PART I THE INVESTIGATION OF OLD AGE I THE PROBLEMS OF SENILITY PART II LONGEVITY IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM I THEORIES OF LONGEVITY PART III INVESTIGATIONS ON NATURAL DEATH I NATURAL DEATH AMONG PLANTS PART IV SHOULD WE TRY TO PROLONG HUMAN LIFE? I THE BENEFIT TO HUMANITY PART V PSYCHICAL RUDIMENTS IN MAN I RUDIMENTARY ORGANS IN MAN PART VI SOME POINTS IN THE HISTORY OF SOCIAL ANIMALS I THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE RACE PART VII PESSIMISM AND OPTIMISM I PREVALENCE OF PESSIMISM PART VIII GOETHE AND FAUST I GOETHE'S YOUTH PART IX SCIENCE AND MORALITY I UTILITARIAN AND INTUITIVE MORALITY Transcriber’s Note: THE PROLONGATION OF LIFEOPTIMISTIC STUDIES BY ÉLIE METCHNIKOFF SUB-DIRECTOR OF THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE, PARIS THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION EDITED BY P. CHALMERS MITCHELL G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS |