Illustrated Catalogue of Cotton Machinery

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Obvious spelling errors have been corrected but "inventive" and inconsistent spelling is left unchanged.

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[Illustration]

PLANT OF
HOWARD & BULLOUGH AMERICAN MACHINE COMPANY LTD.

PAWTUCKET, R. I.

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ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

of

COTTON MACHINERY

Built by

HOWARD & BULLOUGH
AMERICAN MACHINE COMPANY, LTD.

PAWTUCKET, R. I., U. S. A.

OPENING, PICKING, CARDING, DRAWING, ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING AND WINDING MACHINERY

WARPERS AND SLASHERS

Containing Also Floor Spaces, Speeds, Productions, Gearing Diagrams, Useful Tables and Other Information

1909

BOSTON OFFICE, 65 FRANKLIN STREET
C. E. RILEY, TREASURER

SOUTHERN OFFICE, EMPIRE BUILDING, ATLANTA, GA.

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INTRODUCTION.

We take pleasure in presenting this book, trusting that the information it contains will be of interest and service.

In compiling this catalogue we have included such descriptive matter as will set forth the main features and advantages of our machinery, also outline drawings, gearing diagrams, floor spaces, speeds, production and other tables, and information of use to all those interested in Cotton Mills.

Some of the information contained in this book has hitherto been presented in circular and book form, but at the request of numerous friends and users of our machinery we now issue this complete catalogue which contains considerable additional information, besides which it is in a compact and convenient form.

Our machinery is extensively used, and is well and favorably known.

It will be our endeavor in the future to continue to make improvements and maintain the high standard which has characterized our machinery in the past.

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INDEX.

OPENING AND PICKING MACHINERY	PAGE
Hopper Bale Opener	8
General Description	9
Floor Plans and Elevations	12
Automatic Hopper Feeder	14
Self-feeding Opener	16
Trunking	20
Breaker Lappers	24
Combination Machines	30
Intermediate and Finisher Lappers	32
Production Tables	36
Gearing Diagrams	38
Calculations	43
Floor Plans and Elevations	52
REVOLVING FLAT CARDS
General Description	61
Patent Setting Arrangement for Flats	67
Williams' Patent Stripping Motion	68
Floor Plan	72
Gearing Diagram	72
Calculations	75
Production Tables	75
Gearing Tables	77
Clothing	80
DRAWING FRAMES
General Description	82
Floor Plans	88
Table of Lengths	90
Production Tables	91
Gearing Diagram	92
Calculations	94
Gearing and General Tables	96
Electric Stop Motions	98
SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES
General Description	103
Improved Differential Motion	107
Improved Lay Gearing	109
Speed Tables	111
Floor Plans	118
Tables of Lengths	119
Production Tables	113
Gearing Diagrams	123
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Calculations	127
Gearing Tables	130
Roving Tables	136
RING SPINNING FRAMES
General Description	141
Improved Builder	151
H. & B. Separator	152
Floor Plan	154
Table of Lengths	155
Production Tables	156
Gearing Diagrams	160
Calculations	164
Gearing Tables	166
Yarn Twist Tables	176
Table for Numbering Cotton Yarn	179
Breaking Weights of American Yarns	184
SPOOLERS
Table of Lengths and Productions	186
REELS	187
TWISTERS
General Description	188
Floor Plan	193
Table of Lengths	195
Production Tables	198
Gearing Diagrams	203
Calculations	206
Gearing Tables	208
Twist Tables	210
CONE AND TUBE WINDERS
General Description	222
Floor Plan	225
WARPERS	226
SLASHERS	227
MISCELLANEOUS
Shipping Weights	232
Table of English Weights and Measures	233
Classification of Cotton	237
General Rules with Examples	234
Power Required by Cotton Machinery	238
Belting Required for Various Machines	240
Horse-power Tables of Shafting	242
Horse-power Tables of Belting	246
Data on Manila Transmission Rope	250
Spindles in U. S.	252
World's Cotton Spindles	253

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OPENING AND PICKING MACHINERY.

The Opening and Picking of cotton should have the same careful attention as the Carding and Spinning, although the latter processes may seem to some to be more important. Much more attention is being given to this Department everywhere to-day than formerly, and better equipments of machinery are being used. The same equipment is not equally good for all classes of work, as the machinery must be designed and adjusted for the particular kind of stock to be used.

Unless the cotton is well opened and cleaned, and good even laps are made, the Carding will suffer, and the Card Clothing will soon be damaged, which means poor and costly work.

We invite with every confidence all possible investigation into the construction and improved design of our Opening and Picking machinery, and the work it is doing in the mills. This entire line of machinery is substantially built, very simple, and contains many valuable improvements.

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[Illustration]
PATENT HOPPER BALE OPENER

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HOPPER BALE OPENER.

An investigation of the present methods of handling cotton before it reaches the Pickers shows that in a large percentage of mills there are opportunities for greatly reducing the labor cost and at the same time improving in a marked degree the quality of opening and mixing. The saving which can be effected in labor, and the better results obtained by a more thorough opening of the cotton and a more even mixing, can hardly be appreciated except by those who have seen it demonstrated by the use of our Hopper Bale Opener.

This machine is extensively used in England and on the Continent, where it is giving most satisfactory results. It is filling a need which has long existed.

LABOR SAVING—A bale of cotton can be thoroughly opened without damage to the staple in six to ten minutes, which means that one hand can open upwards of 150,000 to 200,000 lbs. per week and still have time for taking care of bagging, ties, etc. Even when the weekly consumption of cotton is very much less than this there is a saving in labor, as the quick completion of the work means that the attendant can give his attention to something else.

QUALITY OF WORK—The fluffy condition of the cotton as it is delivered from the Hopper Bale Opener shows the very thorough manner in which it is opened. Although the cotton is fed to the machine in large matted sections taken directly from the bales as they lie around the horizontal feeding apron, no bunches come through. When cotton is opened and mixed by hand the result is not what is generally supposed. The stock is still in large bunches and matted to such an extent that when fed into the Hoppers of ordinary Openers it is impossible to obtain an even or thorough mixing.

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THE FEEDING APRON of the Hopper Bale Opener usually extends four feet back of the Hopper which enables the operator to group a number of bales around the machine so as to take cotton first from one and then from another. This gives an even mixing of the stock from the various bales. If it is desired this idea can be carried still further by making the Feeding Apron longer, so as to allow of taking cotton from a greater number of bales.

METHOD OF WORKING—The matted sections taken direct from the bale and placed on the slowly driven Horizontal Feeding Apron move forward into the Hopper and are taken by the more rapidly moving Spiked Elevating Apron, which subjects the cotton to a sort of combing action. At the top of this Apron there is a spiked Cylinder which further combs the cotton and throws back into the Hopper any unopened pieces. A Stripping Beater with stiff leather blades strips the stock from the Spiked Apron and delivers it onto the short delivery Apron at the front of the machine.

DELIVERY ARRANGEMENTS—The ordinary or standard delivery arrangement is shown in the cut, page 8, and in the outline drawing, page 12. We have recently designed a double apron delivery for use with Condenser and Blower systems, where the cotton has to be carried quite a distance. This arrangement does away with the necessity of passing the stock through a fan and is approved by the Insurance Companies.

The cotton being delivered into the conveying pipe ahead of the "Blower Fan," there is no fire risk due to hard substances passing through or stock getting caught in the fan. We have designed many special delivery arrangements to meet the various conditions which present themselves, including a suitable delivery for use with either lattice distributing systems or blowing systems.

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DISTRIBUTING SYSTEMS—The installation of this Hopper Bale Opener makes a distributing system more advantageous and satisfactory. We have equipped many Opening Rooms with Distributing Lattices which deliver the cotton directly into the Hoppers of the Self-feeding Openers, thus saving another handling.

When the Hopper Bale Opener is located some distance from the distributing lattice, the latter may be fed by a blower and condenser system, and when the distance is very short an elevating lattice is used, dropping the cotton directly on the distributing lattice. We are always glad to take up special cases and make recommendations in connection with the conveying and distribution of cotton either for short or long distances.

An advantage which is not usually thought of or appreciated is the more even Breaker laps obtained where a Hopper Bale Opener and distributing system are used. The Hoppers of the Feeders are more evenly fed and the stock is in a much better condition than when mixed and fed by hand.

CONSTRUCTION—The machine is very strongly built throughout. An extra large Hopper is an advantage possessed by this Opener. The Spiked Elevating Lattice is made on a new patented system and the slats on same are of heavy selected stock.

DRIVING PULLEYS AND SPEEDS—The Driving Pulleys are on the right hand side when facing the Hopper or Feed and are 11 in. dia., 3 in. face, tight and loose, and should be driven at about 582 revs. per minute.

PRODUCTION—150,000 to 200,000 lbs. per week of 60 hours.

FLOOR SPACE—The machine with short Feeding Lattice, as shown on the illustration, page 8, is 13 ft. 1-1/4 in. x 6 ft. 10 in.

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[Illustration]
HOPPER BALE OPENER
WITH STANDARD SHORT APRON DELIVERY

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[Illustration]
HOPPER BALE OPENER WITH DOUBLE APRON DELIVERY

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[Illustration]
AUTOMATIC HOPPER FEEDER

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AUTOMATIC HOPPER FEEDER.

HOPPER—This is extra large and capable of holding 400 to 450 pounds of cotton.

SPIKED ELEVATING APRON runs over large flanged blocks and is extra strong.

STRIPPING COMB OR ROLLER—This works in conjunction with the Spiked Apron, and is very simple and durable. It is self-cleaning and is easily adjusted by means of a handle on one side of the machine. This handle can be locked in position after an adjustment is made, and the arrangement, although operated from one side of the Feeder, gives a positive parallel motion, and consequently a true setting of the Stripping Comb.

PIN BEATER takes the cotton from the Spiked Apron. The stock, after passing over the cleaning grids, drops on the Delivery Apron.

KNOCK-OFF ARRANGEMENT—This is simple and durable, and is so designed as to be easily connected to the knock-off on the Breaker Lapper or other machine which follows.

APRONS all have strong and easily adjusted tightening devices.

SIMPLICITY—Our Feeder is reduced to the simplest design possible consistent with even and good work, and has no troublesome cone drums.

COMBINATIONS of this Feeder with the various Opening and Picking Machines are made to suit any special requirements of the mill. The Feeder when combined with an Opener is driven from a pulley on the Cylinder or Beater shaft, and when feeding on to the Apron of a Lapper is driven from the Lapper Countershaft.

DRIVING PULLEY AND SPEED—The Driving Pulley is 10 in. dia., 2-1/4-in. face, and should be driven at about 550 revs. per minute.

FLOOR SPACE—Length, 10 ft. 5 in.; width, 5 ft. 6 in.

FLOOR PLAN AND ELEVATION—See page 52.

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[Illustration]
SELF-FEEDING OPENER WITH 30-IN. CYLINDER

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SELF-FEEDING OPENER.

This is a combination of the Automatic Hopper Feeder with an Opener Section built as one machine. The Beater in the Opener Section may be a two-blade rigid Beater, 18 in. dia., or a 30-in. dia. Special Cylinder, which is shown and described on page 18.

This machine may be arranged for trunking connections, as shown in the cut on the opposite page, or it may be attached directly to a Breaker Lapper, forming a Combined Self-feeding Opener and Breaker Lapper (see page 30 for cut of this machine).

DRIVING PULLEY—Self-feeding Opener with 18 in. Beater, 9 in. dia., 4-1/4 in. face; with 30-in. Cylinder, 16 in. dia., 4-1/4 in. face. Other sizes can be furnished.

SPEEDS—1,450 revs. per minute for 18-in. Beater and 550 revs. per minute for 30-in. Cylinder when running with ordinary cotton. For long staple cottons the Beater speed is reduced to 800 to 1,050 revs. per minute and the Cylinder speed to 300 to 450 revs. per minute.

PRODUCTION—See Breaker Lappers.

FLOOR PLANS AND ELEVATIONS— See pages 56 and 57.

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[Illustration]
30-IN. SPECIAL CYLINDER

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30-INCH SPECIAL CYLINDER.

This 30-inch Cylinder is specially designed for use in Self-Feeding Openers where these machines are arranged for trunk connection or combined with Breaker Lappers.

The large diameter makes it possible to use more grid bars than with the blade beaters. The main points considered in the design of this 30-inch cylinder were, more thorough opening of the cotton, greater production without injury to the staple, and better cleaning.

These Cylinders are made from steel boiler plates, and the steel fingers are fastened on by rivets. These fingers are so arranged that in one revolution they strike all points along the entire width of the feed rolls. In case of accident to fingers, caused by some hard substance getting into the machine, the damaged fingers can be easily replaced.

We have adopted the 30-inch Special Cylinder, believing it to be preferable to those of larger diameter.

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[Illustration]
AUTOMATIC CLEANING TRUNK (10-FT. SECTION)

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CLEANING TRUNK.

On the opposite page is shown a 10-ft. section of Automatic Cleaning Trunk. It is usual to install two of these sections, making 20 ft., and to suspend same from the ceiling.

The cotton passes over Transverse Grids A and the leaf and dirt drop between the Grids into a series of compartments B, which are automatically cleaned out by air draft from a Fan. Each compartment has a hinged door or bottom C, which when dropped leaves an opening into the exhaust air pipe D. The hinged doors are dropped one at a time, and the openings are shown at G.

The Fan is connected to the exhaust air pipe D, and is only running while the Trunk is being cleaned.

The removable doors E give access to the top of the Trunk, and the brackets F are for the supporting rods.

One of the advantages of this Trunk is that it can be hung from the ceiling out of the way and not occupy valuable floor space. It is carefully built and the joints of the doors are covered with leather to prevent leaks.

Page 59 shows a system where 20 ft. of Automatic Cleaning Trunk is used together with the necessary Conducting Trunk; the Opener being on the first floor and the Breaker Lapper with Gauge Box and Condenser on the second.

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[Illustration]
ENGLISH PATTERN CLEANING TRUNK (TWO 4-FT. SECTIONS)

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Cleaning Trunk is of special advantage to mills using low grade stock. All cotton contains more or less light dirt and leaf, which it is difficult to entirely remove in the Lappers, on account of the fan draft essential to the formation of a good sheet on the screens carrying some of the lighter impurities along with the cotton. The passing of the stock over the transverse Grids in the Cleaning Trunk at a low velocity provides an efficient means for removing this dirt and leaf.

We also build an English pattern Trunk, which is shown in the illustration on page 22. This Trunk is supported by stands which rest on the floor, and is built in 4-ft. sections, several of these being coupled together. Although not automatic, it is easily cleaned by dropping the doors which cover the entire bottom of the Trunk and carry the Grids. In the illustration one of these doors is shown down, and the sheet iron Grids are plainly visible.

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[Illustration]
SINGLE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER WITH GAUGE BOX AND CONDENSER

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BREAKER LAPPERS.

On page 24 is shown our Single Beater Breaker Lapper with Gauge Box and Condenser, and on page 28 the same machine with a Cage Section.

GAUGE BOX AND CONDENSER—We strongly recommend the use of Gauge Boxes and Condensers when the Breaker Lappers and Openers are on different floors, or the stock has to be carried any distance. Under these conditions there is a considerable quantity of cotton passing between the Opener and Lapper, which on account of the stopping and starting of the latter is liable to make thick and thin places in the lap.

The use of the Condenser and Gauge Box overcomes this difficulty as the cotton is received under these varying conditions and the Gauge Box acts as an Evener and delivers a uniform supply to the Feed Rolls behind the Beater. When the connection between the Opener and Breaker Lapper is short the Cage Section can be used without difficulty.

The Condenser Fan, which is of extra large size, is conveniently placed under the Gauge Box and Condenser Section. The Gauge Box has glass panels on the two sides and front, so that the cotton can be seen and the feed regulated.

BEATERS—Although the cuts show Single Beater machines, we build them with two Beaters if required or with one Cylinder and one Beater.

IMPROVED CALENDER HEAD—Our Lappers have many valuable special features, including our improved Calender Head, which allows the machine to be stopped by the Drop Handle without breaking the lap. When the lap is of the required length and the machine knocks off, the large Lap Rolls as well as the Calender Rolls, Feed Apron and Cages stop, and the lap is not broken.

If the lap continues to revolve after the machine has knocked off, it becomes sticky and there is likely to be trouble from split laps back of the Cards. Our arrangement prevents this and also enables the machine to be stopped at any time during the formation of a lap without breaking the lap.

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[Illustration]
FEED ROLLS, TOP CAGE AND COVER
Showing Bushed Bearings and Easy Method of Removing the Top Cage

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GEARS EASILY REMOVED—All the large gears are fastened by an improved method. Instead of driving them onto keys, which makes their removal difficult, we use with each large gear a square key let into the shaft, and two set screws. The gears fit the keys, but not tightly enough to prevent their easy removal after loosening the set screws.

[Illustration]

CLUTCH GEARS—The Calender Rolls are stopped and started by large Clutch Gears which are a great improvement over the common Drop Shaft and Gear. With this method the starting strain is distributed over all the teeth in the Clutch Gears, entirely doing away with the frequent breakages under the old system.

BEARINGS—Where it is possible the bearings are made in bush form, as shown in cut page 26, thus reducing to a minimum the time taken to make replacements and the cost of same. Our bearings are very easy to adjust, and their special form prevents oil from getting to the inside of the machine. All high speed Shafts, viz., Fan, Side and Beater Shafts, have ring oiling bearings.

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[Illustration]

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TOP CAGES AND COVERS—The Top Cages of our Lappers are easily removed, as will be seen by referring to the cut, page 26. The sides of the cage cover or bonnet fit snugly over the bushed bearings. To remove the cage or bushings, it is only necessary to turn back the cover. These covers are all made with oil holes directly over the bearing, so it is not necessary to raise the cover for the purpose of oiling.

NO TILTING OF LAP RACKS—The Lap Racks slide up and down on steel shafts, which entirely prevent the tilting of the Racks and consequent breakages.

SHAFTS—Our Beater and Fan shafts are made from a very hard iron specially mixed to give long life to these high speed shafts.

A countershaft complete with pulleys is attached to each Lapper.

DRIVING PULLEYS—One-beater Breaker Lappers 16 in. dia., 4-1/4 in. face, T. & L.

Two-beater Breaker Lappers or One-beater Breaker Lappers with extra Cage Section or Condenser and Gauge Box Section 16 in. dia., 5-1/4 in. face, T. & L.

In combinations which have 3 beaters to be driven from one countershaft of machine, 16 in. dia., 6-1/4 in. face, T. & L.

Other sizes can be furnished.

SPEEDS—The usual speed of all lapper countershafts is 435 revs. per minute, which gives 1,450 revs. per minute of the Beaters, and 550 revs. per minute of Cylinders, for ordinary cotton. For long staple cottons the beater speed is reduced to 800 to 1,050 revs. per minute and the Cylinder speed to 300 to 450 revs. per minute.

PRODUCTION—On ordinary cotton 15,000 to 20,000 lbs. per week of 60 hours. In some cases the production is far in excess of these figures. For long staple cottons, 10,000 to 15,000 lbs.

See production table, page 36.

FLOOR PLANS AND ELEVATIONS-See pages 54 to 57. These plans are for 40-in. or 41-in. machines, and 45-in. machines are 4 in. wider.

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[Illustration]
SELF-FEEDING OPENER (30-IN. CYLINDER) AND SINGLE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER

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COMBINATION MACHINES.

On the opposite page is shown a Self-feeding Opener with 30-in. Cylinder combined with a Single Beater Breaker Lapper. This is a very popular combination and, it will be noted, is built as one straight machine. A floor plan and elevation are shown on page 54. This same combination with an 18-in. Beater instead of the 30-in. Cylinder in the Opener Section is shown in plan and elevation on page 55.

We also build a Self-feeding Opener with Cage Section and Calender Head, which is well adapted to work Egyptian and Sea Island cottons. (See page 53 for plan and elevation.)

Self-feeding Openers when built as separate machines can be placed on any floor above or below the Breaker Lappers, or on the same floor, the connections being made by Automatic Cleaning Trunks, Conducting Trunks, and galvanized iron pipe, as the conditions may require.

On pages 56 and 57 we show Single Beater Breaker Lappers with Gauge Boxes and Condensers connected to Self-feeding Openers by short sections of Conducting Trunk. The Breakers are on the floor above the Openers. One drawing shows the Self-feeding Opener with 18-in. Beater, and the other with 30-in. Cylinder.

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[Illustration]
SINGLE BEATER FINISHER LAPPER

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INTERMEDIATE AND FINISHER LAPPERS.

These machines have our improved Calender Head, which has already been described in connection with Breaker Lappers. Each machine has a countershaft and pulleys complete with stands as shown.

BEATER BOXES—All our beater boxes are fixed and our feed rolls adjustable, which we consider superior to having the beaters adjustable. After thorough investigation and long practice we have found that adjustable beaters are liable to get out of line, causing them to heat and wear quickly.

DRAFT REGULATION—The air chamber from fan to cage section on each side of the machine is supplied with a damper, operated from the outside of the machine. With this arrangement the air can be drawn through the top and bottom cages in any desired proportion, and the operator can regulate the drafts to give the best results.

BEATERS—Two-blade (18 in. dia.) beaters are mostly used, but we furnish the Houghton patent beater with corrugated teeth, or carding beaters, when specified.

OUTSIDE HANDLES FOR DUST DOORS—We have recently added handles on the outside of the machine for dropping the cut-off board under the grids. The dirt and leaf which collect on this board are liable to fill up the grids if not regularly removed. The outside handles make the dropping of the cut-off boards very convenient and much reduce the liability of neglect on the part of the attendant.

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