nternal">149, 150, 151, 199.

In stores, 168.

In textile industries, 148–154.

In United States, 142, 143, 145.

In West Virginia, 166.

In wood-working industries, 168.

Industrial revolution and, 130–140.

Introduction of machinery retarded by, 203.

Machine age and, 129.

Machinery and, 202.

Moral ills of, 181–190.

Parental responsibility for, 205, 206.

Reasons for, 195–217, 305–306.

Synonymous with slavery, 127.

Unions opposed to, 193.

Unnecessary, 200.

Wages of adults affected by, 192, 194.

Child Labor Committee:

• Alabama Child Labor Committee, 142.
• National Child Labor Committee, 163.
• New York Child Labor Committee, 169.
• Pennsylvania Child Labor Committee, 144.

Cholera infantum, 21.

Cholera morbus, 21.

Christiania, school meals in, 115, 275.

Christopher, Professor, 100.

Cleveland, Ohio, underfed school children in, 85, 89.

Coe, Dr. Henry C., 300.

Colonies Scolaires, 254, 255.

Columbia University, 116.

Committee of House of Commons, 139.

Competition of children with elders, 192.

Consumers’ League of New York, 208.

Consumption:

• Among children, 175.
• Infantile mortality from, 21.
• Leather work predisposing to, 178.
• Miners’, 164. (See also Tuberculosis.)

Continuation classes, 241, 242.

Convulsions:

• Infantile mortality from, 19, 21.
• Rachitis predisposing to, 17, 298.

Cotton manufacture, see Textile industries.

CrÈches, 50, 55, 221, 231–233, 242.

Crichton-Browne, Dr., 108.

Cronin, Dr. John, 138.

Henderson, C. Hanford, 229.

Heredity, 8, 9, 291–296.

History of the Factory Movement, 131.

Holiday Colonies (Switzerland), 254.

Holt, Dr. L. Emmet, 296–297.

Home employment of mothers, 33.

Home industries, children employed in, 171–174.

Hood, Thomas, 156.

Hornbaker, William, principal Chicago school, 84.

Hospitals:

• Bellevue, New York City, 300.
• Death-rate in Foundling, 232.
• Filled by victims of childhood poverty, 24.
• General Memorial, New York City, 300.
• Infants’, Randall’s Island, New York City, 232.
• Metropolitan Free, London, 7.
• New York Babies’, inquiry in, 27.
• New York Lying-in, 224.

Housing:

• Among Italians, 78.
• Among Jews, 25.
• Infantile death-rate not lowered by improvement in, 26.
• Relation of, to tuberculosis, 26.

Hrdlicka, Dr., 98.

Huddersfield, England, campaign of education in, 30.

Hungarians in carpet works, 178.

Hunter, Robert, 61, 62, 63, 65, 277, 286.

Huxley, Professor T. H., 77.

Hyndman, H. M., 271.

I

Iceland, loom used in, 126.

Ignorance:

• A cause of malnutrition, 82.
• Among factory girls, 31, 32.
• Babies victims of, 27, 28, 29–32, 37, 39, 239.
• Campaign against maternal, 30, 31, 240.
• Often only one of poverty’s disguises, 37.
• Remedial measures for, 30, 239–245.
• Social need of protection against, 214.

Illegitimate children, death-rate among, 7.

Illinois:

• Child-labor investigation in, 208, 209, 210.
• Child-labor law, 208.
• (See also Chicago.)

Illiteracy in the United States, 143.

Imbeciles in English cotton mills, 9 n.

Pauper apprentices in England, 131–136, 150, 162.

Peek, Sir Henry, 109.

Peel, Sir Robert, 136.

Pennsylvania:

• Cigarmakers’ Union and child labor in, 193.
• Employment of children in cigar factories in, 167, 168.
• Employment of children in glass factories, 154, 155, 159.
• Employment of children in mines, 163.
• Investigation by Child Labor Commissioner of, 144.
• Investigation of reasons for employment of children, 210.
• Orphan children employed in, 198.

Pertussis, 298.

Philadelphia:

• Employment of children in, 144, 151.
• Still-births formerly not registered, 12.
• Underfed children in, 85.

Phosphor poisoning, 179.

Physical Condition of Poor Children:

• Accountable for educational failures, 100.
• Inferior to richer children, 96–98.
• Investigations in Chicago of, 175.
• Investigations in England of, 10, 108, 291.
• Malnutrition responsible for, 106.
• Report of Royal Commission on Physical Training (Scotland) on, 98, 99.
• Responsible for criminality, 105–108.
• (See also Underfeeding and Poverty.)

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 168.

Pittston, Pennsylvania, 143, 163.

Playfair, Dr., 7.

Pneumonia:

• Infant mortality from, 21.
• Porter, Dr., 98, 100.
• Rachitis predisposing to, 17.

Poverty, 277.

Poverty:

• Children in United States victims of, 61, 63, 117–124.
• Cost to society of, 23, 24.
• Educational failures largely due to, 60, 100–105, 279.
• Effect upon infantile mortality of, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23.
• Estimated number of persons in United States in, 61, 63.
• Mortality from convulsions, measles, and rickets increased by, 17–19.
• Most heavily felt by children, 276.
• Tuberculosis:
  • Among bottle makers, 160.
  • And poverty, 15.
  • Campaign against, 30.
  • Germany, treatment of children predisposed to, 255.
  • Rachitis predisposing to, 17.
  • Relation of child labor to, 146.
• Tuke, Dr. Hack, 108.
• Turin, Italy, 96, 109.
• U
• Underfeeding:
  • Among Italians, 78–81.
  • Defective vision due to, 107.
  • Due to ignorance, 27, 28, 29.
  • Effects of, not hereditary, 294.
  • Employment of mothers and, 35, 37.
  • In Aberdeen, 272.
  • In Birmingham, 113, 114, 272.
  • In Boston, 85, 89.
  • In Buffalo, 83–84.
  • In Chicago, 84–85, 89, 273–274.
  • In Cleveland, 85.
  • In Dundee, 272.
  • In Glasgow, 272.
  • In London, 109, 272.
  • In Los Angeles, 85.
  • In New York, 61, 64, 83, 85, 109.
  • In Philadelphia, 85.
  • In United States, 61, 64, 85, 86, 117, 118.
  • Mental effects of, 108–112, 276.
  • Physical effects of, 95–105.
  • Predisposing to disease, 26, 42, 296.
  • Prime cause of infant mortality, 25.
  • Proportion of hospital cases due to, 26, 27.
  • Proportion of infant deaths due to, 14.
  • Source of crime, 105–108.
  • Worst effect of poverty upon children, 2–5, 27, 61–65.
• Unemployment:
  • Among Irish laborers, 91.
  • Among male wage-earners, 62.
• United States:
  • Child labor in, 140, 141, 167<
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    
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