[1] The Wives of Henry VIII., by the present writer.

[2] Not Ghent, as some historians say.

[3] Mer des Histoires, Liv. III.

[4] Quoted by Denis Godefroi in his Life of Charles VIII.

[5] 'A Jehanne de Jambes, dame de Beaumont, damoiselle de lad. dame, la somme de deux cent cinquante livres tournoys, À elle ordonnÉe par icelle dame pour la recompenser d'une bordure d'habillement de teste et autres bagues d'or pesans pareille somme de quatres cent cinquante livres tournoys que icelle dame a de luy prinses dÈs le moys de may derrenier passÉ, pour envoyer À Madame Margaret d'Autriche, obmys À compter au roole dud. moys. Laquelle somme, etc.' (Argenter de la Reine. Arch. Imp.)

[6] Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella.

[7] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. i.

[8] Martin Hume, Queens of Old Spain.

[9] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. i.

[10] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. i.

[11] 'Je me tais de son mal d'enfant, duquel elle travailla douze jours et douze nuicts entiÈres, sans intermission et sans pouvoir prendre rÉfection de manger ni de dormir.'—Jean le Maire, Couronne Margaritique.

[12] Prescott.

[13] Martin Hume, Queens of Old Spain.

[14] Couronne Margaritique.

[15] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. i.

[16] A. R. Villa, La Reina DoÑa Juana la Loca.

[17] M. Le Glay.

[18] J. Baux, L'Église de Brou.

[19] Couronne Margaritique.

[20] Jouet de la fortune.

[21] Combien est long le besoin, le regret.

[22] Paradin, Chronique de Savoie.

[23] Martin Hume, Queens of Old Spain.

[24] It would be interesting to know what became of these pictures. The portrait of Margaret, now at Hampton Court Palace, may have been one of them, as in it she is represented wearing a widow's dress, and the painting is so indifferent that it may well have called forth Katharine's criticism.

[25] From a Spanish account in MSS. at the Royal Academy, Madrid.—Martin Hume, Queens of Old Spain.

[26] Martin Hume, Estanques Oronica in Documentos Ineditos, vol. viii.

[27] This is a literal translation: 'Another new sorrow! It was not enough for the unfortunate daughter of CÆsar to have lost a much-loved husband; cruel death comes to rob me of my only brother! I weep for thee, Philip, O my brother, of kings the best! and there is no one in the world who can console me! O you who pass by, look and judge if there is any sorrow like unto my sorrow!'

[28] In a document referring to Margaret's palace, in the town registers, is a receipt for payment made to Daniel Verhoevren, locksmith, with two double locks with two bolts for Madame de Savoie's library.

[29] Only six copies of the chronicle were printed.—Christopher Hare.

[30] C. Hare.

[31] Edward Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[32] Edward Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[33] Printed in Correspondance de l'Empereur Maximilian, by J. le Glay.

[34] Correspondance de l'Empereur Maximilian, by J. le Glay.

[35] Lettres de Louis XII.

[36] Edmund Gardner, The King of Court Poets.

[37] Bryce's Holy Roman Empire.

[38] Lettres de Louis XII., vol. i.

[39] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[40] Ibid.

[41] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[42] Le Glay, Correspondance de l'Empereur Maximilian I.

[43] Apparently his landing on the Continent.

[44] In the margin is written, 'Bresylle said there was no way to avoid the bruit but that my lord should marry the lady Lisle, as more at length I have written unto my said lord.'

[45] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[46] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[47] The Duke of Longueville had been a prisoner in England since the battle of Guinegate.

[48] 'Francis of Valois and the Duke of Suffolk were amongst Mary's devoted admirers, but it was noticed that she showed a marked preference for the handsome English duke. Francis gaily entered into a negotiation with Suffolk, and promised in case of Mary's widowhood that he should have the queen en noces officielles. After Louis XII.'s death Francis kept his promise, and authorised Suffolk to marry Mary with permission that she should retain the title of Queen and her dowry.'—R. de Maulde la ClaviÈre.

[49] Lady Jane Grey was the granddaughter of Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor, whose eldest daughter Frances married Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset.

[50] She was accustomed to address Cardinal Wolsey as 'Votre bonne mÈre Marguerite,' and even wrote in the superscriptions of her letters, 'À Monsr. le LÉgat d'Angleterre, mon bon fils.'

[51] Maximilian, writing on the 7th October, makes a mistake in the date. The battle began on September 12th.

[52] Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[53] E. Armstrong.

[54] Prescott.

[55] E. Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[56] E. Armstrong.

[57] Analectes Belgiques de M. Gachard.

[58] Correspondance de Marguerite d'Autriche.

[59] Correspondance de l'Empereur Maximilien I.

[60] Gachard, Rapport sur les Archives de l'Ancienne Chambre des comptes de Flandre À Lille.

[61] 'Complainte de Marguerite sur la mort de Maximilien son pÈre' (Albums de Marguerite d'Autriche, p. 101).

[62] M. ThÉodore Juste, Charles-Quint et Marguerite d'Autriche.

[63] These documents are amongst the archives of Lille.

[64] M. le Glay, Correspondance de l'Empereur Maximilien I. et de Marguerite d'Autriche.

[65] This letter was dated from Barcelona, 16th and 20th April 1519.

[66] Journal de Louise de Savoye.

[67] Monumenta Hapsburgica.

[68] Martin Hume, Wives of Henry VIII., and ThÉodore Juste, Charles-Quint et Marguerite d'Autriche.

[69] E. Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[70] E. Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[71] Martin Hume, Queens of Old Spain.

[72] E. Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[73] Letter from Aleandro de' Galeazzi, dated Brussels, 3rd July 1521.

[74] MSS. de la BibliothÈque de Bourgogne.

[75] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[76] J. Baux, L'Église de Brou.

[77] Adrian was Bishop of Tortosa. On July 12th, 1516, he wrote a letter of thanks to Margaret from Madrid, attributing his promotion to the bishopric of Tortosa to her influence.

[78] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[79] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[80] MSS. de la BibliothÈque de Bourgogne.

[81] Correspondance de Marguerite avec Charles-Quint.

[82] Martin Hume, Wives of Henry VIII., and Rutland Papers, The Somers Tracts (Camden Society).

[83] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[84] Christian II., King of Denmark, who had married Charles's sister Isabella in August 1515, was hated by his subjects, who combined with the city of Lubeck and the Hansa League to drive him from his kingdom. He then took refuge in the Netherlands with his wife and three children.

[85] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[86] Ibid.

[87] The emperor's sisters; Eleanor, Queen of Portugal, was now a widow, whilst Katharine was still unmarried—but neither of these ladies was destined to become Bourbon's wife.

[88] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii. Printed from a copy preserved in the Archives GÉnÉrales du Royaume in Brussels by M. le Glay.

[89] W. Bradford.

[90] W. Bradford.

[91] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[92] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. ii.

[93] Lanz, Correspondenz des Kaisers, Karl V.

[94] MSS. de la BibliothÈque de Bourgogne.

[95] MSS. de la BibliothÈque de Bourgogne.

[96] E. Armstrong, The Emperor Charles V.

[97] Ellis, Original Letters.

[98] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[99] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[100] Ibid.

[101] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[102] Martin Hume, Wives of Henry VIII.

[103] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[104] The emperor's coronation at Bologna did not take place till February 1530, when he received the crowns of Lombardy and of the empire.

[105] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[106] Ibid.

[107] Calendar of State Papers, vol. iii.

[108] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[109] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[110] E. Armstrong.

[111] Nicolas de Perrenot, known as the Sieur de Granvelle.

[112] W. Bradford, Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[113] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[114] Christina married first Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan, and secondly the Duke of Lorraine. Her beautiful portrait by Holbein, lent by the Duke of Norfolk, hangs in the National Gallery. Her elder sister, Dorothea, married Frederick, Count Palatine. The portraits of Isabel's three children in one picture by Mabuse are at Hampton Court Palace.

[115] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii]

[116] W. Bradford.

[117] W. Bradford.

[118] W. Bradford.

[119] MSS. de la BibliothÈque de Bourgogne.

[120] Ibid.

[121] Ibid.

[122] Published in 1618. Mentioned by W. Bradford in his Correspondence of the Emperor Charles V.

[123] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[124] Archives de Bruxelles.

[125] Archives de Bruxelles.

[126] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii.

[127] Ibid.

[128] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii. part II.

[129] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iii. part II.

[130] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[131] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[132] Maximilian II., who succeeded his father.

[133] It was then the custom in the Low Countries and also in France to designate bishops and archbishops by the names of their respective sees.

[134] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[135] W. Bradford.

[136] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[137] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[138] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[139] A medal was struck in honour of the peace, having on one side three 'marguerites,' and on the other two hands joined, surmounted by a caducus, with this inscription: 'Pacis ego studiosa, quater bella horrida pressi.'

[140] This mantelpiece, in perfect preservation, is in the Palais de Justice, Bruges.

[141] Calendar of Spanish State Papers, vol. iv.

[142] Calendar of Spanish State Papers.

[143] W. Bradford.

[144] E. Armstrong.

[145] In the BibliothÈque Royale, Brussels.

[146] RÉgretz de la dame InfortunÉe.

[147] Now in the MusÉe du Cinquantenaire, Brussels.

[148] The Mother Superior was called 'la MÈre Ancille,' a term of humility, from 'Ancilla,' servant.

[149] Michel Colombe made a model from PerrÉal's plans for the sum of ninety-four florins.

[150] The Order of the Annunciation was founded by Amadeus VI. in the fourteenth century. The following duties were entailed by the holders of the Order, and by the honour conferred on them they undertook: '(1) To assist the Dukes of Savoy by word and deed on all occasions that their assistance was required, and to protect the oppressed. (2) To wear constantly the collar or chain of the Order, which was composed alternately of love-knots and the letters F.E.R.T. (3) They were to present to the church of Pierre-ChÂtel a chalice, surplice, and all other articles requisite for the celebration of mass. (4) On their death they were to bequeath 100 livres for the support of that church. At funerals the whole community were to be present, dressed originally in white, and later in black cloaks, which, after the ceremony, they handed over to the Carthusian monks; on all other occasions the colour of the cloak was crimson, trimmed with fringes and embroidered with love-knots.'—(From The Book of Orders, Burke.) Certain alterations were inaugurated by Charles III. of Savoy in 1518, who gave the Order a new name, 'The Holy Annunciation'; he also added fifteen enamelled roses, alternating the word 'F.E.R.T.' repeated fifteen times, conjoined by the girdle of St. Francis, as previously instituted by Amadeus VIII. in the collar in place of the love-knots. Such is the collar worn by Philibert on his tomb at Brou, as well as in his likeness in the east window. The meaning of the word 'F.E.R.T.', or the four initial letters, has not been clearly elucidated. Many interpretations have been suggested; the only one which seems really probable is that which appears on a gold piece struck in the reign of Victor Amadeus I., preserved in the medal cabinet of the Kings of Sardinia: 'Federe et religione tenemur' ('We are united by honour and religion').—Notes and Queries, December 6, 1902.

[151] The Briquet was a kind of gun; the cross of Burgundy was the St. Andrew's cross.

[152] On lit, À la suite de cet article, dans l'inventaire dressÉ en 1516, c'est de la main de mestre Jacques (de Barbares, le maÎtre du caducÉe).

[153] Voici un des articles ajoutÉs À l'inventaire et À la garde de Richart Coutault. Ce Jehan peintre de Madame, doit Être Jean de MaubeugÉ dit Mabuse.

[154] On lit dans l'inventaire de 1516: 'Ung petit tableau d'ung Dieu de pityÉ estant es bras de Nostre Dame; ayant deux feulletz dans chascun desquelz y a ung ange et dessus desdits feulletz y a une annunciade de blanc et de noir. Fait le tableau de la main de Rogier (Van der Weyden) et lesditz feulletz de celle de maistre Hans (Hemling son ÉlÈve).'

[155] Cet article me paraÎt correspondre avec l'article suivant de l'inventaire de 1516: 'Ung moien tableau de la face d'une Portugaloise que Madame a eu de Don Diego. Fait de la main de Johannes (Van Eyck) et est fait sans huelle et sur toille sans couverte ne feullet.'

[156] Voici l'article de l'inventaire de 1516 'Ung grant tableau qu'on appelle, Hernoul-le-Fin, avec sa femme dedens une chambre, qui fut donnÉ À Madame par Don Diego, les armes duquel sont en la couverte dudit tableau. Fait du painctre Johannes (Jean Van Eyck).' Now in the National Gallery, London, and called 'John Arnolfini of Lucca and his wife.'

[157] Cet article est accompagnÉ dans l'inventaire de 1516 de la remarque suivante: 'Fait de la main de feu Maistre Jacques de Barbaris.' Voir l'article No. 139.

[158] Nous trouvons le nom du peintre dans l'inventaire de 1516: 'Ung visaige du contrerolleur de Madame, fait de la main de Michiel (Coxie) sur ung petit tableau.'

[159] Les estranges figures indiquent que l'article suivant, tirÉ de l'inventaire datÉ de 1516, dÉsignÉ le mÊme tableau: 'Ung moien tableau de Sainct Anthoine qui n'a couverture ne feullet, qui est fait de Jheronimus Bosch et a estÉ donnÉ À Madame par Jhoane, femme de chambre de Madame Lyonor.'

[160] Dans l'inventaire de 1516 on lit aprÈs cette description: fait de la main de maistre Hans (Hemling).

[161] L'inventaire de 1516 dÉcrit ce tableau ainsi qu'il suit: 'Une petite Nostre Dame disant ses heures, faicte de la main de Michiel (Coxie) que Madame appelle sa mignonne et le petit dieu dort.'

[162] L'inventaire de 1516 ne donne pas le nom du peintre, mais il dÉcrit ce tableau ainsi: 'Une petite Nostre Dame, faite de bonne main, estant en un jardin oÙ il y a une fontaine.' La petite Vierge de la collection Van Ertborn, du musÉe d'Anvers, rÉpond trÈs-bien À ces deux descriptions.

[163] L'inventaire de 1516 porte: de la main de Michiel (Coxie).

[164] Voici l'article de l'inventaire de 1516: 'Ung petit tableaul de la TrinitÉ, fait de la main de Rougier (Roger Van der Weyden) aussi vieulx.' L'absence de description me fait hÉsiter entre ce numÉro 174 et le numÉro 199.

[165] Cette expression 'painct de noir' trouverait son commentaire dans la maniÈre dont est dÉcrit le mÊme tableau dans l'inventaire de 1516: 'Le visaige de l'Empereur FrÉdÉrick en ung petit tableaul noir.'

[166] Les Nos. 125, 173, 194, et 196 rÉpondent, chacun, À chacun de ces trois articles de l'inventaire de 1516:—(1) Une petite ND. fait de la main de Dirick (Stuerbout) (2) Ung petit tableaul de ND. bien vieulx de la main de Foucquet, ayant estuy et couverture. (3) Ung tableaul de ND. du duc Philippe qui est venu de maillardet, couvert de satin bronchÉ gris et ayant fermaulx d'argent dorÉ et bordÉ de velours vert. Fait de la main de Johannes (Jean Van Eyck). (4) Une bien petite ND. de illuminure, de la main de Sandres.

[167] L'Inventaire de 1516 dÉcrit ainsi ce tableau. 'Ung bien petit tableaul À double feullet de la main de Michiel (Coxie) de l'ung des coustez de Nostre Dame ... de l'autre costez d'ung sainct Jehan et de saincte Marguerite, faiz À la semblance du prince d'Espaigne et de Madame.

[168] Voici le nom du peintre d'aprÈs l'inventaire de 1516, beaucoup moins dÉtaillÉ que celui-ci, mais plus explicite sur les auteurs de ces peintures parce qu'il a ÉtÉ rÉdigÉ sous les yeux de l'archi-duchesse elle-mÊme: 'Ung petit tableau d'ung cruxefix et d'ung Sainct GrÉgoire. Fait de la main de Rogier (Van der Weyden).'

[169] From Histoire de l'Église de Brou, by J. Baux.

[170] A descriptive catalogue of these MSS. was published by M. Le Glay in his Correspondance de l'Empereur Maximilien I. et de Marguerite d'Autriche. This list does not, of course, include any printed books, of which there was probably another catalogue.

[171] Printed in Louis XII.'s letters, it is supposed to have been written in 1512, because it was in this year that the Bishop of Gurce went to Rome. Besides, in 1511 the emperor was still at war with Julius II., and could not treat with him with regard to the Pontificate.

(In another letter) Maximilian does not mention getting himself made coadjutor during the Pope's lifetime, but only obtaining the cardinals' votes after the Pope's death, who was then seriously ill. Maximilian says distinctly that the Papacy is inherent to the Imperial dignity, and that he hopes to have the honour of uniting the Imperial and Papal crowns.

[172] J. Baux, L'Église de Brou.

[173] M. Gachard, Analectes Belgiques.