APPENDIX III. LABOUR COLONIES. [160] |
The Report as to Labour Colonies may be summarised as follows:— 1818. SociÉtÉ de BenÉficence established Free Colonies (i.e., Fredericksoord, Willemsoord, and Willewminsoord). Population decreasing (1902, 1,460). Also Beggar Colonies, Wortel and Merxplas, handed over to Government in 1859. In 1831 Holland and Belgium separated. | Holland now possesses: | Belgium now possesses: | | Veenhuizen for men: 3,000 to 4,000 inmates. Committed by magistrates, six months to three years. | Hoogstraeten, Wortel, "Maisons de Refuge," voluntary colonies. | | Hoorn for women: Vagrant class. | Merxplas "DepÔt de MendicitÉ": 5,110 inmates, 1905. | | Agricultural and industrial. | | Net annual cost per head, £9. | | Average detention, 16 months. | | Earnings per day, 1d. to 3d. | | Vagrant class. |
| Germany. | Switzerland. | | Labour Colonies, 34: | Labour Institutions in nearly every canton. | | About 4,000 inmates. | Vagrants committed for two to six months. | | Admission voluntary. | Examples: | | Example: Wilhelmsdorf, founded 1882. Agricultural. | Witzwyl: About 200 inmates. Agricultural and industrial. | | Small wage allowed. | Appenzell: Pays its way. | | Also Workhouses (arbeits hauser), 24: | St. Johannsen: £6 per head. | | Forced labour. Detention, one year. Accommodate 14,836. Cost small, e.g., Westphalia, cost £17 8s., earnings £8 14s.; Moritzburg, cost £14 9s. 2d., earnings £11 10s. 8d. | Lucerne: £14 per head. | | Mainly handicrafts. | Voluntary Colonies: | | Example: Herdern, more expensive, £50 per head. | | Hadleigh. | Lingfield. | | Salvation Army. | Christian Social Brotherhood. | | Inmates: Paupers, men from "Elevators," private cases. | Inmates: Workhouse cases and inebriates; private cases. | | Capital cost, about £300 per head. | Capital cost, about £160 per head. | | Average annual cost, nearly £34 per head. | Average annual cost, £33 per head. | | Agriculture and brick-making. | Training in farm and dairy work. | | Forty per cent. emigrate to Canada. |
| Hollesley Bay. | Laindon. | | London County Council. | Poplar Guardians. | | Established 1904-5. | Established 1904. | | Principally "unemployed." | Able-bodied paupers. | | Cost of food per week, 6s. 3d. to 7s. 1d. per head. | Cost of food per week, 5s. 8d. per head. | | Agriculture. | Spade labour. | | Accommodates 150 inmates. | Recommendations of the Vagrancy Committee. Labour colonies on the lines of inebriate reformatories. Compulsory detention for from six months to three years. Also State colony. Equal contributions from the State and local authority. Small wage as incentive to work. Simple subsistence diet, supplemented by canteen. Estimated cost, 1s. 6d. per week per head (section 315). Industrial and agricultural.
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