British complete the capture of TrÔnes Wood. The Battle of Baranovitchi (see July 2) ends in the repulse of strong German attacks with slight change of position. July 15 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The British abandon High Wood (entered the previous day), but advance towards PoziÈres; fierce fighting in Delville Wood. The Russian 11th Army launches an offensive towards Brody (Galicia). The Caucasus:—The Russians capture Baiburt (between Erzerum and Trebizond). July 16 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of Ovillers; fierce fighting on the French front near PÉronne. Umlej surrenders to the Sherif of Mecca. July 18 (Tues.) The Somme Front:—German counter-attacks in Delville Wood and Longueval are partially successful. The Caucasus:—The Russians capture Kighi. July 19 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—A British attack on Guillemont fails, but an advance is made near Thiepval. July 20 (Thur.) The Somme Front:—A British success at High Wood; a French success near Hardecourt. The Russians advance across the Styr: 12,000 prisoners are captured. July 21 (Fri.) The Somme Front:—The Germans attack the French near Chaulnes and are repulsed. July 22 (Sat.) The Russians occupy Berestetchko, south of the Lipa. An action is fought between British and German light craft off the Belgian coast. July 23 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The British attack towards PoziÈres and make progress. Taif surrenders to the Grand Sherif of Mecca. July 24 (Mon.) East Africa:—The action of Malangali. July 25 (Tues.) The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of PoziÈres. The Russians advance on Brody (Galicia). The Caucasus:—The Russians complete the conquest of Armenia by the capture of Erzingan. July 27 (Thur.) Captain Fryatt is executed in the Jardin de l'Aurore at Bruges by order of a German court-martial (see June 23). The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of Delville Wood. July 28 (Fri.) Brody (Galicia) is captured by the Russians, with 20,000 prisoners and many guns. July 29 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of Longueval. A Zeppelin raid on Lincolnshire and Norfolk. July 30 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—A French success near Hardecourt. Russian troops land at Salonika. East Africa:—The British occupy Dodoma. July 31 (Mon.) The Somme Front:—The French advance near Maurepas. A Zeppelin raid on the east and south-east of England. Aug. 1 (Tues.) The Russians attack before Kovel. The Italians bombard the Austrian positions on the Isonzo. Aug. 2 (Wed.) The Caucasus:—Mush and Bitlis are recaptured by the Turks (see Feb. 19, Mar. 2, and Aug. 23 and 24). The Italian dreadnought Leonardo da Vinci is sunk by an internal explosion in Taranto harbour. A Zeppelin raid on the eastern counties of England. Aug. 3 (Thur.) Sir Roger Casement is hanged in Pentonville Prison (see June 29). Fierce fighting on the Stokhod; the Russian advance is checked. East Africa:—Ujiji is captured by the Belgians. Aug. 4 (Fri.) The Somme Front:—The British advance near PoziÈres. The Russians attack on the Sereth. The Turks attack on the Suez Canal (the Battle of Romani). Aug. 5 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—A further British advance near PoziÈres. The Italians attack on the Isonzo (the Battle of Gorizia: see Aug. 8 and 14). Egypt:—The Turks are routed in the Battle of Romani. Aug. 6 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—A German counter-attack at PoziÈres is repulsed. A Russian success on the Sereth. Aug. 7 (Mon.) The Russians attack south of the Dniester: Tysmienica (near Stanislau) is captured and many prisoners are taken. Aug. 8 (Tues.) The Isonzo Front:—The Italians capture Gorizia and take 12,000 prisoners (see Oct. 28, 1917). Aug. 9 (Wed.) The French advance on a four-mile front north of the Somme. A Zeppelin raid on England. A British air-raid on the Zeppelin sheds near Brussels. Aug. 10 (Thur.) The Somme Front:—The British and French advance at a number of points. Stanislau is captured by the Russians, with a large sector of the remaining Austrian defences in Eastern Galicia; over 80,000 prisoners and many guns are taken. Aug. 11 (Fri.) Macedonia:—Italian troops land at Salonika; a French success near Doiran. East Africa:—Mpwapwa is occupied by the British. British airmen bombard the Zeppelin sheds near Brussels and Namur. Aug. 12 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The French advance near Hardecourt. The Italians advance on the Carso. A German seaplane bombs Dover. Aug. 13 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The British advance near PoziÈres; the French advance near Maurepas. The British destroyer Lassoo is sunk by a mine off the Dutch coast. Aug. 14 (Mon.) The end of the Battle of Gorizia (see Aug. 5), which results in an important advance and the capture of Gorizia and many prisoners by the Italians. Aug. 15 (Tues.) The Russians occupy Jablonica (Carpathians). Aug. 16 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The French and British reach the Guillemont-Maurepas road. Aug. 17 (Thurs.) The Bulgarians attack near Salonika. Aug. 18 (Fri.) Gravelotte, 1870. The Somme Front:—The British attack along a front of 11 miles between Thiepval and Guillemont and capture important positions; the French gain ground near Maurepas. Macedonia:—The Bulgarians advance towards Kavalla. Aug. 19 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The British capture important positions on the Thiepval Ridge. H.M.S. Nottingham and H.M.S. Falmouth (light cruisers) are torpedoed in the North Sea. The British submarine E23 torpedoes a German battleship, the Westfalen, in the North Sea. Aug. 20 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The Germans counterattack unsuccessfully near Thiepval. Macedonia:—The Bulgarians capture Florina; a general offensive is launched by the Allies. Aug. 22 (Tues.) The Somme Front:—The British gain ground before Thiepval and near PoziÈres. Verdun:—The French advance between Fleury and Thiaumont Wood. The heights of the Jablonica Pass (Carpathians) are carried by the Russians. Macedonia:—The Bulgarians are driven back by the British and Serbians on the Doiran Front. East Africa:—Kilossa is captured by the British. Aug. 23 (Wed.) The Caucasus:—Bitlis is recaptured by the Russians (see Aug 2). The mercantile submarine Deutschland arrives back in Germany (see July 9). A Zeppelin raid on the eastern counties of England. Aug. 24 (Thur.) The Caucasus:—Mush is recaptured by the Russians (see Aug. 2, 1916, and May 3, 1917). A Zeppelin raid on London and the eastern counties of England. Aug. 25 (Fri.) Macedonia:—The forts of Kavala are occupied by the Bulgarians. A raid by British naval aeroplanes on the Zeppelin sheds near Namur. H.M.S. Duke of Albany (armed boarding-steamer) is sunk by a submarine in the North Sea. Aug. 26 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—A strong attack by the Prussian Guard near Thiepval is repulsed by the British. East Africa:—Mrogoro, the seat of German Government in the colony, is captured by the British. Aug. 27 (Sun.) Roumania declares war on Austria. Aug. 28 (Mon.) Germany declares war on Roumania. Italy declares war on Germany. The Roumanians invade Transylvania. Sir Stanley Maude assumes command of the British forces in Mesopotamia (see Nov. 18, 1917). British warships bombard the forts of Kavala. Aug. 29 (Tues.) Hindenburg succeeds Falkenhayn as Chief of the German General Staff. Brasso (Kronstadt) is occupied by the Roumanians (see Oct. 7). East Africa:—Neu Iringa is occupied by the British. Aug. 30 (Wed.) Turkey declares war on Roumania. The Russians advance in the Carpathians. Aug. 31 (Thur.) The Somme Front:—A German attack at High Wood is repulsed by the British. The Russians continue to advance in the Carpathians and take many prisoners. Sept. 1 (Fri.) An Allied naval demonstration at Athens. Bulgaria declares war on Roumania. Hermanstadt is occupied by the Roumanians. Sept. 2 (Sat.) The Russians capture the Ploska Height near the Jablonica Pass (Carpathians). Sept. 3 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—Guillemont and part of Ginchy are captured by the British; the French take ClÉry. German and Bulgarian forces enter the Dobrudja. A Zeppelin raid on London and the Eastern Counties; a Zeppelin is brought down in flames at Cuffley by Lieut. W. L. Robinson. Sept. 4 (Mon.) The Somme Front:—The advance of the French and British continues. East Africa:—Dar-es-Salaam surrenders to British naval forces. Sept. 5 (Tues.) The Somme Front:—Leuze Wood is captured by the British; south of the Somme the French make a notable advance. A Russian victory near Halicz (4500 prisoners). Sept. 6 (Wed.) The French advance at Verdun and make further progress south of the Somme. The Russians advance rapidly on Halicz. The Bulgarians capture Tutrakan (Dobrudja). Sept. 7 (Thur.) The Roumanians occupy Orsova (in Hungarian territory on the Danube: see Nov. 23). Sept. 9 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of Ginchy. Silistria, the Roumanian fortress on the Danube, is captured by the Bulgarians. Sept. 10 (Sun.) Macedonia:—The British advance across the Struma. Sept. 11 (Mon.) Resignation of M. Zaimis, the Greek Premier (see June 22). Sept. 12 (Tues.) The French advance north of the Somme and reach the Bapaume-PÉronne road. The 4th Greek Army Corps at Kavala surrenders to the Germans. Sept. 13 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The French advance across the Bapaume-PÉronne road. Sept. 14 (Thur.) The Somme Front:—The British storm 'the Wonderwork' near Thiepval. A new Italian offensive is launched on the Isonzo front. The Roumanians advance in Transylvania, but are forced to retire in the Dobrudja. Sept. 15 (Fri.) The Somme Front:—The British attack on a wide front; tanks are used for the first time; Martinpuich, Flers, and Courcelette are taken and the capture of High Wood is completed. The Italians capture San Grado (on the Carso). Macedonia:—The Allies capture high ground overlooking Florina. Sept. 16 (Sat.) A new Greek cabinet is formed under M. Kalogeropoulos. The Russians and Roumanians are definitely in retreat in the Dobrudja. Sept. 17 (Sun.) The French attack south of the Somme and capture Vermandovillers and Berny. The Isonzo Front:—The Italians capture important positions and a number of prisoners. Sept. 18 (Mon.) The Somme Front:—'The Quadrilateral' near Morval is stormed by the British. DeniÉcourt is captured by the French. Macedonia:—The Allies capture Florina. The Russo-Roumanian army in the Dobrudja is forced to retire from strong positions. Sept. 20 (Wed.) Transylvania:—The Austro-Germans gain the summit of the Vulcan Pass. Sept. 21 (Thur.) The Great Eastern Railway Company's steamer Colchester is captured by German small craft and taken to Zeebrugge. Sept. 23 (Sat.) A Zeppelin raid on England: two Zeppelins are brought down in Essex, the L 32 and L 33. Sept. 25 (Mon.) Greece:—M. Venizelos leaves the PirÆus for Crete, where he proclaims a Provisional Government four days later. The Somme Front:—Morval and Les Boeufs are captured by the British; Rancourt and Fregicourt are taken by the French. A Zeppelin raid on England. Sept. 26 (Tues.) The Somme Front:—Gueudecourt is captured by the British and Combles by the British and French; the British attack Thiepval; the French advance east of Combles to St. Pierre Vaast Wood. The Roumanians regain ground in the Vulcan Pass. Sept. 27 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The British complete the capture of Thiepval. Sept. 28 (Thur.) The Somme Front:—The greater part of Schwaben Redoubt, on the Thiepval Plateau, is captured by the British. Sept. 29 (Fri.) A Greek Provisional Government is formed in Crete by M. Venizelos (see Sept. 25). Oct. 1 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—Eaucourt l'Abbaye is captured by the British. The Bulgarians and Germans are checked in the Dobrudja. A Zeppelin raid on London: a Zeppelin is brought down near Potter's Bar by 2nd Lieut. W. J. Tempest. Oct. 3 (Tues.) The Greek Cabinet resigns owing to the attitude of the Allies. The Roumanians counter-attack successfully both in Transylvania and the Dobrudja and capture many prisoners. Macedonia:—The Serbians reach Kenali in their advance on Monastir. Oct. 4 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The French advance east of Morval. Macedonia:—The British advance east of the Struma and capture a number of villages. The Cunard liner Franconia and the French transport Gallia are sunk by submarines in the Mediterranean. Oct. 5 (Thur.) The Roumanians fall back in Transylvania. Oct. 7 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The British capture Le Sars. Transylvania:—Brasso (Kronstadt) is recaptured by the Austro-Germans (see Aug. 29). The British advance in Macedonia. The German submarine U53 reaches Newport, Rhode Island, after a voyage of seventeen days. Oct. 8 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The French advance to the outskirts of Sailly-Saillisel. The Germans advance in Transylvania. Eight ships are torpedoed off the American coast by the U53. Oct. 9 (Mon.) A new Greek Cabinet is formed by Professor Lambros. The Isonzo Front:—The Italians capture important positions and many prisoners. Oct. 10 (Tues.) An Allied ultimatum is presented to Greece demanding the surrender of the Greek fleet; the Greek Government protests but yields. Oct. 11 (Wed.) The Allies take possession of the Greek fleet. The Isonzo Front:—The Italian advance continues. Oct. 12 (Thur.) A Franco-British raid by 40 aeroplanes on the mauser factories at Oberndorf. Oct. 13 (Fri.) The Germans enter Roumania. Norway prohibits the use of her territorial waters by belligerent submarines. Oct. 14 (Sat.) The Somme Front:—The British advance at Schwaben Redoubt; the French advance near Bouchavesnes and Ablaincourt. Oct. 16 (Mon.) The Germans capture the Gyimes Pass leading into Northern Roumania. Oct. 17 (Tues.) The Allies land troops at Athens. Oct. 18 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The French capture Sailly-Saillisel. Oct. 19 (Thur.) A new offensive is launched by the Germans and Bulgarians in the Dobrudja. The German cruiser MÜnchen is sunk by a British submarine in the North Sea. Oct. 20 (Fri.) The Russian dreadnought Imperatritsa Maria is sunk by an internal explosion. Oct. 21 (Sat.) Murder of the Austrian Premier, Count Sturgkh. The Somme Front:—The British capture strong positions near Thiepval. The Germans and Bulgarians advance in the Dobrudja and capture Tuzla. Oct. 22 (Sun.) The Germans and Bulgarians capture Constanza, the port of the Dobrudja. The A German seaplane which raids Sheerness is destroyed. Oct. 23 (Mon.) The British mine-sweeping sloop Genista is sunk by a submarine in the Atlantic (many lives lost). Oct. 24 (Tues.) The French attack at Verdun: the village and fort of Douaumont and other important positions are captured with 4500 prisoners (see Nov. 4). The Dobrudja:—Chernavoda is captured by the Germans and Bulgarians. Oct. 25 (Wed.) A further French advance at Verdun. Oct. 27 (Fri.) German destroyers make a raid into the Straits of Dover: the empty British transport Queen and the British destroyer Flirt are sunk; the British destroyers Zulu and Nubian are severely damaged (subsequently these last two are made into one ship named the Zubian). Oct. 28 (Sat.) The Donaldson liner Marina is sunk by a submarine without warning off Queenstown. Oct. 29 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The French capture trenches north of Sailly-Saillisel. Captain Boelcke, the famous German airman, is shot down. Oct. 30 (Mon.) East Africa:—The Germans are defeated at Lupembe. Oct. 31 (Tues.) Macedonia:—The British advance in the Struma Valley. Nov. 1 (Wed.) The Somme Front:—The Allies advance near Les Boeufs and Sailly. The Italians advance on the Isonzo Front in the sector between Gorizia and the sea: 4700 prisoners are captured. An action between destroyers in the North Sea. A raid on Pola by Italian torpedo-boats. Nov. 2 (Thur.) Verdun:—The French recapture Fort Vaux. The Italians continue to advance on the Carso. Russian warships bombard Constanza. Nov. 3 (Fri.) Verdun:—The French make further progress. Isonzo Front:—The Italians make further progress on the Carso. Nov. 4 (Sat.) The recapture by the French of all the main defences of Verdun is completed by the occupation of the Damloup work (see Oct. 24). Nov. 5 (Sun.) Germany and Austria proclaim an 'independent State of Poland' with an 'hereditary Monarchy and Constitution.' Nov. 6 (Mon.) The Somme Front:—The French advance in St. Pierre Vaast Wood. The Germans advance in Roumania. The P. & O. liner Arabia is sunk by a submarine without warning in the Mediterranean. Nov. 7 (Tues.) Mr. Wilson is re-elected President of the United States. The French advance south of the Somme. The Russians and Roumanians advance in the Dobrudja. Nov. 8 (Wed.) A further German advance into Roumania. Nov. 10 (Fri.) The Somme Front:—The British make progress north of Thiepval. The Serbians make progress towards Monastir: Chuke heights and the village of Polag are captured. German destroyers shell the Russian coast near Reval. British naval aeroplanes bombard the harbours and submarine shelters at Zeebrugge and Ostend. Nov. 11 (Sat.) The armed French transport Magellan is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean. Nov. 12 (Sun.) The Somme Front:—The French capture Saillisel. A further German advance into Roumania. The Serbians gain ground towards Monastir: 16 guns and 1000 prisoners are captured. Nov. 13 (Mon.) The British attack astride the Ancre and capture St. Pierre Divion, Beaumont Hamel, and 3300 prisoners. The Germans continue to advance in Roumania. Nov. 14 (Tues.) The British capture Beaucourt (on the Ancre Front). The Allies advance in Macedonia: the Bulgarians fall back on the Bystritza, five miles south of Monastir. Nov. 15 (Wed.) The Germans advance rapidly in Roumania. British naval aeroplanes bombard the harbours and submarine shelters at Zeebrugge and Ostend. Nov. 17 (Fri.) The end of the Battle of the Somme (see July 1). British airmen raid Zeebrugge and Ostend. Nov. 18 (Sat.) A further British advance astride the Ancre. An important German victory in Roumania which breaks the Roumanian resistance. Macedonian Front:—Monastir is recaptured by the Allies (see Dec. 5, 1915). Nov. 21 (Tues.) Death of the Austrian Emperor, Francis Joseph. Roumania:—Craiova is captured by the Germans. The British hospital ship Britannic is sunk by a mine or submarine in the Ægean Sea. Nov. 23 (Thur.) Orsova is recaptured by the Austro-Germans (see Sept. 7). Nov. 24 (Fri.) The Germans and Bulgarians under Mackensen cross the Danube at several points from the Dobrudja. The British hospital ship Braemar Castle is torpedoed in the Mediterranean; the vessel is subsequently salved and repaired. Nov. 25 (Sat.) Roumania:—The armies of Falkenhayn and Mackensen effect a junction north of the Danube. The French battleship Suffren is sunk by a submarine in the Atlantic. Nov. 26 (Sun.) The Allies demand of the Greek Government the surrender of ten mountain batteries. The Roumanians are in full retreat. A Serbian success north of Monastir: Hill 105 is captured. A German naval raid on Lowestoft. Nov. 27 (Mon.) The Roumanian retreat continues: the line of the Aluta is abandoned; Giurgevo, on the Danube, is captured by the enemy. A Zeppelin raid on England: two Zeppelins are destroyed. Nov. 28 (Tues.) A daylight raid on London by one German aeroplane. A British air-raid on the harbour at Zeebrugge. Nov. 29 (Wed.) The appointments of Sir John Jellicoe to the office of First Sea Lord (see May 28, 1915, and Dec. 26, 1917) and of Sir David Beatty to the command of the Grand Fleet are announced in Parliament. Dec. 1 (Fri.) Mr. Lloyd George makes proposals to Mr. Asquith for the reform of war administration in Great Britain. The Allies' demands are rejected by the Greek Government; an Allied force which is landed at the PirÆus is attacked by Greek troops. Dec. 3 (Sun.) Roumania:—A German victory in the Arges Valley; the Roumanian armies are driven back all along the line. The Serbians advance and carry high ground north-east of Monastir. A German submarine bombards Funchal (Madeira). Dec. 4 (Mon.) The Serbians continue to advance north-east of Monastir; they capture Stravina. The British liner Caledonia is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean. Dec. 5 (Tues.) Resignation of Mr. Asquith, British Prime Minister. Dec. 6 (Wed.) Roumania:—Bucharest and Ploesti are captured by the Germans. Greece:—The Royalist party in Athens regains control of the posts and telegraphs. Dec. 7 (Thur.) Mr. Lloyd George becomes British Prime Minister. Roumania:—The German successes continue; many prisoners are captured. Dec. 8 (Fri.) A blockade of Greece is proclaimed by the Allies, as from this date, until adequate reparation shall be made for recent outrages. Dec. 10 (Sun.) The formation of the new British Cabinet is announced. Mr. Balfour becomes Foreign Secretary, Lord Derby Secretary for War, Sir E. Carson First Lord of the Admiralty, Mr. Chamberlain Secretary for India, Lord Devonport Food Controller; Minister of Munitions, Dr. Addison; Minister of Blockade, Lord R. Cecil (see May 26, 1915, and July 17, 1917). Dec. 11 (Mon.) An Allied Note is presented to Greece demanding the demobilisation of the Greek troops. The Roumanian retreat continues: enemy forces are 20 miles east of Ploesti. The Italian battleship Regina Margherita is sunk by a mine in the Adriatic. A British air-raid on Zeebrugge. Dec. 12 (Tues.) The German Chancellor announces that Germany has made proposals for peace. General Nivelle succeeds General Joffre in command of the armies in the field on the Western Front. Vice-Admiral Gauchet succeeds Admiral du Fournet in command of the Allied Fleets in the Mediterranean. Dec. 13 (Wed.) Mesopotamia:—A new offensive against Kut-el-Amara is launched by the British forces under General Sir Stanley Maude. Dec. 14 (Thur.) The Allies present an ultimatum to Greece demanding the withdrawal of all Greek forces from Thessaly. The Roumanians evacuate Buzeu. The empty British transport Russia is sunk by a submarine. Dec. 15 (Fri.) The Greek Government accepts the ultimatum of the Allies. A brilliant French advance at Verdun: important positions and 7500 prisoners are taken. East Africa:—A British victory near Kibata. Dec. 16 (Sat.) The French advance at Verdun continues. Dec. 18 (Mon.) Germany's peace proposals are received by the British Foreign Office (see Dec. 12 and 30). The end of the French offensive at Verdun (see Dec. 15), over 11,000 prisoners and 115 guns having been captured and much ground gained. Roumania:—The Germans advancing on Braila, the grain port on the Danube, are checked by the Russians at Botogu. Dec. 19 (Tues.) Mr. Lloyd George announces the attitude of the British Government and of the Allies towards the German peace proposals: 'restitution, reparation, and a guarantee against repetition' are declared essential. Dec. 20 (Wed.) A Peace Note from President Wilson is communicated to the belligerents (see Dec. 25). Dec. 21 (Thur.) Sinai Peninsula:—The British occupy El Arish. The British destroyer Negro is sunk by collision in the North Sea. Dec. 23 (Sat.) Sinai Peninsula:—The British capture the strong Turkish position of Magdhaba, near the Syrian border: 1300 prisoners and 7 guns are taken. Dec. 25 (Mon.) Germany replies to President Wilson's Peace Note, ignoring his request for the statement of terms but proposing that Peace Delegates should be summoned immediately. Dec. 26 (Tues.) General Joffre is created a Marshal of France. The British take over more trench-line on the Western Front. Roumania:—The Germans capture Rimnic-Sarat. Dec. 27 (Wed.) The French battleship Gaulois is sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean. Dec. 28 (Thur.) Roumania:—Further German successes at Rimnic-Sarat: 10,000 prisoners are taken. Dec. 29 (Fri.) Rasputin, the notorious Russian monk, is assassinated. Dec. 30 (Sat.) The Allies reply to the German peace proposals, which they describe as empty and insincere, with a direct negative (see Dec. 12 and 18). |
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