1. Rigid Bend, mathematically correct at all stages of wear of the wire.
2. Perfect concentricity of Flats to Cylinder. Cylinder Pedestals are adjustable.
3. Arrangements for adjusting Flats whereby accuracy to the thousandth part of an inch is obtained.
4. Better quality of yarn made from the same cotton, or equally good yarn made from cheaper cotton.
5. Card Clothing throughout is of best Hardened and Tempered Steel Wire, Plough Ground or Needle Pointed.
6. Patent Doffer Slow Motion, to facilitate piecing up of broken sliver.
7. Patent method of securing Clothing to the Flats; neatest, cleanest and most effective.
8. Patent Top Flat Grinding Arrangement for grinding from the working seating of the Flats.
9. Patent Flat Stripping Motion, which insures perfect stripping without damage to the Clothing on the Flats.
10. Back Bends or Circles for supporting Flats and preventing sagging and stretching of chains.

{62}

[Illustration]
FLAT GRINDING MOTION{63}

The following paragraphs briefly describe some of the points of advantage in the design and construction of our machines:

CYLINDERS AND DOFFERS are carefully balanced at a high speed and are ground after being turned, making a perfectly true surface for the Card Clothing.

GOOD SELVAGES—Both Cylinders and Doffers are clothed to the extreme edges, which prevents ragged selvages.

PROTECTION OF CLOTHING—The Doffers are provided with flanges to protect the Clothing, keep the edges firm and prevent the wire from being knocked down. Turned iron flanges on the Bends, and Segment Rings fixed to the inside of the lower part of the framing protect the edges of the Cylinders all the way round. The Doffers are made 1/8 in. wider than the Cylinders in order to keep the edges of the latter clean.

PREVENTION OF ACCUMULATION OF FLY—The Segment Rings which are fitted close to the edges of the Cylinder project in such a way as to form a circle two inches larger than the diameter of the Cylinder. The Underscreens are attached to these Segment Rings, and this arrangement makes it impossible for fly to collect inside the Screens or about the edges of the Cylinders and Doffers.

ELECTRICAL TESTS—All Bends and Flats are tested at our works by special electrical apparatus, and this method of testing gives greater accuracy than can be obtained in any other way. More accurate Bends and Flats make closer settings possible.

PERCENTAGE AND ALL CASING-OFF PLATES are made of steel, polished inside and out, and bent to conform to the surface of the cylinder. Each plate is set by gauge to the Cylinder, and the closing up of all air spaces makes the accumulation of fly and cloudy carding impossible.

ADJUSTMENTS—Convenient adjusting arrangements with setting screws and lock nuts are provided for the Knife Plates, Doffers and Licker-ins. These are all on the outside of the machine and are accessible and easily adjusted.{64}

[Illustration]{65}

LICKER-IN SHIELDS—To prevent the accumulation of fly around the bearings and pedestals and the climbing of oil over the ends of the Licker-in onto the clothing, we supply stationary shields at each end.

UNDERSCREENS AND FEED PLATES—Our Underscreens are specially heavy and well constructed, and our Feed Plates are very carefully finished and fitted. We supply special Underscreens and Feed Plates for long staple cotton.

[Illustration]

ADJUSTABLE CYLINDER PEDESTALS—The bearings for the Cylinders are made of phosphor bronze and the pedestals are adjustable either vertically or horizontally. This is a very important point, because the concentricity of the Cylinder with the Bends can be maintained as the bearings wear. The construction of our Card side is such that a very rigid support is given to the pedestals.

FLAT RELEASE—This is a very simple and convenient attachment to the Flat Driving Arrangement, which makes one of the worm gears loose on its shaft and enables the Flats to be easily turned by hand with a suitable wrench.

CONICAL BUSHINGS—The Cylinders are fastened onto the shafts by means of split conical bushings which are forced into place and prevent any possibility of the Cylinders working loose.{66}

[Illustration]
SECTIONAL VIEW
PLAN VIEW
PATENT SETTING ARRANGEMENT FOR FLATS{67}

PATENT SETTING ARRANGEMENT FOR FLATS.

The cuts on page 66 are sectional and plan views of this arrangement.

A—Index Nut which bears against outside of Rigid Bend D.

B—Setting Key with fluted teeth, which gear into the teeth on Nut C.

C—Toothed Steel Nut which bears against the inside of Rigid Bend D.

D—Rigid Conical Bend which is moved in or out.

E—Flexible Conical Bend which rests on D and carries the Flats.

As the Index Nuts A and the Toothed Nuts C are turned one way or the other, they move the Rigid Bend D in or out, and thus raise or lower the Flexible Bend E.

The Flats rest on the Flexible Bend E and are raised or lowered with it. Each division on the Index Nuts A represents 1/1000 part of an inch, and by turning these Nuts one division, the Flats are raised or lowered to this extent.

Our Patent Conical Concentric Bends have five setting points on each side of the machine. The Bends and Flats can be kept perfectly concentric with the Cylinder at every point until the Clothing is worn out. No other arrangement has secured such accuracy nor has any adjustment yet been invented which approaches this one for reliability and simplicity.

When the Flats are once set they remain set, and cannot be tampered with. Special wrenches are required for turning the Index Nuts A and Lock Nuts C, and if these wrenches are kept by the one who has charge of the settings, no unauthorized person can change same.

Close accurate settings enable our Card to do the finest quality of work and at the same time give the maximum production.{68}

WILLIAMS PATENT STRIPPING MOTION.

[Illustration]

This Motion enables the Card to do better work and increases the life of the Flat clothing.

Perfect Flat Stripping can only be obtained with a Motion which keeps the Comb at an even and fixed distance from the wire clothing at all points over the entire width of the Flat. The Williams Patent Stripping Motion, for which we hold sole rights for America, meets this essential requirement and therefore does what no other Motion has succeeded in doing. In the old system, the Comb is kept at a fixed distance from the framing of the machine, which is correct as long as there is no variation in the position of the Flats as they pass under the Comb. In practice, it is impossible to {69} prevent a certain amount of tilting or raising of the Flats, due to the wearing of the chains and sprockets and also to dirt getting under the Flats. With the Williams system the stripping is perfectly done no matter what the tilting may be, and even if the Flats are forced away from their true position through any cause, the Comb follows the Flat and maintains its distance. There is no comb which will not catch and damage the wire if the setting becomes too close on account of the clearance not being kept uniform.

In the Williams Stripping Motion the Comb stock is mounted at each end in bearings which slide in guides away from or toward the Flats. The accurate setting of the Comb is maintained by means of shoes which press against the working seatings of the Flats and govern the position of the sliding Comb stock bearings. The shoes have adjusting screws to regulate the setting of the Comb, and the shape of the shoes is such as to allow for the heel of the flat. The sliding bearings of the Comb stock are pressed inward by springs which keep the shoes against the working seatings of the Flat. The Comb blade is given a receding motion which effectually strips all impurities from the wire. This action, together with the fact that it is impossible for the wire on the Flats to be forced into the Comb through the accumulation of dirt or fly on the blocks or Flat seatings, makes this Stripping Motion the most perfect on the market.{70}

[Illustration]
REVOLVING FLAT CARD{71}

STANDARD DIMENSIONS.

Cylinder, 50 in. dia. on iron.

Doffer, 26 in. dia. on iron.

Licker-in, 9 in. dia., clothed with inserted metallic Saw Teeth.

110 Flats, 43 of which are working on the Cylinder at the same time.

HAND OF MACHINE—Cards are usually built Right Hand, i. e., with driving pulleys on right hand side when facing feed or lap. Left hand machines are built when specified.

DRIVING PULLEYS—20 in. dia., 3-1/8 in. face, T. & L. SPEED—Cylinder, 160 to 170 r. p. m., usually 165 r. p. m.

PRODUCTION—This is determined by the quality of carding required and the kind and grade of cotton used, and varies largely.