Notes on Veterinary Anatomy

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Charles James Korinek

CHAPTER I. OSTEOLOGY.

CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER III.

CHAPTER IV. SPLANCHNOLOGY.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI. NEUROLOGY.

CHAPTER VII.

CHAPTER VIII.

INDEX

Transcriber’s notes:

The text of this e-book has been preserved as in the original, including inconsistent capitalisation and hyphenation. Archaic and inconsistent spellings have also been preserved except where obviously misspelled in the original. A list of corrections and inconsistencies is appended at the end. Archaic phraseology has been retained. Incorrect paragraph numbering on p. 17 has been corrected, and several missing full stops have been inserted. Cross references to a page or illustration have been hyperlinked.

The cover image of the book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA

NOTES ON VETERINARY ANATOMY

BY
CHARLES J. KORINEK, V. S.
Graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College, in affiliation with the University of Toronto, Canada. Hon. Member of the Ontario Veterinary Medical Society. Ex. State Veterinarian for Oregon. Ex. President of the Oregon State Veterinary Medical Board of Examiners. Author of “The Veterinarian”. Principal of the Veterinary Science Association of America. Sixteen years of Practical Experience as a Veterinary Surgeon.
PUBLISHED BY THE
VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA
COPYRIGHT 1917
by the
VETERINARY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
OF AMERICA

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page
Plate
I.
 Skeleton of the Horse
Plate
II.
 Muscles of the Horse, superficial layer
Plate
III.
 Muscles of the Horse, deep layer
Plate
IV.
 Digestive and Urinary Organs of the Horse
Plate
V.
 Heart and Chief Blood Vessels of the Horse
Plate
VI.
 Nervous System of the Horse
Plate
VII.
 Structure of the Horse’s Foot

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page
Plate
I.
 Skeleton of the Horse
Plate
II.
 Muscles of the Horse, superficial layer
Plate
III.
 Muscles of the Horse, deep layer
Plate
IV.
 Digestive and Urinary Organs of the Horse
Plate
V.
 Heart and Chief Blood Vessels of the Horse
Plate
VI.
 Nervous System of the Horse
Plate
VII.
 Structure of the Horse’s Foot

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page
Chapter
I.
 Osteology, or Structure of the Bones
Chapter
II.
 Arthrology, or Study of the Joints
Chapter
III.
 Myology, or Study of the Muscular System
Chapter
IV.
 Splanchnology, or Study of the Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary and Generative Systems
Chapter
V.
 Angiology, or Study of the Blood-Vascular System, as the Heart, Arteries, Veins, Lymphatic Vessels and Glands
Chapter
VI.
 Neurology, or Study of the Nervous Tissue, as the Brain, Spinal Cord and Their Nerves
Chapter
VII.
 Aesthesiology, or the Study of the Organs of Special Sense, as the Ear, Eye and Organs of Sensation, as Skin, Hair, Foot, etc.
Chapter
VIII.
 Embryology or Development of the Foetus

PREFACE

There are a number of excellent works on Veterinary Anatomy, and many of them will amply repay the student for the time taken to master them, but for quick reference none seem to contain the wants of the veterinary practitioner and student for which this humble little work is primarily intended.

It has been my endeavor to briefly describe each organ as found in the healthy animal; its functions, etc., in a condensed yet complete form. I am positive that the student or veterinary practitioner will find its pages highly instructive as well as profitable and interesting.

In compiling this work a few authorities have been consulted and quoted, while it has not been practical to give individual credit for the use of ideas and language, a general acknowledgement is here made:

Veterinary Science, Hodgins and Haskett.

Veterinary Anatomy, Strangeways.

Charles J. Korinek, V. S.

DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY

Osteology is a term applied to that section of descriptive anatomy which treats of the bones. Arthrology, to the consideration of the joints or modes of union between the bones, while by Myology is meant the doctrine of the muscular system. Splanchnology treats of the viscera, Angiology of the circulatory and absorbent systems. Neurology deals with the nervous system. Aesthesiology with the organs of sense; while Embryology, as before stated is the consideration of the animal frame at periods preceding its birth.

In this work the various departments are discussed in the order here given. The structures which are the subject of the first three divisions are sometimes classed together as the Organs of Locomotion; for bones form the frame work of the body and often act as levers; the joints connect the bones, permitting more or less motion between them; while the muscles move the bones, and so produce motion of a part of the body—or it may be locomotion, or change of situation in the entire frame.

In the study of comparative Anatomy the terms analogy and homology are frequently met with. Although these words are unfrequently used indiscriminately, the following differences should be noted. Organs are said to be analogous when, though differing in structure, they perform the same function; but when their functions are different, which, in the broad sense, they correspond in structure or form, they are said to be homologous. Thus the middle finger of the human hand is the homologue of the anterior (front) digit of a horse, because they have the same general structure, and relation to the rest of the limb; but as the functions they perform are quite dissimilar, they cannot be termed analogous. Again, the lungs of a mammal are analogous to the gills of a fish, for, though they differ widely in structure, position and form, and are therefore not homologous, their ultimate use is the same—each of them being an apparatus in which is carried on the process of purifying the blood.

DISSECTION.

Students must dissect as many animals as possible, so as to familiarize themselves with the frame work or structure, and the location of the digestive, nervous and blood systems, as it will aid materially in the art or process of determining the nature of various diseases.

During cool weather an animal for dissecting purposes can be kept for a considerable length of time without preservatives

It is well to have a copy of Anatomy at hand when dissecting for it will show the location of the various organs and explain their functions.

SKELETON OF HORSE—AFTER MEGNIN.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I

Skeleton of the Horse

1.
 Skull, or skeleton of the head.
15.
 Os Melacarpi Magnus, metacarpal, or cannon bone.
2.
 Cervical vertebrÆ or neck bones.
16.
 Ossa Melacarpi Parva, or splint bones.
3.
 Dorsal vertebrÆ or back bones.
17.
 Proximal Phalanx, os suffraginis, or large pastern bone.
4.
 Lumbar vertebrÆ or loin bones.
18.
 Great Sesamoid Bones.
5.
 Sacral vertebrÆ or rump bones.
19.
 Medium Phalanx, os coronÆ, or small pastern bone.
6.
 Coccygeal vertebrÆ or tail bones.
20.
 Distal Phalanx, os pedis, or coffin bone.
7.
 Pelvic or hip bones.
21.
 Os Naviculare, small sesamoid, or shuttle bone. (This bone can be plainly seen Plate VII).
8.
 Sternum or breast bone.
22.
 Femur, or thigh bone.
9.
 Ribs.
23.
 Patella, or stifle bone.
10.
 Scapula or shoulder blade.
24.
 Tibia, or leg bone.
11.
 Humerus or shoulder bone.
25.
 Fibula. (This bone is little developed in the horse.)
12.
 Radius or bone of the fore-arm.
26.
 Tarsus or hock bones.
13.
 Ulna or bone of the fore-arm.
27.
 Metatarsus, or os metatarsi magnus.
14.
 Carpus or bones of the knee.
28.
 Ossa Metatarsi Parva, or splint bones of the hind leg.
Names of joints placed according to numbers.
I.
 Shoulder Joint.
VI.
 Coffin Joint.
II.
 Elbow Joint.
VII.
 Hip Joint.
III.
 Carpus or knee joint.
VIII.
 Stifle Joint.
IV.
 Fetlock Joint.
IX.
 Tarsus or hock joint.
V.
 Pastern Joint.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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