A History of the British Army, Vol. 2 / First Part - to the Close of the Seven Years' War

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Commons Journals, 18th April 1713. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 29th July 1712, 23rd July 1715. H. O. M. E. B., 26th July 1715. Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 25th October 1715.

[2] But I can give no authority for the restoration of the 6th, 14th, 28th, and 29th Foot, excepting their reappearance on the active list before the rest.

[3] Newton's, Tyrrell's, Churchill's, Rich's, Molesworth's, and Stanhope's. Millan gives the names of six more, which, however, seem to have begun and ended with the appointment of the colonel.

[4] Stanwix's, Dubourgay's, Lucas's, Pocock's, Hotham's. Here again Millan gives a list of eight more, whose names never appeared on the estimates.

[5] Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 23rd July 1715. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 25th July 1715.

[6] H. O. M. E. B., 12th March 1719.

[7] Carpenter's force consisted of the 4th Hussars, Molesworth's and Churchill's dragoons. Wills on the west coast had the 2nd Dragoon Guards, 9th Lancers, 11th, 13th and 14th Hussars, 23rd, 26th and 27th Foot. Argyll's regiments at Stirling in October were the Greys, 3rd, 4th and 7th Hussars, and 6th Dragoons, the 11th, 16th, 21st, 25th and Grant's Foot. Newspapers, 6th October 1715.

The casualties at Sheriffmuir were 23 officers and 354 men killed, 11 officers and 142 men wounded. Flying Post, 3rd December 1715.

[8] The regiments present were the 11th, 14th, and 15th Foot, and some foreign troops. The casualties of the English were 1 officer and 14 men killed, 6 officers and 73 men wounded. The total loss of the force was 21 killed, 119 wounded. Newspapers.

[9] The Sir Richard Temple of Marlborough's wars.

[10] The troops employed were one battalion from each regiment of Guards, the 3rd, 19th, 24th, 28th, 33rd, 34th, and 37th Foot.

[11] A rough woodcut of the funeral procession is still preserved in the print-room at the British Museum.

[12] The famous burial-service was composed for the occasion.

[13] Stanley's Westminster Abbey.

[14] Full details of the ceremony are in all the contemporary newspapers.

[15] Weekly Journal, 9th January 1720.

[16] Speech of Sir William Yonge, January 1738, Parl. Hist.

[17] Parl. Hist. 28th November 1739.

[18] See Walpole's Speech, December 1717, Parl. Hist.

[19] Even so, however, regiments of dragoons did not exceed 332, nor battalions of infantry 655 men.

[20] Parl. Hist.

[21] Parl. Hist. 1717.

[22] Gazette, 11th January 1714-15. Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 30th June 1715. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 17th October 1724, 29th June 1725.

[23] Commons Journals, vol. xviii. p. 708, anno 1718. I may mention that in Article 29 is the first use of the word reveillÉ that I have encountered in an English official work.

[24] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 5th April 1716.

[25] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 5th November 1725, February 1726.

[26] I am aware that he is popularly supposed to have been in the Blues, but his first commission was in the 1st or King's Dragoon Guards, then the Second Horse. Hence the "terrible cornet of Horse."

[27] Parl. Hist., vol. xiv. p. 479. The succession of Secretaries-at-War during this period was as follows: William Pulteney, 1714; James Craggs, April 1717; Robert Pringle, May 1718; George Treby, December 1718; Henry Pelham, April 1724; Sir William Strickland, May 1730; Sir William Yonge, May 1735.

[28] Mountains of such letters, absolutely worthless, are preserved in the Record Office. H. O. Mil. Papers.

[29] A flagrant instance of the inconvenience came to light in 1729, when the discipline of the Army was for a time suspended because the Duke of Newcastle would not take the trouble to countersign the King's orders for holding courts-martial. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 14th April 1729.

[30] I give as a specimen the quarters of Pembroke's Horse (1st D. G.): 3 troops Newbury, 2 Farnham, 1 Alton, 1 Henley, 1 Oakingham, 1 Maidenhead. Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), vol. cccxxv. p. 147.

[31] Wade's speech, Parl. Hist., 1741. We find, however, that the town of Berwick was sensible enough to ask for barracks in 1717. Warrant Books, vol. lii. p. 314. Edinburgh also petitioned later that some might be built in the Canongate. Ibid., vol. lv., 24th April 1729.

[32] Parl. Hist., Pulteney's speeches, 1741, 1742.

[33] Weekly Journal, 14th April 1722. The sentiments of this organ are shown by the following quotations: "Military men above all should be set aside [as candidates for election]. Those who are bred up in the notion that plunder is lawful must make very hopeful stewards of your liberties."

[34] See Boswell's Life of Johnson. "Johnson. Why, sir, if the lodgings should be yours, you may certainly use them as you think fit. So, sir, you may quarter two life-guardsmen upon him, or you may send the greatest scoundrel you can find into your apartments, or you may say that you want to make some experiments in natural philosophy, and burn a large quantity of assafoetida in his house." The inclusion of the life-guardsmen in the same category with the greatest scoundrels and with assafoetida is instructive.

[35] E.g. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 13th December 1716, 10th January, 14th February and 14th June 1717.

[36] Ibid., 11th October 1715, 13th August 1717.

[37] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 19th February 1717.

[38] Ibid., 24th July 1735.

[39] Ibid., 24th December 1715.

[40] Ibid., 13th January 1733.

[41] Ibid., 16th November 1734. The offenders were two enterprising officers of the 31st Foot.

[42] Ibid., 21st August 1717.

[43] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 21st August 1717.

[44] Ibid., 20th July 1720.

[45] Ibid., 22nd July 1731.

[46] Ibid., 9th May 1727.

[47] Ibid., 15th November 1726.

[48] Frequent instances in the Secretary's Common Letter Book.

[49] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 14th June 1717.

[50] Ibid., 9th December 1718, 2nd January 1719.

[51] Ibid., 15th May 1721.

[52] Ibid., 29th April 1725, 25th August 1729, and frequently.

[53] Ibid., 28th August 1733.

[54] See e.g. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 28th June 1720.

[55] Ibid., 6th July 1733.

[56] Ibid., 30th April 1730.

[57] Ibid., 22nd February 1725.

[58] Ibid., 27th April 1725.

[59] Ibid., 24th April 1728. George II. quickly put a stop to this.

[60] See Lord Stair's complaints on this head during the campaign of 1742, infra.

[61] Parl. Hist.

[62] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 14th April 1716.

[63] Thus Lord Barrymore included in the price of his regiment £3500 as a debt for clothing, and £2362 "lost by an agent." Secretary's Common Letter Book, 15th June 1715. Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 10th March 1722.

[64] A printed copy of the Regulations will be found in H. O. War Office Papers, vol. i. (R. O.)

[65] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 11th October 1715, 11th August 1716.

[66] Ibid., 8th July, 20th September 1717.

[67] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 27th August 1717.

[68] Ibid., 17th July 1717. Most, if not all of them, however, seem to have been reinstated.

[69] Mahon's History of England, vol. ii. p. 291.

[70] The severity with which men meted out punishment to a comrade varied very greatly. If they really meant to punish him, the strongest man could hardly stand up to receive the whole of his sentence. See the account of a man who drew his sword on a woman and wounded her. Weekly Journal, 4th April 1730.

[71] As to flogging round the fleet, see the first chapters of Marryat's The King's Own.

[72] Secretary's Common Letter Book and Newspapers, passim. The Weekly Journal of 21st July 1739 gives an instance of a deserter who had received five hundred lashes from the 1st Guards, as many from the Coldstreams, and as many from the 3rd Guards, and had been whipped in addition out of three marching regiments.

[73] See an account of a deserter shot by three fellow-deserters. Weekly Journal, 7th May 1720.

[74] There was such a rush to see the first infliction of picketing that several spectators were injured. Daily Post, 9th July 1739. The punishment consisted in hanging up a man by one wrist, with no rest for his bare feet but a pointed stake.

[75] Secretary Treby instructs officers to remit part of a flogging lest the prisoner should be too severely handled, "to prevent the reflections which might be cast upon the Government by malicious people who would be glad of such occasions." The offence was cursing the King, and the sentence was to run the gantlope of the whole regiment sixteen times, the punishment to be divided between two days. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 23rd August 1723.

[76] Postboy, 17th December 1822.

[77] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 10th October 1726.

[78] Daily Post, 13th March 1738. The King instituted "visiting rounds" every two hours in consequence. Ibid., 21st September 1738.

[79] See a letter to the Craftsman, 6th March 1731.

[80] To give but one instance. In 1683 a negro in Barbadoes, who ventured to say to his mistress that some day the blacks would beat the whites, was burned alive. I remember also to have seen in the newspapers an account of the repression of a negro insurrection in Antigua, I think about 1713. The minor offenders were burned alive, and the ringleaders hung up in cages to starve. The references I have unfortunately lost, but I am sure of the facts.

[81] Cal. S. P., Col., vol. i. pp. 30, 113, 155, 430. As to trepanning and spiriting, see Ibid., 1681-1685, Index, White Servants; and compare the story told by George Primrose in the Vicar of Wakefield.

[82] See the letters of Henry Cromwell in Thurloe's State Papers.

[83] In the first Parliament of Richard Cromwell. See Burton's Diary.

[84] The same system still obtains in respect of indentured coolies imported into the tropical colonies from the East Indies. They are, however, protected by stringent statutory regulations and under the care of a highly paid officer, called the Protector of Immigrants.

[85] E.g. Barbados, Cal. S. P., Col. (1661-1668), p. 530.

[86] See the complaints of Governor Stapleton. Cal. S. P., Col., 1678-1680, and 1681-1685.

[87] As, for instance, in the Virginian rebellion of 1682. See Cal. S. P., Col. (1681-1685), Nos. 531, 546.

[88] Afterwards James II.

[89] Collingwood's, afterwards disbanded.

[90] The first of the surviving regiments to go to the West Indies were the 12th, 22nd, and 27th.

[91] Drafted from the 22nd Foot on its return to England.

[92] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 25th October 1737.

[93] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 5th December 1730.

[94] Warrant Books, 18th December 1716. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 30th September 1742.

[95] Warrant Books (1723), vol. viii. p. 339.

[96] Governor Kane, Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 1729.

[97] Cal. Treas. Papers (1714), p. 12.

[98] Jamaica, by a local Act, granted an allowance of provisions to all ranks. Antigua, in 1739, offered not only barracks, but light, fuel, and additional pay to all ranks, with a bounty or a free passage home, and a Chelsea pension to every man at the close of ten years' service.

[99] The 38th Foot remained in the West Indies for nearly sixty years, 1716-1765. The 40th Foot was continuously on foreign service from 1717-1763. The 13th Foot went to Gibraltar in 1710 and remained there twenty-eight years; the 9th served at Gibraltar and Minorca from 1718-1746; the 17th from 1723-1748; the 18th from 1718-1742. Instances might be multiplied.

[100] Parl. Hist., 27th January 1742.

[101] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 1729.

[102] Inoculation was, of course, already in practice, but as yet confined only to the wealthier classes.

[103] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 23rd September 1720, 18th December 1739.

[104] Ibid., 8th January 1729, 31st July 1731 (Minorca).

[105] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 4th October 1720, 14th December 1726.

[106] Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 2nd April 1735 (Minorca).

[107] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 1729.

[108] See e.g. ibid., 22nd February 1728, 20th September 1742.

[109] Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), vol. dxxvii. pp. 26-41, 18th May 1743.

[110] A great number of Borgard's letters will be found at the Record Office, F.O. Mil. Aux. Expeditions, 1707-1713.

[111] Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 12th May 1725.

[112] Stewart (Highland Clans) ignores these earlier companies of 1710-1717, and gives the date of the new companies as 1727 or 1729, and their number at six. The order, however, is dated as above, and the number given is four, but the estimates provide for six, and the Home Office Military Entry Book, 1st June 1725, mentions three Highland and three garrison companies.

[113] London Daily Post, 30th November 1739.

[114] One of the two, John Campbell, was killed later at Ticonderoga, having reached the rank of captain.

[115] Oglethorpe's, at Carolina, ranked until disbandment as the Forty-second.

[116] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 25th July, 7th August 1716.

[117] Ibid., 18th September 1718.

[118] Ibid., 1st December 1724.

[119] Home Office Military Entry Book, 9th May 1726.

[120] Weekly Journal, 26th April 1718.

[121] Ibid., 29th April 1718.

[122] Ibid., 30th October 1727.

[123] Weekly Journal, 6th July 1728.

[124] Fog's Weekly Journal, 22nd March 1729.

[125] Ibid., 11th November 1747.

[126] Newspapers, February 1732.

[127] Pitt's first commission bears date 9th February 1731, Cornet in Cobham's Horse (1st Dragoon Guards). As to the veterans, see London Daily Post, 19th January 1740, account of John Holland, who had served in all Cromwell's wars, also under Charles II. and James II., through all King William's wars, and through Marlborough's until 1708, when he was discharged. He, aged one hundred and five, and his wife, aged eighty-five, were found dead in their bed, supposed from cold, at Moyard, in Ireland. See also London Daily Post, 19th July 1736, account of an old cavalier, aged one hundred and twenty-three, still living at Ribchester, Lancs, who had had two horses shot under him and had been wounded in the arm at Edgehill. See also in Secretary's Common Letter Book, 15th February 1731, mention of William Hasland, aged one hundred and eleven, who had fought at Edgehill and with King William in Flanders, and was now granted a Chelsea pension of a shilling a day.

[128] Parl. Hist., 14th February 1739.

[129] Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 12th June, 27th August 1739.

[130] Daily Post, 18th August 1739.

[131] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 19th June, 9th October 1739.

[132] Parl. Hist., 21st and 28th November 1739.

[133] Miscellaneous Orders (Guards and Garrisons), 29th November 1739. Millan gives the dates as the seven consecutive days from the 17th to the 22nd November.

[134] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 21st December 1739, 13th January 1740. Nine regiments turned over half of their men, and a tenth regiment turned over more than one-third.

[135] Cathcart to Newcastle, 1st April 1740.

[136] Cathcart to Newcastle, 17th June 1740. The regiment was the 27th Foot. Cathcart's description of the recruits is pithy: "They may be useful a year hence, but at present they have not strength to handle their arms." The fatuity of the proceedings cannot be appreciated unless it be remembered that the transfer of every man from one regiment to another entailed also a transfer of cash, and an adjustment of regimental accounts (on an extremely complicated system) between regiment and regiment, to say nothing of the primary evils of drafting.

[137] Cathcart to Newcastle, 25th July 1740.

[138] Ibid.

[139] The six new regiments of marines, 15th and 24th of the Line.

[140] Cathcart to Newcastle, 14th September, 12th October 1740.

[141] The disease was induced, according to his secretary, by an overdose of Epsom salts.

[142] Blakeney to Newcastle, 14th December; Gooch to Newcastle, 8th December 1740.

[143] Wentworth to Newcastle, 9th and 20th January 1741.

[144] Ibid., 20th January 1741.

[145] Vernon to the Admiralty, 24th February 1741.

[146] Vernon and Ogle to Wentworth, 11th to 22nd March 1741.

[147] Wentworth to Newcastle, 31st March 1741.

[148] Vernon to Newcastle, 26th April 1741 (enclosures).

[149] A French buccaneer who captured Carthagena in 1697.

[150] Wentworth to Newcastle, 26th April 1741.

[151] Vernon to Newcastle, 30th May 1741.

[152] Wentworth to Newcastle, 26th April 1741.

[153] Return of 30th May 1741.

[154] Wentworth to Newcastle, 20th December 1741.

[155] Ibid., 1st March 1742. Return of 20th January to 23rd February: Dead, of the four old regiments 109, of the three new regiments 165, of the Americans 99.

[156] Wentworth to Newcastle, 31st March 1742.

[157] Of Wolfe's regiment only ninety-six officers and men returned to England, these representing the survivors not of that regiment only, but of another that had been drafted into it.

[158] Carlyle, Frederick the Great, vol. iii. p. 396.

[159] Stair to Carteret, May 14 25 , 18 29 ; June 1 12 , 4 15 , 12 23 , 19 30 , 1742.

[160] Stair to Carteret, July 23 August 3.

[161] Carteret to Stair, July 30 August 10, August 10 21 .

[162] Stair to Carteret, October 20 31 ; Carteret to Stair, August 7 18 , 8 19 .

[163] Stair to Carteret, September 6 17 , 10 21 , 14 25 .

[164] Ibid., October 1 12 .

[165] Ibid., November 3 14 , 13 24 , November 23 December 4.

[166] Stair to Carteret, December 4 15 , 9 20 .

[167] Ibid., December 4 15 , 1742; January 5 16 , 1743.

[168] Ibid., January 19 30 , January 22 February 2.

[169] Ibid., February 9 20 .

[170] Ibid., February 16 27 . The Guards set the example.

[171] Carteret to Stair, March 11 22 .

[172] Ibid., March 29 April 9.

[173] Stair to Carteret, May 4 15 .

[174] Carteret to Stair, May 18 29 , May 23 June 3 , May 27 June 7 , May 30 June 10 ; Stair to Carteret, May 23 June 3 , May 27 June 7 , May 31 June 11 , June 2 13 . I have entered into some detail over Stair's part in the campaign, since he is charged, even by Lord Mahon, with the responsibility for the situation of the army just before Dettingen. "Lord Stair, whose military genius, never very bright, was rusted with age, appears to have committed blunder on blunder." Vol. iii. p. 218.

[175] Maison du Roi.

[176] MÉmoires de Noailles.

[177] Honeywood to Carteret, Jan. 7 18 , Ligonier to Carteret, March 21 April 1 , 1744.

[178] Ligonier to Carteret, April 29 May 10.

[179] Wade to Carteret, May 30 June 10 , June 25 July 6.

[180] Carteret to Wade, May 25 June 5.

[181] Carteret to Wade, July 13 24 , 17 28 .

[182] Ibid., July 31 Aug. 11, Aug. 14 25 , 17 28 .

[183] Wade to Carteret, Aug. 26 Sept. 6.

[184] Ibid., Aug. 19 Sept. 30, Aug. 25 Sept. 9, Sept. 16 27 , Sept. 22 Oct. 3, Oct. 1 12 , 10 21 .

[185] Ligonier to Carteret, July 31 Aug. 11, 1744.

[186] Ligonier to Harrington, Jan. 29 Feb. 9, Feb. 6 17 , 1745.

[187] Gazette, Feb. 23 March 6, March 1 12 , 1745.

[188] Cumberland to Harrington, April 1 12 , 12 23 .

[189] The ground immediately before Fontenoy presents for fully eight hundred yards a gentle and unbroken slope. An officer who went over the ground with me assured me that Mars la Tour itself does not offer a more perfect natural glacis for modern rifle-fire.

[190] Every one knows the legend of "Messieurs les Gardes FranÇaises, tirez les premiers." "Non, messieurs, nous ne tirons jamais les premiers." But every English account agrees that the French fired first, long before the question had been raised, and I take the authority of Ligonier (who drew up the official account) as final. He says distinctly, "We received their fire."

[191] Campagnes des Pays Bas.

[192] Ligonier to Harrington, May 5 16 . Cumberland to Harrington, May 11 22 .

[193] Fawkener to Harrington, July 19 30 .

[194] General Bligh to Cumberland, June 28 July 9.

[195] Cumberland to Harrington, July 2 13 .

[196] Ibid., July 14 25 .

[197] Ligonier to Harrington, July 14 25 .

[198] Harrington to Cumberland, Sept. 4 15 ; Oct. 1 12 , 19 30 .

[199] Cope's letters, July 3 13 , 9 20 ; Aug. 3 17 1745.

[200] Ibid., Aug. 11 22 1745.

[201] Ibid., Aug. 13 24 .

[202] Cope to Guise, Aug. 17 Sept. 7 1745.

[203] Cope, Aug. 31 Sept. 11 1745.

[204] The garrison consisted of twelve men under Sergeant Mulloy. The sergeant's despatch to Cope, dated August 30, is still extant, and worthy of a place in a military museum, were there such an institution.

[205] The carelessness in breaking horses to fire-arms at that time was remarkable. The first charge of the Blues at Dettingen was said to have failed because the horses were uncontrollable; and both the King's and the Duke of Cumberland's chargers ran away with them.

[206] Miscellaneous Orders, 25th September 1745.

[207] Ibid., 6th September 1745.

[208] These words were printed in the margins of the newspapers for weeks.

[209] H.O.M.E.B., 8th November; Secretary's Common Letter Book, 28th September, 27th November 1745.

[210] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 9th October 1745.

[211] It consisted of the 13th, 27th, 34th Foot, 2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards, 8th Dragoons. Miscellaneous Orders, 25th September 1745.

[212] The whole of the letters written at this time were intercepted, and lie in a confused bundle in the Record Office. The most remarkable among them are those of Grant of Glenmoriston to his wife, bidding her double the rents of all deserters who had returned home, and to oust them from their holdings. There is also a love-letter from a sergeant, whom I take to have been a deserter from the English garrison at Fort Augustus, which I print as a curiosity:—

"Muslebrogh, Oct. 30 1745. Dr Love I received your letter which I was vary glad to hear that you was in good health. I sa[w] Janet my ant and I did not get the letter you sent with Allan Royson. Alexander McLean your ant['s] son was asking the letter to read it but I wold not give hime it for fear that if (sic) he wold go soonner home and that he wold be casting it up to you as to a foole. It is a thing that is impossible to me to get because we are in oppinion every day to marge [march] on to England and [I] being a serjant and having the truble of the company—And God know how soon I can present my love to you, and nevertheless my love is as constant to you as it was formerly, and being in a bade [bad] condition every night and day, minding [remembering] you and your kindness and pleasant company. And I am in very good health since I wrott the last letter and nothing els [ails] me but the wanting of you, and I hope in God we shall make all things complete if I shall ever return. I am your most obedient love Duncan McGillise. Give my service to your children." Addressed, "Margrat McDonell in the cantain within the baraks of Fortugustus [Fort Augustus]."

I have preserved the spelling of the sergeant, but have perforce added punctuation, which is absolutely wanting in the original.

[213] Gray's (the poet's) letters, 3rd Feb. 1746.

[214] Hawley's letter, 7th January 1746.

[215] "Everything I have looked into appears more like jobs, than to be properly disposed." Handasyde's letter, 21st November 1745.

[216] Hawley to Harrington, 10th, 11th, 13th January 1746.

[217] Hawley to Newcastle, 19th January 1746.

[218] I take it that the effect of Prestonpans on the troops was much the same as that of the disaster of Isandhlwana in 1879, when most of the reinforcements sent out after the action were very young troops. Compare the case of Braddock's disaster. Post.

[219] Hawley to Newcastle, 29th January 1746.

[220] Cumberland to Newcastle, 3rd February. "I thought it best to let the soldiers a little loose, with proper precautions, that they might have some sweets after all their fatigue. I have posted twenty dragoons on lady Perth and threatened to burn down the Castle unless Perth releases our officers."

[221] Lord Stair to Cumberland, 10th March 1746.

[222] Dunmore to Harrington, Jan. 20 31 , Jan. 27 Feb. 7, Feb. 12 23 .

[223] Ligonier to Harrington, July 1 12 1746.

[224] Ligonier to Harrington, July 9 20 , 13 24 , 16 27 .

[225] Ibid., July 23 Aug. 3, Aug. 2 13 .

[226] Ligonier to Harrington, Aug. 9 20 , 19 30 , Aug. 26 Sept. 6, Sept. 4 15 .

[227] Ligonier to Harrington, Sept. 24 Oct. 5, Sept. 28 Oct. 9.

[228] Ligonier to Harrington, Sept. 28 Oct. 9, Oct. 20 31 .

[229] 1st, 15th, 28th, 30th, 39th, and 42nd Foot.

[230] Cumberland to Harrington, Feb. 6 17 , March 20 31 , March 24 April 4.

[231] Cumberland to Chesterfield, May 1 12 , 9 20 .

[232] Cumberland blamed the Austrian General, Baroney, and his irregulars for supine negligence on the march. Cumberland to Chesterfield, July 6 17 1747.

[233] The regiments present at Lauffeld were the Greys, 4th Hussars, Inniskillings, 7th Hussars, and Cumberland's dragoons, one battalion each of the 1st and 3rd Guards, 3rd, 4th, 13th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 32nd, 33rd, 36th, 37th, 48th Foot. The two last had no casualties.

[234] Cumberland to Newcastle, March 18 29 , March 22 April 2, March 25 April 6.

[235] Bruce's Annals of the East India Company, vol. ii. pp. 125, 129, 152, 153, 156.

[236] Colonel Malleson (French in India, p. 306), commenting on this action, says that Clive "allowed his dislike of the great French statesman to stifle his more generous instincts." Surely if Dupleix erected this city (as undoubtedly was the case) as much for the impression that it would create in the native mind as for gratification of his personal vanity, Clive would have been wrong if he had not razed it. If it was French policy to build such a city, it was undoubtedly English policy to pull it down, and generosity has no place in the question. It is absurd to treat Dupleix Futtehabad as though it were a bridge of Jena or a column of Rossbach.

[237] Acadia is, and always was, a vague geographical term. The name when first used comprised the territory between latitude 40° and 46°.

[238] Cal. S. P., Col., 1632, p. 139.

[239] Acadia included Nova Scotia and more.

[240] The boundaries of New England were defined by the fortieth and forty-fifth degrees of latitude.

[241] Massachusetts, New Haven, Plymouth, Connecticut.

[242] The English always laid claim to the country as far north as the St Croix; the French, on the other hand, claimed it as far south as the Kennebec. This difference as to the true boundary of Acadia was one of the many points of friction between the two nations.

[243] It was recaptured by the Dutch in 1673 but restored to England by the treaty of 1674.

[244] The reader may also recall the case of Whalley the regicide, who fled to Massachusetts after the Restoration. See the Note to Scott's Peveril of the Peak, chap. xiv.

[245] Palfrey. History of New England, vol. iii. p. 434.

[246] The contingents were Massachusetts, 350 men; Virginia, 250; Maryland, 160; Connecticut, 120; Rhode Island, 48; Pennsylvania, 80; Virginia and Maryland commuted their obligations for a sum of money. Parkman. Frontenac, p. 408.

[247] Quoted by Parkman. Half a Century of Conflict, vol. i. p. 155.

[248] The narrative, told with admirable vividness and humour, may be found in Parkman, Half a Century of Conflict, vol. ii.

[249] Warren's letter, 4th July 1745.

[250] 900 men were buried out of 2500.

[251] Holderness to Dinwiddie, 18th January 1754. Parkman, vol. i. p. 162.

[252] Holderness to Dinwiddie, 5th July 1754.

[253] Order of 30th September 1754. Record Office, America and W. I., vol. lxxiv.

[254] Horace Walpole's instances of Braddock's rough manners are well known, but the following, I think, is new. An officer had been foisted upon Braddock on his appointment to the command, whom (in order to be rid of him) he placed in command of a small provincial fort at Cape Fear. Governor Dobbs of Carolina having complained of this officer, Braddock replied "that the man had been imposed upon him, that he would not trust him with the building of a hog-sty, and that the best thing Dobbs could do would be to hang him on the first tree he could find." The story is told in a letter of Governor Dobbs to General Amherst of 28th August 1762. Record Office, W. O., Original Correspondence, vol. xiii.

[255] These, while they lasted, ranked as 51st and 52nd of the Line.

[256] Braddock to Robinson, 18th March 1755.

[257] Parkman.

[258] Parkman.

[259] Shirley to Newcastle, 5th Nov. 1755. He assigns this as one of the causes of the subsequent disaster.

[260] Compare the utter helplessness of the French at Wynendale, who made no effort to clear the woods on their flanks, and the confusion of the forest-fighting at Malplaquet.

[261] Washington's own expression, in his letter of 18th July 1755.

[262] Probably of the 40th Foot, but possibly of the 45th.

[263] Not to be confounded with the Wood Creek on Lake Champlain.

[264] Intercepted letter in Col. Papers (America and West Indies), vol. lxxxi. March 1756.

[265] Walpole.

[266] Twenty battalions of the Line raised to a strength of a thousand men each; eleven regiments of cavalry augmented; two new companies added to the Artillery. Miscellaneous Orders, 15th October 1755. Warrant Books, 21st October 1755.

[267] Order for raising them. Miscellaneous Orders, 7th January 1756.

[268] The 53rd, 54th and 57th. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 12th May 1756.

[269] Loudoun to Fox, 19th and 29th August 1756.

[270] Miscellaneous Orders, 20th Sept. 1756. The regiments thus augmented were as follows, the regiments made from their second battalions being added in brackets. 3rd (61st), 4th (62nd), 8th (63rd), 11th (64th), 12th (65th), 19th (66th), 20th (67th), 23rd (68th), 24th (69th), 31st (70th), 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 36th, 37th.

[271] Order for raising them, Miscellaneous Orders, 4th Jan. 1757.

[272] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 25th Jan. 1757.

[273] Ibid., 22nd Dec. 1756.

[274] Ibid., 21st Sept. 1756, 29th Jan. 1757. The regiments were the 2nd batt. 1st Foot, 17th, 27th, 28th, 43rd, 46th, 55th Foot.

[275] Warrant Books, 1st May 1756, 4th March 1757.

[276] So I gather from the countless letters on the subject in Secretary's Common Letter Book, Jan. and Feb. 1757.

[277] Loudoun to Fox, 25th Jan.; to Pitt, 25th April 1757.

[278] Pitt's instructions to General Hopson, 19th Feb.; Holderness to Loudoun, 8th April, 2nd May; Loudoun to Holderness, 5th August 1757.

[279] Loudoun to Pitt, 30th May 1757.

[280] The regiments were the 3rd, 5th, 8th, 15th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 30th, 50th, 51st.

[281] Pitt to Loudoun, 20th Dec. 1757.

[282] Abercromby's instructions, 30th Dec. 1757.

[283] Abercromby's instructions.

[284] The order of Amherst's force in brigades was as follows, the regiments being enumerated from right to left. Right Brigade (Whitmore), 1 batt. 1st Foot, 40th, 3rd batt. 60th, 48th, 22nd. Centre Brigade (Wolfe), 17th, 47th, 2nd batt. 60th, 35th. Left Brigade (Lawrence), 28th, 58th, Fraser's Highlanders, 45th, 15th.—Enclosure in Amherst's letter to Pitt, 11th June 1758.

[285] The 22nd, 28th, 40th and 45th.

[286] The 1st, 17th, 47th, 48th, Fraser's Highlanders.

[287] "I could not prevent the men from being filled with rum by the inhabitants." Amherst to Pitt, 18th September 1758.

[288] Forbes to Bouquet, 27th June; Washington to Bouquet, 3rd July 1758. Bouquet Papers, Add. M.S. 21640, 21641.

[289] Board of General Officers, Letter Book, vol. ccclx. p. 24.

[290] Horatio Gates to Bouquet, 8th September 1759. "Lord Howe was mistaken in cropping the Germans. Some, nay, many of them, would sooner have parted with their scalps than with their plaited tails to be trimmed a la sauvage." Bouquet Papers.

[291] Abercromby to Pitt, 8th September 1758.

[292] Stewart's Highlanders, vol. i. p. 296.

[293] Turpin's Essai sur la guerre. Forbes to Pitt, 17th June, 27th October 1758.

[294] Add. MS., 21643. Receipt for the rifles, 6th May; Stanwix to Bouquet, 25th May 1758.

[295] Ibid., 21632. Bouquet to Forbes, 20th August 1758.

[296] The troops were, one battalion from each regiment of Guards, the 5th, 8th, 20th, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 30th, 33rd, 34th, and 36th Foot; the light troops of nine dragoon regiments, three companies of artillery and a large siege-train.

[297] Holderness to Durand, 27th, 30th June.

[298] The troops were, the Blues, 1st and 3rd Dragoon Guards, Greys, Inniskillings, 10th Dragoons (now Hussars), 12th, 20th, 25th, 37th, 51st Foot, with one battalion of Invalids to garrison Emden.

[299] Three battalions of Guards, the 5th, 24th, 30th, 33rd, 34th, 36th, 67th, 68th, and the Duke of Richmond's Foot (then numbered 72nd).

[300] Memorials of the African Committee, 13th September 1753, and of the African Company, 21st February 1755.

[301] Then numbered the 74th.

[302] Then numbered the 76th.

[303] Worge to Pitt, 22nd October. "Sum of the transports are cum to Kinsale" (sic). Keppel to Pitt, 26th October 1758.

[304] The 3rd, 4th, 61st, 63rd, 64th, 65th. Miscellaneous Orders, 27th September, 10th October 1758.

[305] Now Fort de France.

[306] Journal in Hopson's letter to Pitt, 30th January 1759.

[307] Though I have searched multitudes of maps of all periods I have been unable to discover Arnouville in any of them. Its position, however, may be guessed by its relations to Mahault Bay.

[308] Coote's, which took rank as the 84th, was raised by order of 10th January 1759. Sebright's, raised in Ireland 14th October 1758, was numbered the 83rd.

[309] Pitt to Amherst, 29th December 1758; 23rd January, 10th March 1759.

[310] See his Regimental Orders, 1749-1755, collected in a little volume. My own copy is the 2nd edition, 1780.

[311] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 2nd October 1758.

[312] Lord Temple, who is the authority for the story, was careful to mention that Wolfe was perfectly sober.

[313] The distribution was as follows: Monckton's brigade, 15th, 43rd, 58th, Fraser's Highlanders. Townsend's brigade, 28th, 47th, 2/60th. Murray's Brigade, 35th, 48th, 3/60th.

[314] These regiments were the 22nd, 40th, and 45th.

[315] Wolfe to Pitt, 6th June 1759.

[316] The 44th, 46th, 4/60th and 2500 New York Provincials. Amherst to Pitt, 7th May 1759.

[317] Amherst to Gage, 28th July 1759.

[318] 1st Brigade, Colonel Forster, 27th, 55th, 1 batt. 1st; 2nd Brigade, Colonel Grant, 17th, Montgomery's Highlanders, 42nd Highlanders.

[319] Amherst to Barrington, 10th August (Bouquet Papers, Add., MS. 21644, 22nd Feb. 1759). Amherst had also introduced a new exercise for all regiments (Bouquet Papers, 21644, 20th Jan. 1759), but what it was I have been unable to discover; though it seems (Haldimand Papers, Add., MS. 21661, 3rd August 1760) that he formed the infantry sometimes in two ranks only, the rear-rank "locking up" to the front.

[320] 28th (300 men), 43rd, Howe's division of Light Infantry, 47th, 58th, 200 Highlanders.

[321] Afterwards Lord St. Vincent.

[322] 300 of the 15th, 240 grenadiers, 250 Highlanders, 200 Light Infantry, 400 of the 35th, 400 of the 60th. Total 1910.

[323] The grenadier-companies of the 22nd, 40th and 45th.

[324] It should seem that a second gun was brought up in the middle of the action.

[325] The brigades had been reconstituted on the 7th of September (see Wolfe's Orders), but the new order was not adhered to in the action.

[326] "There is no necessity for firing very fast: a cool well-levelled fire is much more destructive and formidable than the quickest fire in confusion." Wolfe's Orders, p. 49.

[327] The 28th.

[328] Killed—10 officers, 48 men; wounded—37 officers, 535 men.

[329] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 8th September 1759. 2150 drafts were sent.

[330] Whitmore (Louisburg) to Pitt, 22nd January 1759.

[331] Murray's Journal, 14th Nov. 1759. "So much drunkenness that I recalled all licences, and ordered every man found drunk to receive twenty lashes every morning until he acknowledged where he got the drink, and to forfeit his allowance of rum for six weeks."

[332] Murray's Journal, 14th, 17th, 24th December 1759.

[333] Murray to Pitt, 25th May 1759.

[334] A wounded Highland officer who had fought under Lord George Murray at Culloden was heard to ejaculate, "From April battles and Murray generals, Good Lord deliver us." Murray, who lacked neither humour nor generosity, came to see him next morning and wished him better deliverance and a different prayer in his next action.

[335] Pitt to Amherst, 7th January, 9th February 1760.

[336] 1st Royals and Montgomery's Highlanders. Amherst to Pitt, 8th March 1760.

[337] Amherst to Pitt, 21st June 1760.

[338] Amherst to Haviland, 12th June 1760.

[339] Amherst to Pitt, 18th Oct. 1760.

[340] Amherst to Pitt, 8th Sept. 1760.

[341] The tract is called an island because it is enclosed on the east by the Jelingeer and on the west by the Bagiruttee.

[342] Draper's, while it lasted, ranked as the 79th. It was composed chiefly of drafts from the 4th, 8th, and 24th, and was raised in November 1757.

[343] A battalion of five hundred men would have been in five divisions, each of one hundred.

[344] I am alive to the peril of a civilian who presumes to differ from a distinguished officer on so purely technical a matter as the manoeuvres preceding a general action, but it seems to me that Colonel Malleson has missed this point. Coote, so far as I can gather, not only forced Lally to fight but also to forego at least part of the advantages which he had prepared for himself. One would infer from Malleson's narrative that Lally adhered to the position which he had chosen from the first. "His left, thrown forward, resting on a tank and, supported by an entrenchment on the other side of it, formed an obtuse angle with his line and commanded the ground over which the enemy must pass." Orme's account, which is the fullest, is extremely confused; but he says distinctly that Lally was obliged to wheel round his right, which would necessarily imply that the left could no longer be thrown forward, and that the battery at the entrenched tank could no longer rake the whole of his front. And this I take to have been a principal object of Coote's manoeuvre. Again, the smaller tank, which in Lally's first position is spoken of as being in his left front, is described in the action as being in his rear (Orme), implying that Lally must have changed position half if not three-quarters left. Finally, Lawrence's Memoirs, though meagre on this point, speak distinctly of a first and second disposition of the French.

[345] Lally gives his Europeans as only 1350 infantry, and 150 cavalry.

[346] A regiment raised by Colonel Staates Long Morris, 13th October 1759. It held precedence, while it lasted, as the 89th.

[347] Warrant dated 10th March 1759.

[348] Holderness to Ferdinand, undated (before February), 1759.

[349] It is hardly necessary to recall to readers the story of the occupation of Frankfort in GoËthe's Dichtung und Wahrheit.

[350] Some British squadrons were present at this action but were not engaged.

[351] Ferdinand to Holderness, 21st June; Holderness to Ferdinand, 30th June, 3rd July 1759.

[352] Ferdinand to Holderness, 6th July 1759.

[353] "A n'en bouger plus" are Ferdinand's own words. His exasperation against Anhalt was evidently extreme.

[354] 81 officers, 1311 men.

[355] Mauvillon has a curious and striking passage on the subject.

[356] These regiments with their dates of formation are as follows: 85th, Crawfurd's Volunteers, 21st July 1759; 86th, Worge's (for Goree), 24th August 1759; 87th, Keith's Highlanders, 25th August 1759; 88th, Campbell's Highland Volunteers, 1st January 1760; 89th, Morris's Highlanders, 13th October 1759; 90th, Morgan's (Irish), 7th December 1759; 91st, Blayney's (Irish), 12th January 1760; 92nd, Gore's (Irish), 17th January 1760; 93rd, Bagshawe's (Irish), 17th January 1760; 94th, Vaughan's (Welsh), 12th January 1760; Campbell's Argyleshire Fencibles, 21st July 1759; Sutherland's Highlanders, 11th August 1757. These numbers, of course, disappeared at the close of the war, when the regiments were disbanded. The two last named were never numbered.

[357] They were Drogheda's (19th Light Dragoons), November 1759; Caldwell's (20th Light Dragoons), 12th January 1760; Granby's (21st Royal Foresters), 5th April 1760.

[358] Holderness to Ferdinand, 22nd January, 15th February, 2nd, 9th May, 6th June 1760. The regiments despatched were the 2nd, 6th and 7th Dragoon Guards; 1st, 7th, 11th Dragoons, and 15th Light Dragoons; the 5th, 8th, 11th, 24th, 33rd, 50th Foot. The 15th and 7th were not sent until June.

[359] Ferdinand to Holderness, 17th June 1760.

[360] The First Dragoon Guards went into this charge with ninety men and returned with twenty-four.

[361] Westphalen IV. 313, 353. The numbers are from official sources.

[362] Mauvillon. Granby to Holderness, 19th July 1760.

[363] Daulhatt's is set down as British in the official lists; but other evidence leads me to think that it included Hanoverian grenadiers also.

[364] These two regiments then ranked as the 87th and 88th.

[365] Tempelhof.

[366] Ferdinand to Holderness, 8th, 14th, 16th, 27th September 1760.

[367] The 11th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 33rd, 51st Foot; two battalions of grenadiers, two more of Highlanders; the 1st, 6th, and 10th Dragoons.

[368] À moi, Auvergne, voilÀ les ennemis.

[369] Bourcet.

[370] Mauvillon. Yet I find the British Guards with him on the Lippe in 1761.

[371] Hereditary Prince to Holderness, 19th October 1760.

[372] The new regiments were:— Burton's (95th), 10th December 1760; Monson's (96th), 20th January 1761; James Stuart's (97th), 24th January 1761; Grey's (98th), 27th January 1761; Byng's (99th), 16th March 1761; Colin Campbell's (100th), 4th May 1761.

[373] Miscellaneous Orders, 3rd October, 14th November 1760.

[374] Ibid., 24th January 1761.

[375] The troops were the whole, or detachments, of the 9th, 19th, 30th, 34th, 36th, 67th, 69th, Morgan's (then the 94th), Stuart's (then the 97th), Grey's (then the 98th); two troops of the 16th Light Dragoons, and three companies of Royal Artillery. Detachments of the 3rd, 36th, Crawford's (then 85th) and Boscawen's (then 75th) also arrived in May and June.

[376] Keppel to Admiralty, 18th April 1761.

[377] For example, eight British battalions were by March reduced to a joint total of 700 effective men. Ferdinand to Frederick, 23rd March 1761, Westphalen, v. 220.

[378] Johnston's (101st), Wedderburn's (102nd).

[379] Oswald's (103rd), 10th August 1761; Tonyn's (104th), 10th August 1761; Graeme's (105th), 15th October 1761; BarrÉ's (106th), 17th October 1761; Beauclerk's (107th), 16th October 1761; Macdougall's (108th), 17th October 1761; Nairn's (109th), 13th October 1761; Deakin's (110th), 14th October 1761; Markham's (112th), 16th October 1761; Hamilton's (113th), 17th October 1761; M'Lean's (114th), 18th October 1761; Crawford's (115th), 19th October 1761. The lists in the Army List and in the Miscellaneous Orders do not quite correspond. According to the former the 108th was John Scott's, and the 111th Warkworth's, both bearing date April 1762. But there was a corps formed under Macdougall as above, and another under Colonel Ogle in October 1761, which I take to be the 108th and 111th respectively.

[380] Pitt to Amherst, 7th June 1761.

[381] The force consisted of 300 of the garrison of Guadeloupe, 400 Highlanders, the 22nd, and Vaughan's Foot (then the 94th).

[382] Governor Dalrymple (Guadeloupe) to Sir J. Douglas, 10th October; to Pitt, 16th November 1761.

[383] Dalrymple to Egremont, 6th December 1761.

[384] The 69th, Rufane's, Morgan's, and Grey's Foot.

[385] 15th, 17th, 27th, 28th, 35th, 40th, 42nd (two battalions), 43rd, 46th, 3/60th.

[386] Now Fort de France.

[387] Letter from H. Gordon to Colonel Bouquet. Add. M.S., 21648.

[388] The regiments employed in Martinique, complete or in detachments, were the 4th, 15th, 17th, 22nd, 27th, 28th, 35th, 38th, 40th, 42nd, 43rd, 48th, 3/60th, 65th, 69th, Rufane's (two battalions), Montgomery's Highlanders, Vaughan's, Gray's, Stuart's, Campbell's, two companies of American Rangers, ten companies of Barbados Volunteers.

[389] Egremont to Amherst, 13th January 1762.

[390] 22nd, 34th, 56th, Richmond's Foot (then 72nd).

[391] Albemarle to Egremont, 27th May 1762.

[392] Albemarle to Egremont, 21st August 1762.

[393] Ibid., 7th October.

[394] 3rd, 67th, Boscawen's, Crawford's.

[395] Armstrong's, Blayney's.

[396] On one occasion a sergeant and six men of this regiment killed or captured every man of a party of five-and-twenty Spanish horse under an officer.

[397] Mauvillon.

[398] The Fifth, having captured a large body of French grenadiers, received the privilege of wearing French grenadiers' caps, which were modified later into the fusilier-caps, which they still wear. They also bear the name of Wilhelmsthal on their colours.

[399] No British troops were engaged in this combat.

[400] Three battalions of British Guards, three battalions of British grenadiers, two of Highlanders, the Blues, and 1st Dragoon Guards.

[401] E.g. Westphalen, vi. 885, 886. He gives other instances also.

[402] Parl. History, Feb. 1741.

[403] Commons Journals, 17th Feb. 1743.

[404] E.g. Miscellaneous Orders, 21st March 1742.

[405] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 16th Aug., l0th Sept. 1742.

[406] The pease after five hours of boiling were still hard, and the pieces of beef that should have weighed four pounds and served as a ration for six men weighed but eighteen ounces. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 7th Oct. 1741.

[407] Stair to Carteret, Oct. 1 12 1742.

[408] Warrant Books, 30th July 1741. More muskets were purchased abroad in 1750. Ibid. 26th Sept. 1750.

[409] Antea, p. 138.

[410] Warrant Books, vol. lvii. Jan.-April 1743. This system of local effort has a certain interest for the present, since Newcastle was one of the ports that applied for guns. Ibid. vol. lviii. p. 66. In the island of Jersey there were "parish-guns" kept in the parish churches, twenty-two of them in all, field-pieces. Ibid. vol. lxiii. p. 91. For the fortification of the dockyards, see Warrant Books, 12th April 1756.

[411] Warrant Books, 9th Oct. 1746.

[412] Warrant Books, 14th May 1757.

[413] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 20th May 1745.

[414] Warrant Books, vol. lvii. passim.

[415] Orders issued at Vilvorde, Oct. 10 21 , 1745. Miscellaneous Orders, under date.

[416] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 4th Oct. 1754.

[417] Cumberland to Harrington, July 9 20 , 1745.

[418] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 10th August 1749.

[419] I have failed to discover this book. The words quoted are taken from a review of the work in the London Chronicle, 17th July 1760.

[420] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 8th and 10th Jan. 1761.

[421] Parl. History, Feb. 1750.

[422] An Order in Council of 11th July 1759 directs that men shall be enlisted for three years and for service within the kingdom only, so it is possible that the Government fell back simply on the latent power of the Crown.

[423] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 7th Jan. 1762.

[424] Lloyd's Evening Post, 26th Feb. 1762.

[425] London Morning Advertiser, 18th April 1744.

[426] Morning Advertiser, 25th June 1750. The woman served in all for seven years. Her portrait was engraved, and a copy hangs at this day in the hall of Chelsea Hospital.

[427] Parl. History, 12th April 1771.

[428] Miscellaneous Orders, 7th August 1759.

[429] Gazette, 18th August 1759.

[430] Conway complained much of the drafts from the independent companies sent to Germany, the men being weakly, young, and undersized (Secretary's Common Letter Book, 2nd June 1761; and see Correspondence of George III. with Lord North, vol. i. p. 265). The King ascribes the system to Charles Townsend, but it was begun before he became Secretary-at-War.

[431] Stair to Carteret, Nov. 3 14 , Dec. 4 15 1742, Jan. 7 18 1743; Carteret to Stair, Nov. 12 23 1742; Fawkenar to Newcastle, July 9 20 1745; Miscellaneous Orders, 28th June 1744; Secretary's Common Letter Book, 5th Sept. 1745.

[432] Thus other Light Dragoons besides the Fifteenth really partook in the glory of Emsdorff; one of the officers killed being, though formerly of the Fifteenth, an officer of the Seventeenth, who probably took a draft of his new regiment with him.

[433] Read's Weekly Journal, 9th March 1754; Secretary's Common Letter Book, 18th Jan. 1748, 29th Jan. 1757.

[434] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 26th March 1743, 12th June, 20th August, 2nd Sept. 1755.

[435] See Governor Crump's pathetic appeal to Lord Barrington, 1759. W. O., Orig. Corres., Guadeloupe (Record Office).

[436] Circular to Governors of colonies, 13th March 1756.

[437] Bouquet Papers, Add. M S., 21631. Bouquet's letters, 25th, 26th August, 10th, 29th September 1757.

[438] Governor Shirley to Secretary Fox, 8th March 1756; Loudoun to Pitt, 25th April 1757; Bouquet to Loudoun, 25th August 1757; Amherst to Barrington, 10th August 1759.

[439] Gage to Ellis, 9th Dec. 1763.

[440] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 10th Jan. 1761.

[441] The allowance was three men in every company of seventy, and four men in every company of one hundred. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 15th May 1758.

[442] Regulations for stoppages of dragoons and foot, Miscellaneous Orders, 28th June 1720, for answering the expenses formerly borne by the regiments.

DRAGOONS
IN QUARTERS
Sergeant—Full pay per week					£0	15	9
Deductions—Landlord for diet		£0	3	6
	Do. hay and straw	0	3	6
	Corn	0	1	5½
	Farrier	0	0	3½
		—————
					0	8	9
					—————
	Remains to be paid weekly				£0	7	0
					==========
Corporal and drummer—Full pay per week					£0	12	3
Deductions as above					0	8	9
					—————
	Remains to be paid weekly				£0	3	6
					==========
Dragoon—Full pay per week					£0	9	11
Deductions as above					0	8	9
					—————
	Remains to be paid weekly				£0	1	2
					==========
AT GRASS
Sergeant—Full pay per week					£0	15	9
Deductions—Landlord for diet					£0	3	6
	Do. grass	0	2	4
	Farrier	0	0	3½
	Riding master	0	0	7
	Grass money	0	1	10½
		—————			0	8	7
					—————
	Remains to be paid weekly				£0	7	2
					==========
Corporal and drummer—Full pay per week					£0	12	3
Deductions as above					0	8	7
					—————
	Remains to be paid weekly				£0	3	8
					==========
Dragoon—Full pay per week					£0	9	11
Deductions (slightly reduced for same items)					0	6	8½
					—————
	Remains to be paid weekly				£0	3	2½
	Of which there being paid to him				0	1	4
					—————
	There remains over				£0	1	10½
					==========
This 1s. 10½d. was commonly called grass money, out of which the non-commissioned officer or man might find all such necessaries as were not supplied according to regulations by the colonel, pay 2s. a year to the surgeon, and make good losses of exchange in the remittance of pay.
FOOT
Sergeant—Full pay per week					£0	7	0
	Paid weekly				0	6	0
					—————
	There remains				£0	1	0
					=========
Corporal—Full pay per week					£0	4	6
	Paid weekly				0	4	0
					—————
	There remains				£0	0	6
					=========
Private—Full pay per week					£0	3	6
	Paid weekly				0	3	0
					—————
	There remains				£0	0	6
					=========

From which remainders of pay the captain may deduct for shoes, stockings, gaiters, medicines, shaving, mending of arms, and losses by exchange; but nothing else except such things as may be lost or spoiled by the soldier's negligence.

These orders were confirmed again 27th April 1732.

[443] Craftsman, 12th April 1740. Conversation between Thomas Lobster, soldier, and John Tar, mariner.

[444] Commons Journal, 16th April 1740.

[445] Miscellaneous Orders, 2nd July 1753, Secretary's Common Letter Book, 17th July 1753, are the first instances in the official records.

[446] The Third Guards apparently were the first. Morning Advertiser, 29th March 1749.

[447] Hinde's Discipline of the Light Horse, 1760.

[448] Obverse—a forest with a road cut through it. Reverse—the confluence of the Ohio and Monongahela; Fort DuquÊsne in flames; Forbes in his litter and the army in columns. Motto—Ohio Brittanica; consilio manuque. Bouquet Papers, Add. MS., 21644.

[449] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 19th, 23rd December 1746. 7th January 1747.

[450] "Dragoons are now the mode, so I doubt not that Ireland will follow Great Britain and petition for the demolition of jackboots." Ligonier to Chesterfield, Dec. 12 23 1740.

[451] Ligonier to Chesterfield, Dec. 12 23 1746. Secretary's Common Letter Book, 5th July 1758, 18th February 1760.

[452] Ligonier to Carteret, Oct. 31 Nov. 11 , Nov. 11 22 1743.

[453] Cumberland to Chesterfield, Sept. 16 27 1748. Miscellaneous Orders, 3rd February 1749.

[454] Read's Weekly Journal, 26th June 1756.

[455] H.O.M.E.B., 13th April, 18th November 1741.

[456] Ibid., 30th July 1744; Warrant Books, 26th October 1759.

[457] Two guns was the allowance for a battalion, and the detachment to serve them consisted of an officer, two non-commissioned officers, and twelve men. Warrant Books, 30th June 1758.

[458] H.O.M.E.B., 20th June 1757.

[459] Ibid., 4th May 1742, 16th November 1759. The three-pounders were mounted on two-wheeled "galloping carriages," drawn by three horses; the six-pounders required four if not five horses. Ibid., 12th August 1742.

[460] Warrant Books, 16th January 1741, 16th December 1756, 3rd March 1759.

[461] Two hundred and eight of all ranks.

[462] Warrant Books, 1st May 1756.

[463] Mauvillon.

[464] Bland's Military Discipline.

[465] Gentleman's Magazine, 24th April 1756.

[466] Secretary's Common Letter Book, 14th February 1760.

[467] Carlyle.

[468] Stair to Carteret, Jan. 7 18 1743; Carteret to Stair, March 20 31 1743.

[469] Stair to Carteret, May 18 29 1742.

[470] Daily Post, 13th August 1737.

[471] Return of the weight carried by a grenadier on the march:—

	lb.	oz.
Coat	5	2
Firelock with sling, etc.	11	0
Knapsack with contents, viz.: 2 shirts, 2 stocks, 2 pair stockings, 1 pair summer breeches, 1 pair shoes, brushes, and blackball	7	10
	———
	23	12
Other items, and 6 days' provisions.	39	7
	———
Total	63	3
	======

Drawn up by Lieut. Baillie, 1st Batt. 60th Foot, 28th Aug. 1762.

[472] Mauvillon.

[473] Archenholtz.

[474] Grose.

[475] Grose, from Rymer.

[476] Grose, from Harl. MS. 6844.

[477] Grose.

[478] Grose.

[479] Grose, from Rushworth.

[480] From Barriffe's Military Discipline.

[481] From Cal. S. P., Dom., May 1657.

[482] Commons Journals.

[483] Commons Journals.

[484] Commons Journals.

[485] Commons Journals.

[486] Rushworth himself thinks there is some error in this list.

[487] Commons Journals.

[488] Cal. S. P., Dom.

[489] Newspaper (reference lost).

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