THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM ADDINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION TO THE CLOSE OF WILLIAM IV.'S REIGN 1801-1837 Hon. GEORGE C. BRODRICK, D.C.L. LATE WARDEN OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD COMPLETED AND REVISED BY J. K. FOTHERINGHAM, M.A., D.Litt. FELLOW OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, CHAPTER II. THE RETURN OF PITT. CHAPTER III. GRENVILLE AND PORTLAND. CHAPTER IV. PERCEVAL AND LIVERPOOL. CHAPTER V. THE PENINSULAR WAR. CHAPTER VI. THE DOWNFALL OF NAPOLEON. CHAPTER VII. VIENNA AND WATERLOO. CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST YEARS OF PEACE. CHAPTER IX. THE LAST YEARS OF LORD LIVERPOOL. CHAPTER X. PROBLEMS IN SOUTHERN EUROPE. CHAPTER XI. TORY DISSENSION AND CATHOLIC RELIEF. CHAPTER XII. PORTUGAL AND GREECE. CHAPTER XIII. PRELUDE OF REFORM. CHAPTER XV. FRUITS OF THE REFORM. CHAPTER XVI. RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND POOR LAW REFORM. CHAPTER XVII. PEEL AND MELBOURNE. CHAPTER XVIII. FOREIGN RELATIONS UNDER WILLIAM IV. CHAPTER XX. LITERATURE AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. APPENDIX I. ON AUTHORITIES. [141] APPENDIX II. ADMINISTRATIONS, 1801-1837. THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF ENGLANDSeventy-five years have passed since Lingard completed his History of England, which ends with the Revolution of 1688. During that period historical study has made a great advance. Year after year the mass of materials for a new History of England has increased; new lights have been thrown on events and characters, and old errors have been corrected. Many notable works have been written on various periods of our history; some of them at such length as to appeal almost exclusively to professed historical students. It is believed that the time has come when the advance which has been made in the knowledge of English history as a whole should be laid before the public in a single work of fairly adequate size. Such a book should be founded on independent thought and research, but should at the same time be written with a full knowledge of the works of the best modern historians and with a desire to take advantage of their teaching wherever it appears sound. The vast number of authorities, printed and in manuscript, on which a History of England should be based, if it is to represent the existing state of knowledge, renders co-operation almost necessary and certainly advisable. The History, of which this volume is an instalment, is an attempt to set forth in a readable form the results at present attained by research. It will consist of twelve volumes by twelve different writers, each of them chosen as being specially capable of dealing with the period which he undertakes, and the editors, while leaving to each author as free a hand as possible, hope to insure a general similarity in method of treatment, so that the twelve volumes may in their contents, as well as in their outward appearance, form one History. As its title imports, this History will primarily deal with politics, with the History of England and, after the date of the union with Scotland, Great Britain, as a state or body politic; but as the life of a nation is complex, and its condition at any given time cannot be understood without taking into account the various forces acting upon it, notices of religious matters and of intellectual, social, and economic progress will also find place in these volumes. The footnotes will, so far as is possible, be confined to references to authorities, and references will not be appended to statements which appear to be matters of common knowledge and do not call for support. Each volume will have an Appendix giving some account of the chief authorities, original and secondary, which the author has used. This account will be compiled with a view of helping students rather than of making long lists of books without any notes as to their contents or value. That the History will have faults both of its own and such as will always in some measure attend co-operative work, must be expected, but no pains have been spared to make it, so far as may be, not wholly unworthy of the greatness of its subject. Each volume, while forming part of a complete History, will also in itself be a separate and complete book, will be sold separately, and will have its own index, and two or more maps. The History is divided as follows:— Vol. I. From the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest (to 1066). By Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., Litt.D., Fellow of University College, London; Fellow of the British Academy. With 2 Maps. Vol. II. From the Norman Conquest to the Death of John (1066-1216). By George Burton Adams, D.D., Litt.D., Professor of History in Yale University. With 2 Maps. Vol. III. From the Accession of Henry III. to the Death of Edward III. (1216-1377). By T. F. Tout, M.A., Bishop Fraser Professor of MediÆval and Ecclesiastical History in the University of Manchester; formerly Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford. With 3 Maps. Vol. IV. From the Accession of Richard II. to the Death of Richard III. (1377-1485). By C. W. C. Oman, M.A., LL.D., M.P., Chichele Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford; Fellow of the British Academy. With 3 Maps. Vol. V. From the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of Henry VIII. (1485-1547). By the Right Hon. H. A. L. Fisher, M.A., M.P., President of the Board of Education; Fellow of the British Academy. With 2 Maps. Vol. VI. From the Accession of Edward VI. to the Death of Elizabeth (1547-1603). By A. F. Pollard, M.A., Litt.D., Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, and Professor of English History in the University of London. With 2 Maps. Vol. VII. From the Accession of James I. to the Restoration (1603-1660). By F. C. Montague, M.A., Astor Professor of History in University College, London; formerly Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. With 3 Maps. Vol. VIII. From the Restoration to the Death of William III. (1660-1702). By Sir Richard Lodge, M.A., LL.D., Litt.D., Professor of History in the University of Edinburgh; formerly Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. With 2 Maps. Vol. IX. From the Accession of Anne to the Death of George II. (1702-1760). By I. S. Leadam, M.A., formerly Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. With 8 Maps. Vol. X. From the Accession of George III. to the Close of Pitt's First Administration (1760-1801). By the Rev. William Hunt, M.A., D.Litt., Trinity College, Oxford. With 3 Maps. Vol. XI. From Addington's Administration to the Close of William IV.'s Reign (1801-1837). By the Hon. George C. Brodrick, D.C.L., late Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and J. K. Fotheringham, M.A., D.Litt., Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; Lecturer in Ancient History at King's College, London. With 3 Maps. Vol. XII. The Reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). By Sir Sidney Low, M.A., Fellow of King's College, London; formerly Scholar of Balliol College, Oxford, and Lloyd C. Sanders, B.A. With 3 Maps. The Political History of EnglandIN TWELVE VOLUMES Edited by WILLIAM HUNT, D.Litt., and REGINALD L. POOLE, M.A. XI. |