The letter A has, in the Scottish language, four different sounds:

1. A broad, as in E. all, wall. U is often added, as in cald, cold, written also cauld; and sometimes w; both as marks of the prolongation of the sound.

2. A short, in lak, mak, tak, S. as in last, past, E.

3. A open, in dad, daddie, a father, and some other words, S. as in E. read pret., ready adj.

4. A slender or close, in lane, alane, alone, mane, moan, S. like face, place, E. The monosyllables have generally, although not always, a final e quiescent.

A is used in many words instead of o in E.; as ane, bane, lang, sang, stane, for one, bone, long, song, stone. For the Scots preserve nearly the same orthography with the Anglo-Saxons, which the English have abandoned. Thus the words last mentioned were written in A. S. an, ban, lang, sang, stan. In some of the northern counties, as in Angus and Mearns, the sound of ee or ei prevails, instead of ai, in various words of this formation. Ane, bane, stane, &c. are pronounced ein, bein, stein, after the manner of the Germans, who use each of these terms in the same sense.

When this letter is written with an apostrophe, as a', it is meant to intimate that the double l is cut off, according to the pronunciation of Scotland. But this is merely of modern use.

A is sometimes prefixed to words, both in S. and old E., where it makes no alteration of the sense; as abade, delay, which has precisely the same meaning with bade. This seems to have been borrowed from the A.S., in which language abidan and bidan are perfectly synonymous, both simply signifying, to remain, to tarry.

A, in composition, sometimes signifies on; as agrufe, on the grufe or belly, S.; Isl. a grufu, cernuÈ, pronÈ. Johnson thinks that a, in the composition of such E. words as aside, afoot, asleep, is sometimes contracted from at. But these terms are unquestionably equivalent to on side, on foot, on sleep; on being used, in the room of a, by ancient writers.A is used, by our oldest writers, in the sense of one. The signification is more forcible than that of the indefinite article in English; for it denotes, not merely an individual, where there may be many, or one in particular, but one exclusively of others, in the same sense in which ae is vulgarly used.

ABAD, ABADE, ABAID, s. Delay, abiding, tarrying; the same with Bad, Bade.

A. S. abid-an, manere.

Wallace.

ABAID, part. pa. Waited, expected.

A. S. abad, expectatus.

Douglas.

To ABAY, ABAW, v. a. To astonish. Abayd, part. pa. astonished; abawed, Chaucer.

Fr. esbah-ir, id.

K. Hart.

To ABAYS, v. a. To abash, to confound. Abaysyd, part. pa.
Wyntown.

Fr. abass-ir, id.

ABAITMENT, s. Diversion, sport.
Douglas.

Arm. ebat-a ludere, ebat ludus; O. Fr. ebaud-ir recreare, ebattement recreatio.

ABAK, adv. Back, behind; Chaucer, id.
Douglas.

Isl. aabak, retrorsum, A. S. on baec, id.

ABANDOUN. In abandoun, at abandoun, at random.
Barbour.
Chaucer uses bandon as denoting free will, pleasure.

Fr. en Ábandon, À l'Ábandon, id. from À, ban, and donner, to give up to interdiction.

To ABANDON, v. a.
1. To bring under absolute subjection.
Barbour.
2. To let loose, to give permission to act at pleasure.
Wallace.
3. To destroy, to cut off.
Wallace.

Fr. abandonn-er, id.

ABANDONLY, adv. At random, without regard to danger.
Wallace.

ABASIT, part. pa. Confounded, abashed.
Douglas.

ABATE, s. Accident; something that surprises one, as being unexpected.
King's Quair.

Fr. abatt-re, to daunt, to overthrow; or abet-ir, stupidum, hebet-em, reddere.

To ABAW.
V. Abay.

ABBEIT, s. Dress, apparel, O. E. abite.
Bannatyne Poems.

Arm. abyt, abyta, Lat. habit-us, Fr. habit, id.

ABBACY, ABBASY, s. An abbey.

L. B. abatia, id.

Acts. Ja. III.

ABBOT OF UNREASON, a sort of histrionic character, anciently exhibited in Scotland, but afterwards forbidden by Act of Parliament.
Acts Marie.

This was one of the Christmas sports; and, as the ancient Saturnalia levelled all distinction of ranks, the design of this amusement was to ridicule the solemnity of the proceedings of an Abbot, or other dignified clergyman. It is the same with the Abbot of Misrule, and distinguished in name only from the Boy-Bishop, characters formerly well known both in England and in France. The principal personage was denominated the Abbot of Unreason, because his actings were inconsistent with reason, and merely meant to excite mirth.

ABEE. To let abee. To let alone, to bear with, not to meddle with, S.

To let be, E.

Ritson.

ABEECH, ABIEGH, adv. Aloof, "at a shy distance," chiefly used in the west of S.
Stand abeigh, keep aloof.
Burns.

Fr. aboy, O. Fr. abai, abay, abbais; E. at bay, O. E. abay.

ABERAND, part. pr. Going astray.

Lat. aberrans, E. aberring.

Bellenden.

To ABHOR, v. a. To fill with horror.
Lyndsay.

To ABY, v. a. To suffer for.

O. E. abeye, abie. A. S. byg-an, to buy.

Henrysone.

ABIL, adj. Able.
Wyntown.

Lat. habil-is, Fr. habile, C. B. abl, Teut. abel, id.

ABIL, adv. Perhaps.
V. Able.

ABYLL, adj. Liable, apt.
V. Abil.
Bellenden.

ABITIS, s. pl. Obits, service for the dead.
Bannatyne Poems.

Lat. obit-us, death; also, office for the dead.

ABLACH, s. A dwarf, an expression of contempt, S. B.
Gl. Shirrefs.

Gael. abhach, id.

ABLE, ABLIS, ABLINS, adv. Perhaps, peradventure, S. Yeable-sea, id.
Montgomery.

A. S. abal, Isl. and Su. G. afl, strength, properly that of the body; afl-as, to be able.

ABLINS, adv.
V. Able.

ABOWYNE, ABONE, ABOW, prep. Above, S. Yorks. Westmorel.
Barbour.

A. S. abufan, id. The radical term is evidently ufan, supra.

To ABREDE, v. a. To publish, to spread abroad.
Gl. Sibb.

A. S. abraed-an, propalare.

To ABREDE, v. n. To start, to fly to a side. Chauc. abraide, id.
Henrysone.

ABREID, ABRADE, ABREAD, adv. Abroad, at large, S.
Burel.

A. S. abred-an, extendere, or Isl. a braut, forth, in via.

ABSTINENCE, s. A truce, cessation of arms.
Spotswood.

Fr. id. L. B. abstinentia.

AB-THANE, ABTHANE, s.
V. Thane.

ABULYEIT, ABULYEID, ABILYEIT, part. pa.
1. Drest, apparelled.
Douglas.
2. Equipped for the field of battle.
Acts Ja. II.

Fr. habill-er, to clothe.

ABULIEMENT, s. Dress, habit; Fr. habiliment.
Bellenden.

AC, EC, conj. But, and.
Barbour.

A. S. aec, eac; Moes. G. auk; Alem. auh; Su. G. och, ock; Belg. ook; Lat. ac, etiam.

ACCOMIE, s. A species of metal, S.
V. Alcomye.

To ACCORD. Used impersonally; as accords, or as accords of law, i. e. as is agreeable or conformable to law. It has greater latitude of signification than the phrase, as effeiris, which denotes any thing proportional, convenient, or becoming, as well as conformity.
Laws of S.

To ACHERSPYRE, v. n. To shoot, to germinate, E. acrospire.
Chalmerlan Air.

A. S. aechir, an ear of corn, aecer, Su. G. aakar, corn, and spira, the projection of any thing that is long and slender. Gr. a????, summus, and spe??a, spira.

ACHERSPIRE, s. The germination of malt at that end of the grain from which the stalk grows, S.

ACHIL, adj. Noble.
V. Athil.

To ACRES, ACRESCE, v. n.
1. To increase, to gather strength.
Burel.
2. Used us a law term in S. to denote that one species of right, or claim, flows from, and naturally falls to be added to, its principal.

Fr. accroist-re, Lat. accrescere, id.

To ACQUEIS, v. a. To acquire.
Burel.

Fr. acquis, acquise, part. pa.; Lat. acquisitus.

ACQUART, AIKWERT, adj. Cross, perverse, S.
Douglas.

A. S. acwerd, aversus, perversus, E. aukward.

ACTON, s. A leathern jacket, strongly stuffed, anciently worn under a coat of mail.
Stat. Rob. I.

O. Fr. auqueton, haucton, L. B. aketon, acton, id.

ACTUAL, adj. An actual minister, or an actual man, a phrase still used by the vulgar to denote one who is in full orders as a minister of the gospel, S.
Wodrow.

L. B. actus, officium, ministerium.

ADDETTIT, part. pa. Indebted.
Douglas.

Fr. endebtÉ, id.

ADEW, used as an adj. Gone, departed.
Douglas.

From Fr. adieu, used in an oblique sense.

ADEW, part. pa. Done.
Wallace.

A. S. adoa facere, adon tollere.

ADHEILL, s. The district in S. now called Athol.
Barbour.

Gael. Blair-adh-oll, Blair-Atholl, expl. "the great pleasant plain."

ADDILL, ADDLE, s.
1. Foul and putrid water.
Douglas.
2. The urine of black cattle, Renfrews.

A. S. adl, filthy gore, Teut. adel, filth, mire.

Hence,

To ADDLE, v. n. To moisten the roots of plants with the urine of cattle, Renfrews.

Su. G. adl-a, mejere.

ADIST, prep. On this side, S. It is opposed to ayont, i. e. on the other side.
Kelly.

Perhaps from Germ. diss. hoc, E. this.

To ADORNE, v. a. To worship, to adore.
Abp. Hamiltoun.

ADRED, adv. Downright.
Douglas.

Fr. adroit, or droit, right, straight, Lat. direct-us, Rudd.

ADREICH, adv. Behind, at a distance.
To follow adreich, to follow at a considerable distance, S. B. Adrigh, O. E.

From the adj. Dreich, q. v.

Bellenden.

ADREID, conj. Lest.
Palice Hon.

Imper. of A. S. adraed-an timere.

ADRESLY, adv. With good address.
Wyntown.

AE, adj. One, S.
V. letter A.
Ramsay.

AE, adv. Always; E. aye.
Z. Boyd.

Isl. ae, semper, Moes. G. aiw aeternum.

AER, s. Oar.
V. Air.
Stat. Gild.

To AFAYND, v. a. To attempt, to endeavour, to try.
Wallace.

A. S. afand-ian tentare.

AFALD, AFAULD, AEFAULD, AUFAULD, EFFAULD, adj.
1. Honest, upright, without duplicity, S.
2. Used to denote the unity of the divine essence in a trinity of persons.
Barbour.

Moes. G. ainfalth, Isl. einfauld, A. S. anfeald, simplex. Immediately from S. a or ae one, and fald fold.

AFF, adv. Off, S.
Ross.

Moes. G. Isl. Su. G. Dan. Belg. af, Gr. ap?, af', Alem. and Lat. ab.

Aff at the knot, lunatic, deranged, S. B.
Gl. Shirrefs.
Aff and on.
1. Applied to those who lodge on the same floor, S.
2. Without any permanent change, used in relation to the sick, S.

Aff or on, determined one way or another, as in regard to a commercial transaction, S.

AFFCAST, s. A castaway.
Bruce.

From aff off, and cast.

AFFCOME, s.
1. The termination of any business, the reception one meets with, as, "I had an ill affcome," S.
2. Sometimes used in the sense of escape, S. q. "coming off."

AFFECTUOUS, adj. Affectionate.
V. Effectuous.
Abp. Hamiltoun.

AFFER, AFEIR, EFFEIR, EFFERE, s.
1. Condition, state.
Barbour.
2. Warlike preparation, equipment for war.
Wallace.
3. Appearance, shew.
Barbour.
4. Demeanour, deportment.
Maitland P.
V. Fair, Fere.

AFFERD, part. pa. Afraid, O. E. affered, vulgar E. afeard.
Douglas.

A. S. afaered, territus.

AFFERIS, EFFEIRS, v. impers.
1. Becomes, belongs to, is proper or expedient; frequently used in our laws.
Barbour.
2. It sometimes signifies what is proportional to, S.
Acts Counc.

O. Fr. affer-ir, appartenir, Lat. affero.

AFF-HAND, adj. Plain, honest, blunt, given to free speaking. S. affin-hand, Ang.

AFF-HAND, adv. Without premeditation, S.
Ramsay.

AFFLUFF, AFFLOOF, adv.
1. Without book, off hand.
To repeat aff lufe, to deliver merely from memory, without having a book or notes, S.
2. Extempore, without premeditation, S.
Ramsay.

From S. aff off, and lufe, the palm of the hand.

AFFPUT, s. Delay, or pretence for delaying. S.

AFFPUTTING, adj. Delaying, trifling, dilatory, putting off, S.

AFFRAY, s. Fear, terror; Chaucer, id.

Fr. affre, effroi, terreur.

Barbour.

AFFROITLIE, adv. Affrightedly.

Fr. effroy-er, to frighten.

Douglas.

AFFSET, s.
1. Dismission, the act of putting away, S.
2. An excuse, a pretence, S.
Ross.

Moes. G. afsat-jan, amovere.

AFFSIDE, s. The farther side of any object, S.

Su. G. afsides, seorsum.

AFLOCHT, AFLOUGHT, part. pa. Agitated, in a flutter, S.
V. Flocht.
Bellenden.

AFORGAYN, prep. Opposite to; the same with Foregainst, q. v.
Barbour.

A. S. onforan, ante, coram, and gean, contra; on being changed into ain S. and E., as onweg into away. Foran ongean, ex adverso.

AFORNENS, prep. Opposite to.
V. Fore-anent.
Wyntown.

AFTEN, adv. Often, S.
Ramsay.

A. S. aeft, iterum.

AFTER ANE, adv. Alike, in the same manner, in one form, S. i. e. after one.

AFTER-CLAP, s. Evil consequence, S.
Gl. Sibb.

AFTERHEND, adv. Afterwards.
V. Eftirhend.

AFTERINGS, AFT'RINS, s. pl. The last milk taken from a cow, S. Lancash. Derbysh. id.

A. S. aefter post.

Morison.

AGAYNE, AGANE, prep. Against, S.
Wyntown.

A. S. gean, agen, ongean, Su. G. gen, igen, Isl. gegn, gen, contra.

AGAIT, adv. On the way or road.
V. Gait.
Wallace.

A in the sense of on, and gait, a way.

AGATIS, adv. In one way, uniformly.
Barbour.

A, one, and gatis the plur. or genit. of A. S. gat, a way.

AGEE, A-JEE, adv.
1. To one side, S.
To look agye, to look aside, Gl. Yorks.
Ramsay.
2. A-jar, a little open, S.
Burns.

From a on, and jee, to move, to turn.

To AGENT, v. a. To manage, whether in a court of law, or by interest, S.
Baillie.

To AGGRISE, v. a. To affright, to fill with horror. Agryse, Chaucer, to shudder, to make to shudder.
Douglas.

A. S. agrys-an, horrere.

AGLEY, A-GLY, adv. Off the right line, obliquely, wrong, S.
Burns.
V. Gley.

AGRUFE, adv. In a flat or grovelling position, S.
V. Grufe.

AGWET, s. The name anciently given to the hill on which the castle of Edinburgh stands.
Hardyng.

Corr. from C. B. Agned, Castel mynyd Agned; perhaps, q. "the castle of the rifted mount," agen, signifying a cliff, ageniad, id. agenedig, rifted.

AHIND, AHINT, prep. Behind, S.
Buchan Poems.

A. S. hindan, post, aet hindan, a tergo, on-hinder, retrorsum.

AHIND, AHINT, adv.
1. Behind, in respect of place, S.
2. Late, as to time, S.
3. Applied to what remains, or is left, S.
Ross.

AICH, s. Echo, S. B.

AIGARS, s. Grain dried very much in a pot, for being ground in a quern or hand-mill. S. B.

Moes. G. akran, Su. G. aker, Isl. akur, corn; A. S. aecer, an ear of corn.

Hence,

AIGAR-MEAL, s. Meal made of grain dried in this manner, S.

AIGAR-BROSE, s. A sort of pottage made of this meal, S.

To AIGH, v. a. To owe, to be indebted; aighand, owing, S. B.

Su. G. aeg-a, Isl. eig-a, debere; Moes. G. aig-an, A. S. ag-an, habere, possidere.

AIGHINS, s. pl. What is owing to one, especially used as denoting demerit. When one threatens to correct a child who is in fault, it is a common expression, "I'll gie you your aighins," S. B.

Moes. G. aigins, possession.

AIGLET, s.
1. A tagged point.
Gl. Sibb.
2. A jewel in one's cap.
Gl. Sibb.

Fr. esguilette, id. q. aculeata.

AIK, AYK, s. The oak, S. Plur. akis, oaks.
Douglas.

A. S. ac, aec, Alem. Germ. eiche, Su. G. ek, Isl. eik, quercus.

AIKERIT, part. adj. Eared; weil yaikert, having full ears; applied to grain, Tweedd, Pron. yaikert.
V. Aigars.

AIKRAW, s. Pitted warty lichen, L. scrobiculatus, Linn. South of S.
V. Staneraw.
Lightfoot.

AYLE, s.
1. A projection from the body of a church, one of the wings of the transept, S.
2. An inclosed and covered burial place, adjoining to a church, though not forming part of it, S.
Spalding.

Moes. G. and A. S. alh, templum.

AILICKEY, s. The bridegroom's man, he who attends on the bridegroom or is employed as his messenger at a wedding, Ang.

Su. G. e marriage, and lackey, Fr. lacquay, a runner.

AIN, adj. Own, S.
V. Awin.

AYND, END, s. The breath; also written end; A. Bor. Yane, id.
Barbour.

Isl. Su. G. ande, A. S. ond, halitus, spiritus.

To AYND, EAND, v. a. To breathe upon.
Bellenden.

Isl. and-a, Su. G. and-as, respirare.

AYNDING, s. The act of breathing.
Douglas.

AYNDING-STEDE, s. A breathing-place.
Douglas.

AYNDLESSE, adj. Breathless, out of breath.
Barbour.

AINS, adv. Once.
V. Anis.

AIR, AYR, AR, ARE, adv.
1. Before, formerly.
Wallace.
2. Early.
Fell air, very early in the morning.
Airer, compar.; airest, superl.
Wyntown.
Are morrow, early in the morning.
Douglas.

Moes. G. air, A. S. aer, Alem. er, Belg. eer, ante, prius; also tempus matutinum.

AIR, adj. Early, S.
Journ. Lond.

AIR, s. Expl. "hair, used for a thing of no value."
Bannatyne Poems.

Isl. aur, the smallest thing imaginable.

AIR, AIRE, AYR, AYRE, AR, s. An oar; still used, S. B.
Wallace.

A. S. Alem. are, Isl. aar, Dan. aere, Su. G. ara.

AIR, AIRE, AYR, s. An heir.
Barbour.

Moes. G. arbi, Su. G. arf, Lat. haeres, id.

AYRSCHIP, s. Inheritance, S.
Acts Ja. III.

AIR, AYRE, AYR, s. An itinerant court of justice; E. Eyre.
Wallace.

Lat. iter, O. Fr. eire.

AIRN, s. Iron, S. Airns, pl. Fetters.

Isl. iarn, Su. G. iern.

V. Irne.

AIRT, ART, ARTH, AIRTH, s.
1. Quarter of the heaven, point of the compass, S.
Douglas.
2. A particular quarter of the earth.
Wallace.
On every art, on every hand, on all sides.
Douglas.

Gael. aird, a cardinal point; Germ. ort, wart, Belg. oorde, a place or quarter; Isl. vart, Moes. G. wairths, versus, towards.

To AIRT, ART, ERT, v. a.
1. To direct, to mark out a certain course, used with respect to the wind, as blowing from a particular quarter, S.
Law Case.
2. To give direction or instruction, in order to find out a certain person or place, or any other object, S.
Sir J. Sinclair.
3. To airt on, to urge forward, Galloway.
Davidson.

AIRT and PART.
V. Art.

AISLAIR, adj. Polished, S.
Abp. Hamiltoun.

AISMENT, AYSYAMENT, s. Used in the same sense with E. easement, as denoting assistance, accommodation.

Fr. aisement, commodum.

Stat. Rob. I.

AIT, oat or oaten.
V. Aits.
Douglas.

AITS, s. pl. Oats, S. Wild aits, bearded oat-grass, S. Avena fatua, Linn.

A. S. ata, ate, avena.

AITEN, adj. Oaten, S.
Ritson.

AITH, AYTHE, s. An oath.
V. Athe.

AITH, or AIFTLAND, s. That kind of land called infield, which is made to carry oats a second time after barley, and has received no dung. Ang.

Perhaps from A. S. aeft, iterum.

AITH-HENNES, s. pl. Apparently heath-hens, as being bred on the heath.
Skene.

AYSYAMENT, s.
V. Aisment.

AIZLE, s. A hot ember.
V. Eizel.

AKYN, adj. Oaken.
Douglas.

ALAGUST, s. Suspicion.
V. Allagust.

ALAIS, s. pl. Alleys.
Wallace.

ALAK,
Wallace.
V. Lak.

ALAMONTI, ALLAMOTTI, s. The storm finch, Procellaria pelagica, Linn. Orkn. The same with the Assilag of St Kilda.
Allamotti is the proper pronunciation.
Neill.

Ital. ala, a wing, and moto, motion.

ALANE, ALLANE, adj. Alone, S.
Wyntown.

Alem. alain, Germ. allein, alone; from all omnis, and ain, ein, unus.

ALANERLIE, adv.
V. Allanerly.

ALAREIT.
V. Lareit.

ALARS. Alars yet, apparently, the gate overspread with alder.
Palice Hon.

A. S. alr, Alem. ellra, the alder; Su. G. alar, of or belonging to the alder-tree.

ALAWE, adv. Downward, below.
V. Law, Lawe.

ALBLASTRIE, s. Apparently, the exercise of the cross-bow.
V. Awblaster.

ALCOMYE, s. Latten, a kind of mixed metal still used for spoons.
Hence, Accomie spunes, spoons made of alchymy, S. B.
Douglas.

From Fr. alquemie or O. E. alchymy.

ALD, ALDE, AULD, adj. Old, S. Yorks. O. E. ald, id.
Wyntown.
A. S. eald, Alem. alt, vetus; derived from A. S. eald-ian, to remain, to stay, to last, Alem. alten, to prolong.

To ALEGE, v. a. To absolve from allegiance.

Fr. alleg-er, id.

Wyntown.

ALEUIN, adj. Eleven.
Complaynt S.

ALGAIT, ALGATE, ALGATIS, adv.
1. Every way.
Douglas.
2. At all events, by all means.
Douglas.

O. E. all gate, R. Brunne; all gates, Chaucer. From all, and gait, or gatis, i. e. all ways.

ALHALE, ALHALELY, adv. Wholly, entirely.
Douglas.

From all, and hale, hail, whole.

ALIENARE, s. A stranger.
Douglas.

Lat. alien-us.

ALYA, ALLIA, ALLYA, ALLAY, s.
1. Alliance.
Wallace.
2. An ally.
Acts Ja. VI.
3. Sometimes used as a plural noun, signifying allies.
Bellenden.

Fr. allie, with a Saxon termination.

ALYAND, part. pr. Keeping close together.
Wallace.

Fr. alli-er, to join, to knit.

To ALYCHT, v. a. To enlighten.
Douglas.

A. S. alyht-an, illuminare; alyht-nysse, illuminatio.

ALIST. To come alist. To recover from faintness or decay, applied both to animals and vegetables; to recover from a swoon, S. B.
Ross.

Isl. lios, light; aliost, the dawn of day; at koma i liosi, to make manifest.

ALYTE, adv. A little.
V. Lite.
Lyndsay.

ALLAGRUGOUS, adj. Grim, ghastly.
Journ. Lond.

Perhaps from all, Moes. G. alla, and gruous, ghastly, q. v.

ALLAGUST, s. Suspicion.
Journ. Lond.

Fr. a le goust, has a taste or smack.

To ALLAYA, v. a. To ally.
Complaynt S.

Fr. alli-er.

ALLANERLIE, ALANERLY, ALLENARLY, adv. Only, solely, S.

From all, and anerly, only.

Reg. Maj.

ALL ANYS, adv. Together, in a state of union.
Wallace.

From all, A. S. eall, and anes, the genit. of an unus, q. all of one.

ALLARIS, ALLERIS, Common, universal, an old genitive used adjectively. O. E. alre, id.
Wyntown.

A. S. allera, genit. pl. of all, omnis; Belg. aller, id.

V. Aller.

ALLA-VOLIE, ALLE-VOLIE, adv. At random, S.

Fr. À la volÉe.

Philotus.

ALLA-VOLIE, ALLE-VOLIE, adj. Giddy, volatile; "An alle-volie chield," a volatile fellow, S.

ALLE-MEN, adj. Common, universal.
Popul. Ball.

Su. G. all-maen, communis, Teut. alle-man, omnis homo, al-ghemeyn, universus.

ALLAR, ALLER, s. The alder, a tree, S.
Statist. Acc.

ALLER, adv. Wholly, entirely, altogether. Aller-hale, a pleonasm.
Barbour.

O. E. alder, id. often prefixed to a superlative.

V. Allaris.

ALLERIS, s. pl. The same with Allaris.
Douglas.

ALLEVIN, part. pa. Allowed, admitted.
Bannatyne Poems.

A. S. alef-an, concedere, permittere; Su. G. lofw-a, Moes. G. laub-jan, id.

ALLIA.
V. Alya.

ALLYNS, adv. Altogether, thoroughly.
Gawan and Gol.

Su. G. alleingis, allaengis, A. S. allinga, eallenga, omnino, prorsus.

ALLKYN, ALKIN, adj. All kind of, Aw kin kind, S. B.
Douglas.

A. S. eall-cyn, omnigenus.

ALL OUT, adv. In a great degree, beyond comparison.
Barbour.

To ALLOW, v. a.
1. To approve of, generally with the prep. of subjoined.
Rollock.
2. To praise, to commend.
Douglas.

Fr. allou-er, approbare, Su. G. lofw-a, laudare.

ALLPUIST, APIEST, APIECE, conj. Although, S. B. abies, Loth.
Jour. Lond.

Perhaps corr. from albeit.

ALLRYN, adj. Constantly, progressive, applied to time.
Barbour.

A. S. all omnis, and rinn-an, currere.

ALLSTRYNE, adj. Ancient.
Maitland Poems.

A. S. ald, old, and strynd, generation, or stryn-an, to beget.

ALLTHOCHTE, conj. Although.
Douglas.

A. S. all, all, and thohte, part. pa. q. "every thing taken into consideration."
V. Thocht.

ALLUTERLIE, ALLUTTERLY, adv. Wholly, entirely.
Douglas.

A. S. all omnis, and uter, utter, exterior, from ut extra.

ALL-WEILDAND, adj. All-governing.
Wallace.

A. S. all, all, and weald-an, to govern; Franc. alluualt, Isl. all-valdur, omnipotent.

ALMANIE WHISTLE, a flagelet of a very small size, used by children, Aberd.

Thus denominated, because whistles of this kind were originally imported from Almanie, i. e. Germany.

ALMASER, ALMOSEIR, s. An almoner, or dispenser of alms.
Dunbar.

From Almous, alms.

ALMERIE, ALMORIE, s. Anciently a place where alms were deposited or distributed; in latter times used to denote a press or cupboard, where utensils for house keeping are laid up; the same with E. ambry.
Dunbar.

O. Fr. almoire, aumuire, A. S. almerige, repositorium, scrinium.

ALMOUS, ALMOWS, AUMIS, s. Alms, S. Almesse, O. E.
Wyntown.

A. S. almes, almesse; Sw. almosa; Gr. e?e??s??a.

ALPE, s. An elephant. Alpes bon, ivory.
Gl. Complaynt S.

A. S. elp, Lat. eleph-as; Heb. alaph, bos.

ALQUHARE, ALLQUHARE, adv. Every where.
Douglas.

From all, and quhare where.

ALRY, adj.
For its different senses, V. Elrische.

ALRYNE, s. Apparently a watch-tower, or the highest part of a castle.
Maitland Poems.

Su. G. hall-a defendere, hallare praesidium, hallarena watchmen.

ALS, conj. As; generally employed in the first part of a comparison; "Als fers as a lyoun," i. e. "As fierce as a lion."
Wallace.

From A. S. ealles, omnino; or eall swa, ita, tam.

ALS, ALSE, adv. Also, in the same manner.
V. Sua, Alsua.
Barbour.

A. S. eall swa, etiam.

ALSAME, ALSAMEN, adv. Altogether.
Douglas.

From A. S. eall all, and same together. Alem. alsamen, simul.

ALSMEKLE, adv. As much.
Acts Ja. I.

From als, and mekle, much, great.

ALSONE, adv. As soon, with as subjoined.
Barbour.

Properly als sone, A. S. eall swa sona.

ALSUA, adv. Also.
Barbour.

A. S. alswa, sicut.

ALSWYTH, adv. Forthwith
Barbour.

From all, and swith, quickly, q. v.

ALUTERLY, adv.
V. Alluterlie.

ALWAIES, ALWAYIS, conj. Although; notwithstanding, however.
Bellenden.

AMAILLE, s. Enamel.
King's Quair.

Fr. Belg. email, Dan. amel; Teut. mael-en pingere, A. S. mael, imago.

AMAIST, adv. Almost, S. ameast, Westmorel.
Ross.

A. S. ealmaest, Belg. almeest, id.

AMANG, AMANGIS, prep.
1. Among; amang, S. Westmorel.
Wyntown.
2. At intervals, occasionally.
Barbour.

A. S. meng-an, Su. G. maeng-a, Isl. meng-a, to mix, to blend.

AMBASSATE, AMBASSIAT, s. An embassy, as denoting the persons sent considered collectively.
Douglas.

Fr. ambassade, id.

AMBRY, s. A press in which the provision for the daily use of a family in the country is locked up, S.
V. Almerie.

To AMEISE, AMESE, AMEYSS, v. a. To mitigate, to appease.
Barbour.

Franc. mezz-an, Germ. mass-en, moderari, mitigare; C. B. masw, soft.

AMENE, adj. Pleasant.
Douglas.

Lat. amoen-us, id.

AMERAND, adj. Green, verdant; probably written ameraud.
Douglas.

From the colour of the emerald, Fr. emeraud.

AMERIS, AUMERS, s. pl. Embers; aumers, S. B.
Douglas.

A. S. aemyria, Belg. ameren, Isl. eimyria, favilla.

AMYRALE, s. An admiral.
Wyntown.

Fr. amiral; Arab. amir, a lord, ameer al omrah, prince of the princes.

To AMIT, v. a. to admit.
Wallace.

AMMELYT, part. pa. Enamelled.
Douglas.

Fr. emaill-er, L. B. amayl-are, id.

To AMMONYSS, v. a. To admonish, to counsel.
V. Monesting.
Barbour.

AMORETTIS, s. pl. Loveknots, garlands.
King's Quair.

Fr. amourettes, love-tricks, dalliances, Cotgr.

To AMOVE, AMOW, v. a. To move with anger, to vex, to excite.
Wyntown.

Fr. emouv-oir, id.

AMOUR, s. Love.
Douglas.

Fr. id. Lat. amor.

AMSCHACH, s. A misfortune. S. B.
Ross.

Ir. Gael. anshogh, adversity, misery.

AMSHACK, s. Noose, fastening; probably the same with Ham-shackel, q. v.
Gl. Sibb.

To AN, v. a.
1. To appropriate, to allot as one's own.
Sir Tristrem.
2. To owe, to be indebted to.
Sir Trist.

Su. G. egn-a proprium facere, from egen proprius; A. S. agnian possidere, from agen proprius.

AN, AND, conj.
1. If, S. "If, and An, spoils mony a gude charter," S. Prov.
Barbour.
2. Sometimes used as equivalent to E. although.
W. Guthrie.

Su. G. aen si, et; Isl. end, id.

To ANALIE, v. a. To dispone, to alienate; a juridical term.
Reg. Maj.

By transposition from Lat. alien-are.

ANALIER, s. One who alienates property, by transporting it to another country.

Lat. alien-ator.

Stat. Rob. I.

To ANAME, v. a. To call over names, to muster.
Wyntown.

To ANARME, ANNARME, v. a. To arm.
Acts Ja. I.

ANCLETH, HANCLETH, s. The ancle.
Gl. Sibb.

AND, conj.
V. An.

ANE, adj. One, S.
Barbour.

Moes. G. ain; A. S. an, ane; anc. Su. G. an; mod. Su. G. en; Isl. Germ. ein; Belg. een, id.

ANE, article, signifying one, but with less emphasis.
Barbour.

To ANE, v. n. To agree, to accord. Pret. anyd.
Wyntown.

Germ. ein-en, concordare, convenire; Su. G. en-a, firmiter aliquid proponere; Isl. eining, unio; Su. G. enig; Germ. einig. concors.

ANEABIL, s. A single woman; properly one who is used as a concubine.
Reg. Maj.

O. Fr. anable, habile, capable, convenable, from L. B. inhabil-is, valde habilis; Gl. Roquefort.

ANEDING, s. Breathing.
V. Aynd, v.
Barbour.

ANEFALD, adj. Honest, acting a faithful part, the same with Afald.
Douglas.

ANELIE, adv. Only.
R. Bruce.

ANELYD, part. pa. Aspired; literally, panted for.
Wyntown.

Fr. anhel-er, to aspire after; Lat. anhel-are, L. B. anel-are.

ANENS, ANENST, ANENT, ANENTIS, prep.
1. Over against, opposite to, S.
Barbour.
2. Concerning, about, in relation to; still used by old people, S.
Acts Ja. I.

Gr. a?a?t?, oppositum; A. S. ongean, ex adverso.

To ANERD, ANNERE.
V. Anherd.

ANERLY, ANYRLY, adv. Only, alone, singly. Hence allanerly.
Barbour.

A. S. anre, tantum; Germ. einer, solus, from an and ein, unus.

ANERLY, ANERLIE, adj. Single, solitary; only.
G. Buchanan.

ANETH, prep. Beneath, S.
Bord. Minstrelsy.

A. S. on in, and neothan, deorsum; Isl. nedan, Belg. neden. Su. G. ned. id.

ANEUCH, adv. (gutt.) Enough, S.
Dunbar.

A. S. genog, genoh, satis, deduced by H. Tooke from genog-an, multiplicare; perhaps rather from Moes. G. janoh multi, many.

ANEWIS, s. pl. "Budding flowers," Tytler.
King's Quair.

Perhaps rings, from Fr. anneau, annulus.

ANGELL-HEDE, s. The hooked or barbed head of an arrow.
Wallace.

A. S. Dan. Germ. angel, a hook, an angle; Teut. anghel, a sting, O. Teut. anghel-en, to sting.

ANGIR, s. Grief, vexation.
Wyntown.

Gr. ??????, grief; Isl. angr, dolor, moeror; Su. G. Isl. angra, dolore afficere, deduced by Ihre from aung-a premere, arctare.

To ANHERD, ANERD, ANNERE, ENHERDE, v. n. To consent, to adhere.
Wyntown.

A. S. anhraed, anraed, signifies constans, concors, unanimis; apparently from an one, and raed counsel. But I find O. Fr. enherdance rendered by Roquefort, adherence, attachment. Lat. inhaerere, to cleave, or stick fast in, or to, is therefore the more probable origin.

ANIEST, adv. or prep. On this side of, Ayrs.; q. "on the nearest side." This is opposed to Adist, adiest, on that side.

A. S. on neawiste, in vicinia, prope ad; or on and neahst proximus, from neah near, E. nigh.

ANYD, pret. Agreed.
V. Ane, v.

ANYNG, s. Agreement, concord.
Wyntown.

ANIS, ANYS, AINS, adv. Once; pron. as ainze, or yince, S. eenze, S. B.
Douglas.

The genit. of A. S. an, unus, one, anes unius, also rendered semel, q. actio unius temporis.

ANIS, ANNIS, s. pl.
1. Asses.
Chron. S. P.
2. Metaphor used for foolish fellows.
Bannatyne P.

Fr. asne, Lat. asinus; Su. G. asna, Isl. esne.

ANYS, the genitive of Ane, one.
V. Anis.

ANKER-SAIDELL, HANKERSAIDLE, s. A hermit, an anchorite.
Philotus.

A. S. ancer-setle, an anchorite's cell or seat, a hermitage; from ancer, a hermit, Lat. anachoreta, Gr. a?a????t??.

ANKERSTOCK, s. A large loaf, of an oblong form. The name is extended to a wheaten loaf, but properly belongs to one made of rye, S.
Gl. Sibb.

Q. an anchorite's stock, or supply; or from some fancied resemblance to the stock of an anchor.

ANLAS, s. Properly "a kind of knife or dagger usually worn at the girdle," as the term occurs in Chaucer; but used to denote a pike fixed in the cheveron of a horse.
Sir Gawan.

Franc. anelaz, analeze, adlaterale telum, from lez latus, the side; C. B. anglas, a dagger; L. B. anelac-ius, id.

ANN, s. A half-year's salary legally due to the heirs of a minister, in addition to what was due expressly according to the period of his incumbency, S.
Acts Cha. II.

Fr. annate, L. B. annata.

ANMAILLE, s. Enamel.
V. Amaille.

To ANORNE, v. a. To adorn.
Douglas.

L. B. inorn-are, Tertullian.

ANSE, ANZE, ENSE, conj. Else, otherwise, Ang.

Allied perhaps to Su. G. annars alias.

To ANTER, v. n.
1. To adventure, S. B.
Ross.
2. To chance, to happen, S. B.
Journ. Lond.
3. In the form of a participle, as signifying occasional, single, rare.
An antrin ane, one of a kind met with singly and occasionally, or seldom, S.
Ferguson.

To be viewed as the same with Aunter, q. v.

ANTERCAST, s. A misfortune, a mischance, S. B.
Ross.

Anter, or aunter, adventure, and cast, a chance, q. something accidental.

ANTETEWME, s. "Antetune, antiphone, response," L. Hailes.
Bannatyne P.

ANTYCESSOR, ANTECESSOWR, ANTECESTRE, s. An ancestor, a predecessor. Lat. antecessor.
Wallace.

APAYN, part. pa. Provided, furnished.
Barbour.

Fr. appan-É, having received a portion, appan-er to give a portion, L. B. apan-are, id. from pain, Lat. pan-is, as originally denoting the supply of bread and other necessaries of life.

APAYN, adv.
1. Reluctantly, unwillingly; sometimes written distinctly, a payn.
Barbour.
2. Hardly, scarcely.
Wallace.
3. It seems improperly used for in case.
Wallace.
4. Under pain, at the risk of. In editions, on payn.
Wallace.

Fr. À peine, "scarcely, hardly, not without much ado," Cotgr.

A PER SE, "An extraordinary or incomparable person; like the letter A by itself, which has the first place in the alphabet of almost all languages;" Rudd. Chaucer id.
Douglas.

APERSMAR, APIRSMART, adj. Crabbed, ill-humoured; snell, calschie, S. synon.
Douglas.

A. S. afor, afre, Isl. apur, asper, (as apurkylde, acre frigus); and A. S. smeorte, Su. G. smarta, pain. Haldorson remarks, that the Isl. term is also applied to one of austere manners.

APERT, adj. Brisk, bold, free.
Barbour.

Fr. appert, expert, prompt; Lat. apparat-us, prepared.

APERT. In apert, adv. Evidently, openly.
Barbour.

Fr. apert, appert, open, evident; from appar-oir, Lat. appar-ere, to appear.

APERTLY, adv. Briskly, readily.
V. Apert, adj.
Barbour.

APIEST, APIECE, conj. Although.
V. Allpuist.

APILL RENYEIS, s. pl. A string, or necklace of beads; q. a rein or bridle of beads, formed like apples.
Dunbar.

APLIGHT, adv. Completely; O. E. apliht.
Sir Tristrem.

A. S. on and pliht periculum, pliht-an periculo objicere se.

APON, APOUN, prep. Upon, S.
Barbour.

A. S. ufa, Su. G. uppa, insuper, and on.

APORT, APORTE, s. Deportment, carriage.
Wyntown.

Fr. apport, from apport-er, to carry; Lat. ad and port-are.

To APPAIR, v. a. To injure, to impair, O. E. apeir.
Detect. Q. Mary.

Fr. emper-er, id.

V. Pare, v.

APPARELLE, APPARYLE, APPARAILL, s. Equipage, furniture for warfare, preparations for a siege, whether for attack or defence; ammunition.
Barbour.

Fr. appareil, provision, furniture, preparations for war.

APPIN, adj. Open, S.
Complaynt S.

Dan. aaben apertus; Isl. opna foramen. Wachter derives Germ. offen, apertus, from auf up.

APPLERINGIE, s. Southernwood, S. Artemisia abrotanum, Linn.

Fr. apilÉ strong, and auronne southernwood, from Lat. abrotanum, id.

To APLEIS, APPLESS, v. a. To satisfy, to content, to please.
Wallace.

Apparently from an obsolete Fr. v. of the form of applaire.

APPLY, s. Plight, condition.
Sir Egeir.

Fr. pli state, habit.

To APPORT, v. a. To bring, to conduce.

Fr. apport-er, id.

R. Bruce.

To APPREUE, APPRIEVE, v. a. To approve.
Douglas.

Fr. approuver, Lat. approbare.

AR, ARE, adv. Formerly; also, early.
V. Air.

To AR, ARE, ERE, v. a. To plough, to till, S. to ear, E
Douglas.

Moes. G. ar-ian, Su. G. aer-ia. Isl. er-ia, A. S. er-ian, Alem. err-en, Germ. er-en, Gr. a?-e??, Lat. ar-are. Ihre views Heb. ??? ar-etz, earth, as the fountain.

ARAGE, ARRAGE, ARYAGE, AUARAGE, AVERAGE, s. Servitude due by tenants, in men and horses, to their landlords. This custom is not entirely abolished in some parts of Scotland. "Arage and carriage" is a phrase still commonly used in leases.
Skene.

L. B. averag-ium, from aver-ia, a beast for work; and this perhaps from Fr. ouvre work.

To ARAS, ARRACE, v. a.
1. To snatch or pluck away by force.
Wyntown.
2. To raise up.
Douglas.

This sense is so different from the former, that it might rather seem to be put for arraise, q. to raise up.

Fr. arrach-er, to tear, to pull by violence; to pull up by the roots, from Lat. eradic-are.

ARBY, s. The sea-gilliflower, Orkn.
Neill.

ARBY-ROOT, s. The root of the sea-pink, or Statice armeria, Orkn.

ARCH, ARGH, AIRGH, ERGH, (gutt.) adj.
1. Averse, reluctant; often including the idea of timidity as the cause of reluctance, S.
Douglas.
2. Apprehensive, filled with anxiety, S. Chaucer, erke, weary, indolent.
Popul. Ball.

A. S. earg, desidiosus, iners, slothful, sluggish, earh fugax, "timorous, and ready to run away for fear," Somn. Isl. arg-ur, reformidans; arg-r piger, deses; Su. G. arg, ignavus. Among the Goths argur, L. B. arga, denoted a poltroon, a coward.

To ARCH, ARGH, v. n. To hesitate, to be reluctant.
V. Ergh, v.

ARCHNES, ARGHNESS, s.
1. Reluctance, backwardness.
Wodrow.
2. Obliquely used for niggardliness, q. reluctance to part with any thing.
Legend Bp. St Androis.

To AREIK, ARREIK, v. a. To reach, to extend.
Douglas.

A. S. arecc-an, assequi, to get, to attain.

AREIR, adv. Back.
To rin areir, to decline.
Lyndsay.

Fr. arriere backward; Lat. a retro.

ARESOUND, pret. Perhaps, called in question; Fr. aresoner, interroger, questionner, demander; ratiocinari; Gl. Roquefort. Areson is used by R. Brunne in the sense of persuade, or reason with.

Sir Tristrem.

ARETTYT, part. pa. Accused, brought into judgment.
Barbour.

L. B. rect-are, ret-are, arett-are, accusare, in jus vocare, Du Cange.

ARGENT CONTENT, Ready money. Fr. argent comptant, id.
Bellenden.

To ARGH, v. n. To hesitate.
V. Arch, and Ergh, v.

ARGIE, s. Assertion in a dispute, the specific plea which one uses in disputation, S. B.

Su. G. ierga, semper eadem obgannire; Isl. iarg-r, keen contention.

To ARGLE-BARGLE, AURGLE-BARGIN, v. n. To contend, to bandy backwards and forwards, S.
Argle-bargin, Loth. Eaggle-bargin, synon.
Ramsay.

Isl. arg enraged, jarg-a to contend.

To ARGONE, ARGOWNE, ARGWE, ARGEW, v. a.
1. To argue, to contend by argument.
Bannatyne Poems.
2. To censure, to reprehend, to chide with.
Wallace.

Fr. argu-er, Lat. argu-ere.

ARGUESYN, s. The lieutenant of a galley; he who has the government and keeping of the slaves committed to him.
Knox.

Fr. argousin, satelles remigibus regendis et custodiendis praepositus, Dict. Trev.

To ARGUMENT, v. a. To prove, to shew.
Crosraguel.

Lat. argument-ari, to reason.

ARK, s. A large chest, especially one used for holding corn or meal, S.
Bannatyne Poems.

A. S. arce, erce, a chest, a coffer; Alem. arca; Su. G. ark, Lat. arca, Gael. arc.

Hence,

Eel-Ark, s. That kind of box which is placed in lakes, ponds, &c., for catching and retaining eels; a term common in old deeds.

ARK of a Mill, the place in which the centre-wheel runs, S.

ARK-BEIN, the bone called the os pubis, S. B.

To ARLE, v. a.
1. To give an earnest of any kind, S.
2. To give a piece of money for confirming a bargain, S.
3. To put a piece of money into the hand of a seller, at entering into a bargain, as a security that he shall not sell to another while he retains this money, S.
Skene.

L. B. arrh-are, arrhis sponsam dare, Fr. arrh-er, arr-er.

ARLES, ERLIS, ARLIS, ARLIS-PENNY, AIRLE PENNY, s.
1. An earnest of whatever kind, a pledge of full possession, S. A. Bor.
Wyntown.
2. A piece of money given for confirming a bargain, S. A. Bor.
Acts Ja. IV.
3. A piece of money put into the hands of a seller when one begins to cheapen any commodity; as a pledge that the seller shall not strike a bargain, or even enter into terms with another while he retains the arles, S.

Lat. arrhabo, arrha, Gael. iarlus, id.

ARLICH, ARLITCH, adj. Sore, fretted, painful, S. B.
V. Arr.

Su. G. arg iratus, arg-a laedere, Dan. arrig, troublesome; as we say, "an angry sore;" or from Su. G. aerr cicatrix, whence aerrig vulneratus.

ARLY, adv. Early.
Barbour.

A. S. arlice, matutinÈ.

ARMYN, ARMYNG. s. Armour, arms.
Wyntown.

ARN, s. The alder; a tree, S. pronounced in some counties q. arin.

C. B. uern, Arm. vern, guern, Gael. fearn, alnus.

ARN, v. subst. Are, the third pers. plural; Chaucer arn.
Sir Gawan.

A. S. aron, sunt.

ARNS, s. pl. The beards of corn, S. B. synon. awns.

Franc. arn spica.

ARNUT, LOUSY ARNOT, s. Tall oat-grass or pignut; Bunium bulbocastanum, or flexuosum, Linn. S.
Yurnut.
A. Bor.
Lightfoot.

Corr. from earth-nut.

ARR, s. A scar, S. A. Bor.
Pock-arrs, the marks left by the small-pox, S. Lancash.

Su. G. aerr, Isl. aer, cicatrix.

ARRED, part. adj. Scarred, having the marks of a wound or sore.
Hence, Pock arred, marked by the small-pox, S.

Dan. arred cicatrised; Isl. aerra cicatrices facere.

To ARRACE.
V. Aras.

ARRONDELL, s. The swallow, a bird.
Burel.

Fr. arondelle, hirondelle, from Lat. hirundo, id.

ARSECOCKLE, s. A hot pimple on the face or any part of the body, S. B. The term seems originally to have been confined to pimples on the hips; synon. with Teut. aers bleyne, tuberculus in ano.

ARSEENE, s. The quail.
Houlate.

A. S. aerschen, coturnix, also erschenn, from ersc and henn, q. gallina vivarii.

ARSELINS, adv. Backwards, Clydes. S. B.
Ross.

Belg. aersel-en, to go backwards; aerseling receding; aerselincks, retro.

ARSOUN, s. Buttocks.
Barbour.

ART, ARD.
This termination of many words, denoting a particular habit or affection, is analogous to Isl. and Germ. art, Belg. aart, nature, disposition; as E. drunkard, bastard; Fr. babillard, a stutterer; S. bombard, bumbart, a drone, stunkart, of a stubborn disposition; hastard, hasty, passionate.

ART and PART, Accessory to, or abetting, a forensic phrase, S. used in a bad sense. Art denotes the instigation or advice, Part the share that one has in the commission of a crime.
Erskine.

The terms are frequently used in the way of discrimination, "Art or part."

Wyntown.

Borrowed from the Lat. phrase, Artem et partem habuit.

ARTAILYE, s. Artillery; applied to offensive weapons of what kind soever, before the introduction of fire arms.
V. Artillied.
Wallace.

ARTATION, s. Excitement, instigation.
Bellenden.

L. B. artatio, from arto for arcto, arc, to constrain.

ARTILLIED, part. pa. Provided with artillery.
Pitscottie.

Fr. artill-er, to furnish with ordinance.

ARTHURY'S HUFE, the name given to the constellation Arcturus.
Douglas.
V. Hoif.

ARTOW, Art thou? used interrogatively, S. the verb and pronoun being often, in colloquial language, conjoined in Scottish, as in Germ. and Isl.

Isl. ertu, id.

King's Quair.
Ertow, id.
Ywaine and Gawin.

AS, conj. Than, S. synon. with nor.
Kelly.

AS, ASS, ASSE, ALSE, s. Ashes; plur. assis, S. ass and aiss; A. Bor. ass, Cumberl. esse, id.
Dunbar.

Moes. G. asja, Alem. asca, Germ. and Belg. asche, Su. G. and Isl. aska, cinis.

ASSHOLE, s. The place for receiving the ashes under the grate; S. Lancash. esshole, ashole, id.
V. Preceding word.

ASCHET, s. A large flat plate on which meat is brought to the table, S.

Fr. assiette, "a trencher-plate," Cotgr.

ASYNIS, s. pl. Asses.
Bellenden.

Fr. asne, Lat. asin-us.

ASK, AWSK, s. An eft, a newt; a kind of lizard, S.; asker, A. Bor.
Wyntown.

Germ. eidechs, eidex; Franc. edehsa; A. S. athexe; Belg. egdisse, haagdisse, id. Wachter deduces the Germ. word from ey, eg, ovum, and tyg-en gignere, q. "produced from an egg."

ASKLENT, ASCLENT, ASKLINT, adv. Obliquely, asquint, on one side, S. Aslant, E.
R. Bruce.

Swed. slant, obliquus, from slind latus.

ASPECT, s. The serpent called the asp, or aspik, Fr. aspic.
Burel.

ASPERANS, adj. Lofty, elevated, pompous; applied to diction.
Wallace.

Fr. aspirant, Lat. aspirans, aspiring.

ASPERT, adj. Harsh, cruel.
King's Quair.

Fr. aspre, Lat. asper.

ASPYNE, s. From the connexion, apparently meant to denote a boat.
Barbour.

Swed. esping, a long boat, Teut. hespinghe, espinck, cymba, a small boat.

ASPRE, adj. Sharp.
V. Aspert.
Wallace.

ASPRESPER, s. Perhaps q. "sharp spear;" like aspre bow, also used by Blind Harry.
Wallace.

Fr. asper, dur, rude, bÂton noueux; Gl. Roquefort.

ASPRIANCE, s.
V. Asperans.

To ASS, v. a. To ask.
Henrysone.

Germ. eisch-en, Fran. eiscon, interrogare.

ASS, s. Ashes.
V. As.

To ASSAILYIE, v. a. To attack, to assail.
Wallace.

Fr. assaill-ir; L. B. adsal-ire, assal-ire, invadere, aggredi.

ASSAYIS, s. Assize, convention.
Wyntown.

ASSEDATION, s.
1. A lease; a term still commonly used in our legal deeds, S.
Balfour.
2. The act of letting in lease.

L. B. assedatio.

Chalmerl. Air.

To ASSEGE, v. a. To besiege.
Wyntown.

Fr. assieg-er, L. B. assidiare, obsidere; from Lat. ad, and sedeo.

To ASSEMBLE, v. n. To join in battle.
Wyntown.

Fr. assembl-er, from Su. G. saml-a, Germ. saml-en, Belg. zamel-en, congregare; from Su. G. and Germ. sam, a prefix denoting association and conjunction.

ASSEMBLÉ, s. Engagement, battle.
Wyntown.

ASSENYHE, s. The word of war.

Corr. from Ensenyie, q. v.

Barbour.

ASSILAG, s. The stormy petrel, a bird; Procellaria pelagica, Linn.
Martin.

Perhaps from Gael. eascal, Ir. eashal, a storm.

ASSILTRIE, s. An axle-tree.
Douglas.

Fr. asseul, Ital. assile, axis.

To ASSYTH, ASSYITH, SYITH, SITHE, v. a. To make a composition to another, to satisfy, Old E. asseeth, asseth, id.
Acts Ja. I.

Lat. ad and A. S. sithe, vice; Skinner. Rather from Su. G. and Isl. saett-a conciliare; reconciliare. Ir. and Gael. sioth-am, to make atonement.

ASSYTH, ASSYTHMENT, SYTH, SITHEMENT, s. Compensation, satisfaction, atonement for an offence. Assythment is still used as a forensic term. S. O. E. aseeth, Wiclif.
Wyntown.

This word is still in use in our courts of law, as denoting satisfaction for an injury done to any party.
Su. G. saett, reconciliation, or the fine paid in order to procure it.

To ASSOILYIE, v. a.
1. To acquit, to free from a charge or prosecution; a forensic term much used in our courts, S.
Reg. Maj.
2. To absolve from an ecclesiastical censure; as from excommunication.
Bellenden.

Old E. assoil, asoilen, and asoul, denote the absolution by a priest; P. Ploughman.

3. To pronounce absolution from sin, in consequence of confession.
Abp. Hamiltoun.
4. To absolve from guilt one departed, by saying masses for the soul; according to the faith of the Romish church.
Barbour.
5. Used improperly, in relation to the response of an oracle; apparently in the sense of resolving what is doubtful.
Douglas.
6. Also used improperly, as signifying to unriddle.
Z. Boyd.

O. Fr. assoilÉ, absoillÉ, dechargÉ, absous, despensÉ; Gl. Roquefort; corr. from Lat. absolv-ere.

To ASSONYIE, ESSONYIE, v. a.
1. To offer an excuse for absence from a court of law.
Stat. K. Will.
2. Actually to excuse; the excuse offered being sustained.
Quon. Attach.
3. To decline the combat, to shrink from an adversary.
Wallace.
O. E. asoyned, excused; R. Glouc. Essoine, a legal excuse, Chaucer.

V. Essonyie, s.

Fr. essoyner, exon-ier, to excuse from appearing in court, or going to the wars. Su. G. son-a, Germ. sun-en, to reconcile, to explain; Moes. G. sunj-an, to justify.

ASSURANCE, s. To take assurance of an enemy; to submit, to do homage, under the condition of protection.
Complaynt S.

Fr. donner assurement, fidem dare; L. B. assecur-are, from Lat. ad and secur-us.

ASTALIT, part. pa. Decked or set out.
Gawan and Gol.

Fr. estail-er, to display, to shew.

To ASTART, ASTERT, v. n.
1. To start, to fly hastily.
King's Quair.
2. To start aside from, to avoid.
King's Quair.

Teut. steert-en, to fly; Germ, starz-en, to start up.

ASTEER, adv. In confusion, in a bustling state; S. q. on stir.
Ritson.

ASTRE, s. A star; Fr.
Chron. S. Poet.

AT, conj. That; O. E. id. Gower.
Barbour.

Dan. and Swed. at, quod; Su. G. att, a conjunction corresponding to Lat. ut.

AT, pron. That, which.
Wyntown.

AT ALL, adv. "Altogether," Rudd.; perhaps, at best, at any rate.
Douglas.

ATANIS, ATTANIS, ATANYS, ATONIS, adv. At once; S. at ainze.
V. Anis, Anys.
Gawan and Gol.

ATCHESON, ATCHISON, s. A billon coin, or rather copper washed with silver, struck in the reign of James VI., of the value of eight pennies Scots, or two-thirds of an English penny.
Ruddiman.

From the name of the assay-master of the mint.

ATHARIST, Houlate III. 10.
V. Citharist.

ATHE, AITH, AYTHE, s. An oath; plur. athis.
Barbour.

Moes. G. aith, A. S. ath, Precop. eth, Isl. aed, Su. G. ed, Dan. and Belg. eed, Alem. and Germ. eid, juramentum.

ATHER, conj. Either.
V. Athir.
R. Bruce.

ATHIL, ATHILL, HATHILL, adv. Noble, illustrious.
Houlate.

A. S. aethel, nobilis; whence Aetheling, Atheling, a youth of the blood royal; Su. G. adel, id.; adling, juvenis nobilis; deduced from ancient Gothic aelt, kindred. C. B. eddyl is also equivalent to Lat. gens, cognatio.

ATHIL, HATHEL, s. A noble prince, a man, an illustrious personage; plur. athilles, (erroneously achilles,) hatheles.
Sir Gawan and Sir Gal.

ATHIR, ATHYR, pron.
1. Either, whichsoever.
Wyntown.
2. Mutual, reciprocal.
Bellenden.

A. S. aegther, uterque.

V. Either.

ATHORT, prep. Through, S.; athwart, E.
V. Thortour.
Baillie.

ATHORT, adv. Abroad, far and wide.
Baillie.

ATIR, EATIR, s. Gore, blood mixed with matter.
Douglas.

A. S. ater, aetter, aettor; Alem. eitir, Isl. and Germ. eiter, Su. G. etter, venenum; from Alem. eit-en, to burn.

ATO, adv. In twain.
Sir Tristrem.

A. S. on twa, in duo.

ATOUR, s. Warlike preparation.

Fr. atour, attire.

Barbour.

ATOUR, ATTOURE, prep.
1. Over, S.
Wallace.
2. Across, S.
Wallace.
3. Beyond, as to time; exceeding.
Quon. Att.
4. Exceeding in number.
Wyntown.

Fr. a tour, en tour, au tour, circum; or Su. G. at, denoting motion towards a place, and oefwer, over.

ATOUR, ATTOUR, adv.
1. Moreover, By and attour, id. Laws, S.
Pitscottie.
2. Out from, or at an indefinite distance from the person speaking, or the object spoken of.
Douglas.
To stand attour, to keep off; to go attour, to remove to some distance, S.
By and attour, prep. Besides, over and above, S.
Spalding.

ATRY, ATTRIE, adj.
1. Purulent, containing matter; applied to a sore that is cankered, S.
R. Bruce.
2. Stern, grim, S. B.; attern, fierce, cruel, snarling; Gloucest.
V. Atir, Eatir.
Ross.

Belg. etterig, full of matter; eiter-en, to suppurate.

ATRYS, s. pl. Perhaps from Fr. atour, a French hood.
Watson's Coll.

ATRYST, s. Appointment, assignation,
V. Tryst.
Dunbar.

ATTAMIE, A skeleton, S.

Abbreviated from Fr. anatomie.

ATTEILLE, ATTEAL, ATTILE, s. Apparently the wigeon; being distinguished from the teal.
Acts Ja. VI.

Isl. tialld-r, turdus marinus.

ATTELED, part. pa. Aimed.
Sir Gawan and Sir Gal.
V. Ettle.

ATTEMPTAT, s. A wicked or injurious enterprise.
Bellenden.

L. B. attemptat-io, nefaria molitio, scelus, Gall. attentat; Du Cange.

ATTER-CAP, ATTIR-COP, s.
1. A spider, S. Attercop, attercob, id. A. Bor.
Montgomery.
2. An ill-natured person; one of a virulent or malignant disposition, S.

A. S. atter-coppe, atter-coppa, aranea, from atter venenum, and coppe calix, q. "a cup full of venom;" like Isl. eitrorm a serpent, i. e. "a poisonous worm."

ATTOUR, prep.
V. Atour.

ATWEESH, prep. Between.
Shirrefs.

Franc. tuisc, entuishan, Belg. tuschen, inter.

AVA', adv. At all, S.
Ross.

Corr. from af or of, and all.

AVAILL, s. Abasement, humiliation.
Dunbar.

Fr. aval-er, avall-er, to fall down; aval, en descendant, au bas, en bas; ad vall-em; Gl. Roquefort.

To AUALE, v. n. To descend.
V. Availl.
Douglas.

AUANT, AWANT, s. Boast, vaunt; Chaucer, id.
Douglas.

AVANTCURRIER, s. One of the fore-runners of an army, the same perhaps that are now called picquet-guards.
Godscroft.

Fr. avantcoureur, from avant before, and courir to run.

AUCHINDORAS, s. A large thorn-tree at the end of a house; Fife.

AUCHLIT, s. Two stones weight, or a peck measure, being half of the Kirkcudbright bushel; Galloway.

AUCHT, AWCHT, (gutt.) pret. of Aw.
1. Possessed. Auht, id. R.Brunne.
Wyntown.
2. Owed, was indebted, id. R. Brunne.
Wyntown.

AUCHT, (gutt.) v. imp. Ought, should.
Douglas.
Auchten occurs in the same sense.
Douglas.

A. S. aht-on, the third pers. plur. pret. of A. S. ag-an, possidere.

AUCHT, s. Possession, property; what is exclusively one's own. In aw my aucht, in my possession, viewed at its utmost extent, S.
V. Best Aucht.
Bannatyne Poems.

A. S. aht; Moes. G. aigin, aihn, peculiaris ac propria possessio.

AUCHT, (gutt.) adj. Eight, S. auhte, O. E. id. R. Brunne.
Wyntown.

Moes. G. aht-au, A. S. eaht-a, Germ. aht, Belg. acht, Isl. and Su. G. att-a, Gael. ocht, Lat. oct-o.

AUCHTAND, AUCHTEN, adj. The eighth. Isl. aatunde, octavus.
Douglas.

AVENAND, adj. Elegant in person and manners.
Gawan and Gol.

Fr. advenant, avenant, handsome; also, courteous.

AVENTURE, In aventure, adv. Lest, perchance.
V. Aunter.
Bellenden.

Fr. À l'aventure, id.

AVER, AVIR, AIVER, s.
1. A horse used for labour, a cart-horse, S.
Bellenden.
2. An old horse, one that is worn out with labour, S.
Dunbar.
3. A gelded goat, S.
V. Hebrun.
Statist. Acc.

L. B. afferi, affri, jumenta vel cavalli colonici; averia, averii, equi, boves, jumenta; Du Cange.

V. Arage.

AVERIL, s. Apparently a diminutive from aver, a beast for labour.
Dunbar.

AVERILE, AVYRYLE, s. April.
Wyntown.

AVERIN, AVEREN, AIVERIN, s. Cloudberry or knoutberry, S. Rubus chamaemorus, Linn.; eaten as a dessert in the north of S.
Ross.

Perhaps from Germ. aver wild, and en, a term now applied in Su. G. to the berry of the juniper; Gael. oidh' rac, oirak.

AVIL, s. The second crop after lea or grass; Galloway.
V. Awat.

AVILLOUS, adj. Contemptible, debased.
Chron. Scot. P.

Fr. avili, ie, in contemptionem adductus; Dict. Trev.

AUISE, s. Advice, counsel; avis, Chaucer; avys, R. Brunne.

Fr. avis.

Douglas.

AVYSE, AWISE, s. Manner, fashion.
Douglas.

A. S. wisa, wise, Alem. uuis, uuisa, Belg. wijse, modus.

AVISION, s. Vision; Chaucer, id.
Douglas.

Fr. avision, vision, fantaisie; Gl. Roquefort.

AUKWART, AWKWART, prep. Athwart, across.
Wallace.

AULD, s. Age.
Abp. Hamiltoun.

A. S. aeld senectus, Moes. G. alds aetas.

V. Eild.

AULDFARREN, adj. Sagacious, S.; audfarand, id. A. Bor.
Ramsay.

Moes. G. ald old, and Swed. far-a, Germ. far-en, experiri; Swed. faren, Isl. farinn, peritus; Belg. aervaaren, skilful.

AULD-MOU'D, adj. Sagacious in discourse; sometimes implying the idea of craft, S. B.
Ross.

From auld old, and mou' or mow, the mouth.

AULD-FATHER, s. A grandfather; a term used by some in the west of S.

A. S. eald-faeder, Belg. oud-vader, avus.

AULD-WARLD, adj. Antique, antiquated, S.
Ferguson.

From auld old, and warld world.

AULIN. Scouti-aulin, Dirty Aulin, the arctic gull, Orkn. Loth.
Pennant.
V. Scouti-Aulin, and Skaitbird.

AULTRAGES, AULTERAGES, s. pl. The emoluments arising from the offerings made at an altar, or from the rents appointed for the support of it.
Spotswood.

L. B. altarag-ium, alterag-ium, obventio altaris; Du Cange.

AUMERS, s. pl. Embers.
V. Ameris.

To AUNTER, AWNTYR, v. a. To hazard, to put into the power of accident.
Barbour.

Fr. aventur-er, risquer, mettre au hazard; Dict. Trev.

Aunter is used by Chaucer and Gower in a neuter sense.
V. Anter, v.

AUNTER, s. Adventure; O. E. antre, R. Brunne.
Sir Gawan and Sir Gal.

Fr. aventure, auenture, abbreviated.

AUNTEROUS, adj. Adventurous.
Gl. Sibb.

O. Fr. aventureux, hasardÉ; L. B. adventor-ius; Gl. Roquefort.

To AVOKE, v. a. To call away, to keep off.

Lat. avoc-are.

Baillie.

AVOUTERIE, ADVOUTERIE, s. Adultery.
Gl. Sibb.

O. Fr. avoutrie; Ital. avolteria; Lat. adulter-ium; Teut. vouter-en, fornicare, camerare.

AVOW, AVOWE, s.
1. A vow; used in the same sense by Chaucer.
Douglas.
2. Discovery, declaration; in modern language, avowal.
Minstrelsy Bord.

Fr. avou-er, to confess.

AUSTIE, adj. Austere, harsh.
Henrysone.

A. S. ostige, knotty, from ost, Teut. oest, a knot, properly in wood.

To AW, AWE, v. a. To owe, S.
Wallace.

Isl. aa, atte, debeo, debuit; A. S. ag, ahte; Su. G. a; Moes. G. aih, habeo, imperf. aiht-a.

V. Aigh, Aucht.

AW, sometimes to be viewed as the third pers. sing. of the v.; signifying owed, ought.
Wallace.

To AUCHT, AWCHT, AUGHT, v. a. To owe.
V. Aw.
Peblis to the Play.

AW, used for All, S.
Bannatyne P.
Wyth aw, withal.
Douglas.

AWA, adv. Away; the general pronunciation in S.
Douglas.

To AWAIL, AWAL, v. a.
1. To let fall.
Barbour.
2. To descend; used in a neuter sense.
Wallace.

Fr. aval-er, to go, or fall, down; also, to let fall; Teut. af-vall-en, decidere; af-val, casus; Su. G. afal, affal, lapsus.

To AWAILL, AWAILYE, v. n. To avail.
Barbour.

AWAY. This word seems to have been used occasionally as a verb.
Barbour.

A. S. aweg, away, may be viewed as the imperat. of awaeg-an, to take away, or awegg-an, to depart.

AWAYMENTIS, s. pl. Consultations; Gl. Perhaps preparations, or preliminaries.
Wyntown.

Perhaps from O. Fr. avoy-er, to put in train; avoyment, enquÊtÉ, ouverture; de via; Gl. Roquefort.

AWALT SHEEP, one that has fallen backward, or downhill, and cannot recover itself, S.
V. Awail.
Gl. Sibb.

To AWANCE, v. a. To advance.

Fr. avanc-er, id.

Wallace.

AWAT, s. Ground ploughed after the first crop from lea. The crop produced is called the awat-crap, also pronounced award; Ang. Avil, Galloway, aewall, Clydes. id.

A. S. afed, pastus, af-at, depastus; or Su. G. awat, afat, deficiens; or perhaps from af-val, diminution, as the same with Awalt, q. v.

AWAWARD, s. The vanguard.
Barbour.

Fr. avantgarde.

AWBYRCHOWNE, AWBERCHEOUN, s. The habergeon, or breastplate.
Wyntown.

Franc. halsberge, Isl. halsbeorg, collare chalybeum, from hals the neck, and berga to defend; Fr. haubergeon; L. B. halberg-ium.

AWBLASTER, s.
1. A crossbow-man, alblastere, and arblast, O. E.
Barbour.
2. The crossbow itself; Fr. arbaleste.
Wallace.

Fr. arbelestier, L. B. arcubalista, arbalista.

AWCY, s. Perhaps, pain, torment.

A. S. ace, aece, dolor.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gol.

AWEDE, adj. In a state approaching to insanity.
Sir Tristrem.

A. S. awed-an, awoed-an, insanire.

To AWENT, v. a. To cool or refresh by exposing to the air.
Barbour.

A. S. awynd-wian, ventilare, from wind, ventus.

AWERTY, AUERTY, adj. Cautious, experienced; auerty, R. Brunne.
Barbour.

Fr. averti, warned, advertised.

AWIN, AWYN, AWNE, adj. Own, proper, S. awne; Gl. Yorks. id. This is the common pron. of the south of S.; in other parts, ain.
Wallace.

Moes. G. aigin, aihn, proprius, A. S. agen, Germ. eighen, Belg. eyghen, Su. G. egen, id. from their respective verbs denoting right or property.

AWISE, s. Manner, fashion.
V. Avyse.

AWISE, AWYSEE, adj. Prudent, considerate, cautious.
Barbour.

Fr. avisÉ, prudens, cautus, consideratus; deduced in Dict. Trev. from Goth. wis-an, A. S. vis-an, with ad prefixed, L. B. avisare.

AWISELY, adv. Prudently, circumspectly.
Barbour.

AWMON, HEWMON, s. A helmet.
Gl. Sibb.

AMOUS, s. A cap or cowl; a covering for the head; printed aumons.
Houlate M. S.

L. B. almuc-ia, O. Fr. aumusse, from Germ. mutze, S. mutch.

AWNIE, adj. Bearded, S.
V. Next word.
Burns.

AWNS, s. pl. The beards of corn, S. Anes, Prov. E.
Bar awns, the beards of barley, Ang. Perths.

Moes. G. ahana, Su. G. agn, Gr. a??a, a???, chaff; Alem. agena, id.; also, a shoot or stalk.

AWP, WHAUP, s. The curlew, a bird, S.
V. Quhaip.
Gl. Sibb.

AWORTH, adv. "Worthily," Tytler.
King's Quair.

A. S. awyrth-ian, glorificare.

AWRO, Probably a wro, a corner.
Gl. Complaynt S.

Su. G. wra, pron. wro, angulus.

AWS, AWES, of a mill-wheel, s. The buckets or projections on the rims which receive the shock of the water as it falls, S.
Statist. Acc.

AWSK, s. The newt or eft.
V. Ask.

AWSOME, adj. Appaling, awful, S. B.
Rutherford.

AWSTRENE, adj. Stern, austere.
V. Asterne.
Henrysone.

Lat. auster-us, or A. S. styrn.

AWTAYNE, adj. Haughty.
Wyntown.

O. Fr. hautain, grand, sublime, elevÉ, Gl. Roquefort; from Lat. alt-us.

AWTER, s. An altar; Chaucer, id.

O. Fr. autiere, Lat. altare.

Barbour.

To AX, v. a. To ask, S. Asched, axede, asked; R. Glouc.
Ruddiman.

A. S. ahs-ian, ax-ian, interrogare.

AXIS, ACKSYS, s. pl. Aches, pains. Axes, id. Orkn.
King's Quair.

A. S. aece, dolor; egesa, horror; Moes. G. agis, terror.

AX-TREE, s. An axle-tree, S.

A. S. eax, ex; Alem. ahsa, Germ. achse, axis; perhaps from Isl. ak-a, to drive a chariot or dray, G. Andr.

---