CHAPTER I.

Introductory.

Pearson, Karl. Woman as Witch, in the Chances of Death, vol. ii.; and Sex Relations in Germany, in the Ethic of Freethought, p. 402.

Mason, Otis. In the American Antiquarian, Jan. 1889, p. 6.

Ellis, Havelock. Man and Woman. Fourth Edition. Introduction and chap. xiv.

Reclus, E. Primitive Folk, pp. 57-8. Contemporary Science Series. 1891.

Frazer, J. G. The Magic Art, ii. 204.

Man, E. H. Journal of the Anthropological Institute. August 1893.

Servants in Husbandry.

Thorold, Rogers. History of Agriculture and Prices, i. pp. 273-274, and iv. 495. Compare Bland, Brown, and Tawney, English Economic History, p. 347, for approximation between men’s and women’s wages.

Eden, Sir Frederick. State of the Poor, iii. lxxxix.

Textiles: Wool and Linen.

Schmoller. StrassbÜrger TÜcher- und Weberzunft, p. 354.

Archaeologia. Vol. xxxvii. pp. 91 and 93; vol. x. Plates XX., XXI., and XXII.

Andrews. Old English Manor, p. 272.

Deloney. Jack of Newbury, p. 59.

Wright, T. Womankind of Western Europe, pp. 59, 177-8.

Aubrey. History of Wiltshire. Quoted in Archaeologia xxxvii. p. 95.

Warden, A. The Linen Trade. Longman, 1867. (2nd ed.), pp. 355-6.

Rock, D. Textile Fabrics, p. 11. 1876.

Eckenstein, Lina. Women under Monasticism.

Ancren Riwle. Reprinted in the King’s Classics, p. 317.

BÜcher. Industrial Evolution. Translated by S. M. Wickett, pp. 265-7.

James, John. History of Worsted, p. 289.

Victoria County History. Yorkshire, ii. p. 43.

Wright, T. Homes of Other Days, p. 434.

Chaucer. Wife of Bath’s Prologue.

Beard, C. Industrial Revolution, p. 25.

Fitzherbert. Book of Husbandry. 1574. Edited by Skeat, par. 146.

Temple, Sir W. Quoted in Cunningham’s Growth of Industry and Commerce, Modern Times, p. 370. (Ed. 1907.)

Shuttleworth Accounts, Chetham Society, vol. xlvi. p. 1002.

Markham, G. The English Housewife, pp. 167, 172. (Ed. 1637.)

Weaving and Spinning as a Woman’s Trade.

Abram, A. Social England in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 133-4.

Ancient Book of the Weavers’ Company. (Facsimile in the British Museum Library.)

Fox and Taylor. Weavers’ Gild of Bristol, p. 38.

Unwin, G. Industrial Organisation in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, p. 229.

Lambert. Two Thousand Years of Gild Life, pp. 206-10.

Thomson, D. The Weaver’s Craft, p. 22.

Records of the City of Norwich, ii. p. 378.

For Rates of Pay to Weavers, etc., see a volume of tracts in the British Museum Library, numbered 1851, c. 101.

Howard Accounts. Published by the Roxburgh Club, vol. li.

Markham, G. The English Housewife, pp. 174-5. (Ed. 1637.)

Dunlop and Denman. English Apprenticeship and Child Labour, chap. ix.

Development of Capitalistic Industry.

Unwin, G. In the Victoria County History, Suffolk, ii. pp. 258-9.

Baines, E. History of Cotton Manufacture, p. 91.

Green, Mrs. Alice. Town Life in the Fifteenth Century, ii. p. 100.

Ordinances of Worcester. Edited by Toulmin Smith. Early English Text Society.

Hamilton. History of Quarter Sessions, pp. 164, 273.

Leonard. Early English Poor Relief.

Ashley, W. J. English Economic History, Part II., chapter on the Woollen Industry.

Young, Arthur. Northern Tour, vol. i. p. 137. Second edition. 1770.

Young, Arthur. Tour in East of England, ii. pp. 75, 81.

Warner, Townsend. In Traill’s Social England, vol. v. p. 149.

Mantoux. La RÉvolution industrielle, p. 36.

Bonwick. Romance of the Wool Trade, p. 435.

Lancashire Worthies, i. p. 307.

Weber, Marianne. Ehefrau und Mutter, TÜbingen, 1907, p. 252.

Silk.

Campbell, W. Materials for History of the Reign of Henry VII., pp. 13, 15, 168, 170, etc.

Victoria County History, Derby, ii. p. 372.

Other Industries.

Traill. Social England, vol. i. p. 658.

Lapsley, G. T. “Account Roll of a Fifteenth-Century Ironmaster,” in the English Historical Review, vol. xiv., July 1899, p. 51.

Victoria County History. Derbyshire, pp. 328-9, 332, 343.

Some Account of Mines. British Museum, 444, a 49, p. 62.

Galloway. Annals of Coal Mining, pp. 91, 232, 234, 354 passim.

Case of Sir H. Mackworth. British Museum, 522, m. 12 (2).

Case of the Mine Adventurers in the same volume, No. 26.

Young, Arthur. Northern Tour, vol. ii. pp. 189, 254-5. Second Edition. 1770.

Young, Arthur. Six Weeks’ Tour, pp. 150, 109. 1768.

CHAPTER II.

The Cotton Industry.

Baines, Edward. History of the Cotton Manufacture, 1836, pp. 97, 100, 115, 116 n., 446.

Guest. History of the Cotton Manufacture.

Radcliffe, W. Origin of the New System of Manufacture, 1828, p. 59, etc.

Gaskell, P. Manufacturing Population of England, 1833, pp. 42, 43, 60.

Beard, C. A. The Industrial Revolution.

Mantoux. La RÉvolution industrielle, pp. 208-11.

Ellison, T. The Cotton Trade of Great Britain, 1886.

Law, Alice. Social and Economic History, in the Victoria County History, Lancashire, vol. ii. p. 327.

Chapman, S. J. The Lancashire Cotton Industry.

Cunningham, W. Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Modern Times, p. 654. (Ed. 1907.)

The Decay of Handspinning.

Eden, Sir Frederick. State of the Poor, vol. iii. pp. 768, 821, 847.

The Handloom Weaver’s Wife.

Gaskell, P. Manufacturing Population, p. 40.

Mantoux. La RÉvolution industrielle, pp. 442-3.

Report of Committee on Ribbon-Weavers, 1818, vol. ix. p. 124.

Report on Handloom Weavers, 1834, vol. x. Evidence of Brennan.

The Factory.

Tuckett, J. D. History of the Labouring Population, pp. 208-9.

Aikin, J. Country Round Manchester, pp. 167, 192.

Ure. Philosophy of Manufactures, pp. 312-3.

Gaskell, P. Manufacturing Population of England, chap. i.

Taylor, W. Cooke. Factories and the Factory System, 1844, pp. 1, 45-6.

Fielden, J. Curse of the Factory System, 1836, p. 43.

Assistant Poor Law Commissioners. Report on Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p. 25. Parliamentary Papers, 1843, xii.

Gaskell, Mrs. Mary Barton.

The Woman Wage-Earner.

Report on Artizans and Machinery. Parliamentary Papers, 1824, vol. v. Evidence of Dunlop and Holdsworth, compare evidence of M‘Dougal and William Smith.

Report on Manufactures and Commerce. Parliamentary Papers, 1833, vol. vi. p. 323.

Report on Combinations of Workmen. Parliamentary Papers, 1838, viii. q. 3527-31.

Report on Handloom Weavers, 1840, vol. xxiii. p. 307.

Gaskell, P. Artizans and Machinery, pp. 143, 331.

Gaskell, P. Manufacturing Population of England, pp. 186-8.

Report on Employment of Children in Factories. Parliamentary Papers, 1834, xix. p. 297.

Schultze-GÄvernitz. The Cotton Trade in England and on the Continent. Translated by O. S. Hall. 1895.

The Industrial Revolution in Non-Textile Trades.

Children’s Employment Commission. 1843. Reports on Birmingham District.

Children’s Employment Commission. Parliamentary Papers. 1864, vol. xxii.; Third Report, p. x.

Timmins, S. Resources of Birmingham and the Hardware District. 1866.

Labour Commission. Reports on Employment of Women, by Miss Orme, Miss Collet, Miss Abraham, and Miss Irwin. Parliamentary Papers, 1893-94, vol. xxxvii.

British Association, 1902-1903. Reports to the Economic Section by the Committee on the Legal Regulation of Women’s Labour.

CHAPTER IV.

Women in Unions.

Report on Combination Laws. Parliamentary Papers, 1825, vol. iv. Appendices 6, 10, 16.

Board of Trade. Seventeenth Report on Trade Unions, 1912.

Board of Trade. Sixteenth Labour Abstract, 1915.

Articles of the Manchester Small Ware Weavers, printed at Manchester, 1756. (Manchester Library.)

Webb, Sidney and Beatrice. History of Trade Unionism, pp. 104-5, 121-3, etc.

Chapman, S. J. History of the Lancashire Cotton Industry, pp. 213-5, etc.

Report on Standard Piece Rates of Wages in the U.K. Parliamentary Papers, 1900, vol. lxxxii.

Reports of the Women’s Trade Union League, 1874 to present time. (34 Mecklenburgh Square.)

Women in the Printing Trades. Edited by J. Ramsay MacDonald. 1904.

Report by Miss Busbey on Women’s Unions in Great Britain. Bulletin of the Labour Department, U.S.A. No. 83.

Labour Commission. Evidence of Mrs. Hicks and Miss James. Parliamentary Papers, 1892, vol. xxxv.

Reports of the National Federation of Women Workers. (34 Mecklenburgh Square.)

Also reports of trade union and other societies and information given privately.

America.—History of Women in Trade Unions. Vol x. of Report on Women and Child Wage-Earners in the U.S.

Admission to American Trade Unions. By F. Wolfe, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University Studies, 1912.

Women in Trade Unions in San Francisco. L. R. Matthews University of California Publications in Economics, vol. iii 1913.

Making Both Ends Meet. Clark and Wyatt. New York: Macmillan, 1911. Chaps. ii. and v.

The World of Labour. G. D. H. Cole. Bell, 1913. Chap. v.

Report on Strike of Textile Workers in Lawrence, Mass., in 1912. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1912.

CHAPTER IVa.

Women in Unions (continued).

Germany.—Braun, Lily. Die Frauenfrage, 1901.

Gnauck-KÜhne, Elisabeth. Die Arbeiterinnenfrage. M. Gladbach, 1905.

Sanders, W. Stephen. Industrial Organisation in Germany. Special supplement to the New Statesman, October 18, 1913.

The Organisation of Women Workers in Germany. Special Report to the International Women’s Trade Union League of America. Submitted by the Women Workers’ Secretariat of the General Commission of Trade Unions of Germany. Berlin, 1913.

Erdmann, A. Church and Trade Unions in Germany. Published by the General Commission of Trade Unions in Germany. Berlin, 1913.

CHAPTER VII.

Effects of the War on Women’s Employment.

Reports of the Board of Trade on the State of Employment in the United Kingdom in October and December 1914, and February 1915.

Interim Report of the Central Committee on Employment of Women.

The Labour Gazette.

Labour in War-Time. By G. D. H. Cole. Bell, 1915.

Report on Outlets for Labour after the War by a Committee appointed by Section F of the British Association. Manchester Meeting. 1915.

Articles in the New Statesman, Common Cause, Englishwoman, Economic Journal, etc.