Avens. Geum Urbanum. Herb Bennet. Flower Yellow. Perennial. Roots scented like cloves, sudorific, tonic, antipodagric stomachic. When young the roots give a pleasant flavour to ale. They are said to be useful in diarrhoea.

Benjamin. Styrax Benzoin. A gum exuded from a species of laurel. Stimulant. Is the principal ingredient in Friar’s Balsam.

Bole Armeniack. Armenian Bole. Several minerals were formerly used in medicine under this name. The Armenian Bole of the present day is usually made by mixing pipe-clay or common chalk with oxide of iron or red ochre.

Cardomum. Elettaria Cardamomum. Amomum Repens. Repens. True Cardamom. Seeds, stimulant, assisting digestion, largely used in medicine. Strong, pungent, but aromatic odour when bruised.

Cardus. Cardunus is probably this herb, and there is a great variety. It is evidently one of the Thistles, or the Artichoke.

Comming Seed. Cumin. Cyminum Cumin. Seeds carminative, smell disagreeable, chiefly used in veterinary medicine.

Crab’s Eyes, or Crafish Eyes. Concretions found in the stomach of the river Crawfish. They are white, and resemble in appearance miniature mushrooms. They vary in size from a quarter to five-eights of an inch in diameter. Formerly used as absorbents and antacids. Only to be found to-day in Museums. Prepared chalk used instead.

Cubibs. Cubebs. Piper Cubebae. A pepper, contains an oil largely used in medicine. Aromatic, pungent, stimulant, and purgative.

Dyascordirum. Diascordium. An electuary which was formerly in high repute as an antipestilential. The Swedish Pharmacopeia of 1845 had a formula for this, and the principal ingredient was Herb of Water Germander (Teucrium Scordium).

Egremony. This evidently must be Agrimony. Agrimonia Eupatoria. Flower yellow. Perennial. Herb used in gargles, also as tea. Celebrated as a vermifuge.

Enul-Campane. Inula Helenium. After Officinalis Elecampane. Flower Yellow. Perennial. Moist pastures. Root aromatic, slightly bitter, tonic, diaphoretic, stomachic. A decoction of the root used as an application in several cutaneous diseases, especially those attended with a troublesome itching.

Fair Water. The Oxford English Dictionary, edited by Dr. J. A. H. Murray, defines fair water as “clean, pure.”

Ffilipendula. Spiraea Filipendula. Flower white, tipped with pink. July. Perennial. Herb astringent, and diuretic. Roots dried and powdered used for bread in famine. Tonic.

Flowers of Tussica. Can this be Coltsfoot? ?Tuffilago Farfara. Used still as an expectorant in coughs.

Fumetory. Fumitory-Corydalis. Capnoides. Flower yellow. Very opening, refreshing, used in cutaneous diseases.

Gallbanum, plaizsters of. A plaister made of Gum Galbanum, Lead Plaister, Turpentine, and Frankincense, nearly but not quite obsolete. Still used in some country districts. The formula was published in the London Pharmacopeia of 1851.

Gwacombewood. Guaiacum Officinale. Lignum vitae tree. Wood resinous, hot, aromatic, diaphoretic, diuretic. Has been used in dropsy and gout. Is still used in the Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla.

Isope Water. Hyssop Water.

Lapis Calaminary. Lapis Calaminaris. Calamine. A native impure carbonate of zinc. Largely used in lotions for all skin diseases. Nearly all the old cooling lotions for the face contained this ingredient, generally with rose water and glycerine.

Lietheriegie of Gold. A name for Protoxide of Lead. Litharze, the basis of lead plaister.

Mellilot. Melilotus Officinalis. Yellow Melilot. Herb pectoral, discussive, causes the peculiar flavour of the Schabziger or scraped cheese of Germany. Decoction emolient. Still used in country places in plaisters, but dying out.

Methridate. Mithridate or Damocrates Confection. An example of Poly-Pharmacy, it contained between 40 and 50 ingredients, and was supposed to contain the antidote to every known poison. The formula was included in the London Pharmacopeia of 1746.

Mirobalence. Myrobalanus belerica. Fruit dried and used as an astringent. Used in India, but not much in this country, except as a substitute for Galls in ink manufacture.

Muskadine. Muscardine. A fungus which grows on silk worms, or Muscadine, which was a rich spiced wine.

Oyle of Benn. Oil of Ben. An oil obtained from the seeds of Moringa Aptera (Egypt and East India), used in perfumery and by watchmakers, as it does not readily freeze.

Purslawe Water. Probably Purslane. Portulaca Oleracea. Used as a potherb, cooling, useful in scurvy, and bilious disorders.

Red Sanders. Red Sandal Wood. Pterocarpus Santalinus. Resinous, odoriferous, austere, astringent, tonic, used as a red colouring ingredient in spirituous tinctures.

Sanicle. Sanicula Europaea. Wood Sanicle. Flowers white. May—June Perennial. Leaves vulnerary, cleaning.

Scordiumwood. Scordium is the Teucrium Scordium, or Water Germander. Flowers pale purple. Perennial. Found in wet meadows, rare.

Seynac. Probably meant for Senna. Leaves a very welknown purgative.

Sneezing Powder Root. This is either Achillea Ageratum, Sweet Maudlin, or Ptarmica Vulgaris. Achillea Ptarmica Sneezewort.

Spermint. Mentha Viridis. Spearmint. The ordinary garden mint. The oil used in medicine. Spirits Diambra. Spirits of Diambar. The name of a stomachic and cordial, which consisted of Amber, Musk, various aromatics, and other ingredients.

Storax. Styrax Officinale. A fragrant resinous balsam obtained from the tree by incision. A close relative of Gum Benzoin, and is with it an ingredient of Friar’s Balsam.

Tormentil. Potentilla Tormentilla. Sept-foil. Root very astringent, febrifuge, and not stimulant. Recommended in some cases of diarrhoea.