(Italicized numbers refer to illustrations) - AbietineÆ, 88, 89, 90.
- — family characters of, 91.
- AlgÆ, 44, 47, 165.
- — brown, 166.
- — green, 165.
- — red, 165.
- Alnus, 85.
- Amber, 17.
- AmentiferÆ, 84.
- Anatomy of fossil plants, likeness in detail to that of living plants, 53 et seq.
- — — — — differences in detail from that of living plants, 69 et seq.
- Andromeda, 84.
- Angiosperms, comparison with Bennettitales, 103.
- — early history of, 79 et seq.
- — general distribution of in time, 177.
- — later evolution of, 178.
- — male cell of, 52.
- AraliaceÆ, 85.
- AraucareÆ, 88, 90, 111.
- — description of, 90.
- — primitive characters of, 89.
- Araucarioxylon, 93, 95.
- Arber, 173.
- ArchÆocalamites, 152.
- ArtocarpaceÆ, 85.
- Asterochlaena, 126, 127, 86, 89.
- Bacillus, 167.
- Bacteria, 167.
- Baiera, 101.
- Bast, 57, 32.
- Bennettitales, 44, 102, 131.
- — general distribution of in time, 177.
- Bennettites, 103 et seq.
- — external appearance of, 103.
- — flower-like nature of fructification, 108.
- — fructification of, 104, 71, 105, 72.
- — seed of, 106, 73.
- Bertrand, 2.
- Betula, 85.
- Bignonia, 84.
- BotryopterideÆ, 125, 132.
- — description of group, 125.
- — fructifications of, 128.
- — petioles of, 127, 89.
- — stem anatomy of, 126, 86, 87.
- — wood of, 128, 90.
- Botryopteris, 126, 127.
- — axis with petiole, 127, 88, 89.
- Bowmanites RÖmeri, 158, 160.
- Brachyphyllum, 89.
- Brongniart, 2.
- Bryophytes, 163.
- Calamites, 147, 154, 157, 159, 160, 171.
- — branch of, 147, 104.
- — casheana, 152.
- — cone of, 150, 109, 151, 110.
- — leaf of, 149, 107.
- — node of, 149, 106.
- — spores of, 152, 111.
- — young roots of, 150, 108.
- — young stem of, 148, 105.
- Cambium, 57, 33, 65, 43, 66, 44.
- Carbon, film of representing decayed plant, 12.
- Carbonate of magnesium, 20.
- Carbonates of lime, 19.
- Carpels, modified leaves, 78.
- Carruthers, 186.
- Casts of fossil plants, 8, 9, 2, 10, 3, 4, 11, 12.
- — of seeds, 11, 12.
- — treatment of specimens of, 184.
- Casuarina, 83.
- Cells, similarity of living and fossil types of, 53.
- — principal types of, 53 et seq., 22-33.
- Cell wall, 47, 17.
- Centrifugal wood, 97, 65.
- Centripetal wood, 97, 65, 116.
- Chara, 16.
- CharaceÆ, 163.
- Cheirostrobus, 159, 118, 160.
- Chloroplast, 47, 17.
- Coal, origin of, 29 et seq.
- — of different ages, 33.
- — seams in the rocks, 24, 13, 14.
- — vegetable nature of, 25 et seq.
- — importance of, 17, Chap. III, p. 22 et seq.
- “Coal balls”, 18, 19, 10, 20, 21, 22, 27, 15, 163, 185.
- — — mass of, in coal, 28, 16.
- Coal Measures, climate of, 172.
- Companion cells, 57, 32.
- Concretions, 21, 22, 27, 15, 28.
- — concentric banding in, 27, 15.
- Conducting tissue in higher plants, 49, 19, 50, 20.
- Coniferales, conflicting observations among, 46.
- — general distribution in time, 177.
- — male cell of, 52.
- Corallina, 166.
- CordaiteÆ, 39-88, 112.
- — comparison of fructifications with those of TaxeÆ, 95.
- — description of family, 92.
- — general distribution in time, 177.
- Cordaites, 40, 107, 176.
- — fructification of, 95, 96, 64.
- — internal cast of stem, 10, 4, 93, 94, 95.
- — leaves of, once considered to be Monocotyledons, 82, 93.
- — leaves of, 93, 61, 94, 62A.
- — possible common origin with Ginkgo, 102.
- — wood of, 94, 62B.
- Cork, 56, 29.
- — cambium, 56, 29.
- Cross fertilization, 179.
- CupresseÆ, 88, 90.
- — description of, 91.
- Cycadeoidea, 103.
- Cycads in the Mesozoic period, 40, 41, 42, 113.
- — description of group, 109.
- — general distribution of in time, 177.
- — in Tertiary period, 85.
- — large size of male cones of, 110.
- — seeds of, 112.
- — type of seed of, 76, 57.
- — wood of, 110.
- Cycas, 109, 110, 74.
- — seed-bearing sporophyll of, 111.
- — seeds of, 112, 76.
- — comparison with Ginkgo seeds, 112.
- Darwin, 181.
- Diatoms, 167, 121.
- Dicotyledons, 41, 44, 79.
- — relative antiquity of, 81, 82.
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