CONTENTS.

PREFACE.

SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS OF PLANT DESCRIBED IN THIS WORK.

ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS.

ABBREVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS CITED IN THIS VOLUME.

SIGNS USED IN THIS WORK.

SERIES I. PHAENOGAMOUS or FLOWERING PLANTS.

Class I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Subclass I. ANGIOSPERMAE.

Division I. POLYPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS.

Division II. GAMOPETALOUS DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS.

Division III. APETALOUS DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS.

SUBCLASS II. GYMNOSPERMAE.

Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS or ENDOGENOUS PLANTS.

SERIES II. CRYPTOGAMOUS or FLOWERLESS PLANTS.

Class III. ACROGENS.

Subclass I. VASCULAR ACROGENS, or PTERIDOPHYTES. [1]

Subclass II. CELLULAR ACROGENS, or BRYOPHYTES.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

LIST OF ORDERS, WITH THE NUMBER OF GENERA AND SPECIES, NATIVE AND INTRODUCED.

GLOSSARY.

INDEX.

PLATES WITH EXPLANATIONS.

MANUAL
OF
THE BOTANY
OF THE
NORTHERN UNITED STATES,

INCLUDING THE DISTRICT EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND
NORTH OF NORTH CAROLINA AND TENNESSEE.

By ASA GRAY,
LATE FISHER PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

Sixth Edition.

REVISED AND EXTENDED WESTWARD TO THE 100th MERIDIAN,
BY
SERENO WATSON,
CURATOR OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY,
AND
JOHN M. COULTER,
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN WABASH COLLEGE,

ASSISTED BY SPECIALISTS IN CERTAIN GROUPS.

WITH TWENTY-FIVE PLATES,
ILLUSTRATING THE SEDGES, GRASSES, FERNS, ETC.

IVISON, BLAKEMAN, AND COMPANY,
PUBLISHERS,
NEW YORK AND CHICAGO.
1890.

Copyright, 1889,
By the President and Fellows of Harvard College.