1 The above quotations are extracts from the original document: Geheimes Staatsarchiv Berlin, General Direktorium SÜdpreussen, Ortschaften, No. 964, Vol. II.

2 Wuttke, StÄdtebuch des Landes Posen, p. 434.

3 Staatsarchiv Posen, Wollstein C. 13.

4 The booklet, copied out in a fair, neat hand, was found among the author’s papers after his death. He states that he began it in Zerkow, on Wednesday, Ellul 27 (September 15), 1830, and finished it in Wollstein at about the age of fifteen.

5 Neunzehn Briefe Über Judenthum, herausgegeben von Ben Usiel.

6 Pessachim 112^a: ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? {Hebrew: Yoter mimah she’egel rotzeh linak, haparah rotzah l’hanik} “More than the calf will suck, the cow desires to suckle.”

7 Next happy Pessach.

8 Erotic matters.

9 Unclean and contaminating.

10 This biographical work was not printed, and the manuscript could not be found.

11 The writer speaks from personal experience, though it is proper to add, that he heard Geiger’s sermons in his youth, when one is inclined to enthusiasm and admiration; yet he thinks that the judgment expressed above can be sustained.

12 The Talmudic works of R. Isaac Alfassi.

13 A great, heavy cane with ornamental knob was carried in Poland as the badge of the rabbinical office.

14 Heroes.

15 A philologist of repute, whose contributions to Latin lexicography are of considerable value.

16 Lehrbuch zur Sprache der Mishnah.

17 An anonymous article in the “Orient,” 1843, p. 391 ff., may be accounted his introduction into the world of letters. It treats of the question then mooted, “On the Sanctity of Jewish Cemeteries” (Ueber die Heiligkeit der jÜdischen BegrÄbnissplÄtze), and is dated Breslau, November 22. The skirmish with Geiger began in the “Orient,” 1844, p. 21.

18 Israelit des 19ten Jahrhunderts.

19 Gnostizismus und Judenthum.

20 “Book of Creation.”

21 Originally October 15 had been appointed, but many of the participants considered September a more suitable time.

22 Zeitschrift fÜr die religiÖsen Interessen des Judenthums.

23 Die Septuaginta im Talmud.

24 Die Konstruktion der jÜdischen Geschichte.

25 To accept this trust Graetz needed the permission of the municipal authorities, obtainable only by means of a duly accredited teacher’s diploma. He therefore attended the Catholic Normal School at Breslau for some time as “student by courtesy” (Hospitant). On November 4, 1847, after having taken an examination, he was given a diploma testifying to his ability to fill the position of teacher and rector at an elementary school. It is the only official certificate of examination Graetz could show.

26 This same Friedmann and Graetz appear as the joint authors of an article in Baur and Zeller’s Theologie Year-book for 1848 (Vol. VII, p. 338), “On the Alleged Continuance of the Jewish Sacrificial Cult after the Destruction of the Second Temple” (Ueber die angebliche Fortdauer des jÜdischen Opferkultus nach der ZerstÖrung des zweiten Tempels). Friedmann’s share in the essay cannot be determined. The introduction plainly bears the marks of Graetz’s manner and style, and Graetz was in the habit of considering the work his own. It is the only production published by him between 1846 and 1851.

27 In his curriculum vitÆ (among the archives of the Board of Curators of the Bequests of the royal commercial councilor FrÄnkel, “relative to Graetz, teacher at the Seminary”), Graetz makes the following statements: “In 1849 I obeyed the summons of the District Rabbi of Moravia to participate in the establishment of, and to act as teacher at, a rabbinical seminary for Moravian and Austrian communities. But the institution did not come into existence; the unsettled condition of affairs in Austria, especially the permanent temporariness to which the position of the Israelites there had become a prey, prolonged the discussions on the execution of the plans for a seminary of the kind. I was therefore compelled to accept provisionally the superintendence of a Jewish public school at Lundenburg near Vienna.”

28 Monatsschrift fÜr Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums.

29 JÜdisch-geschichtliche Studien.

30 Die talmudische Chronologie und Topographie.

31 Die absetzbaren Hohepriester wÄhrend des zweiten Tempels.

32 J. Lehmann, whose zeal in behalf of the founding of the seminary was highly commendable, reports (Archives of the Board of Curators of the FrÄnkel Bequests. I, Vol. 1, relative to the Seminary) as follows: “Every evening between 7 and 8, in the building of the Boys’ School of the Jewish community, a lecture is delivered before Jewish divinity students, Dr. Zunz lecturing on Rabbinic Literature, Dr. Graetz on Jewish History, and Dr. Sachs on the Proverbs of Solomon. The lectures are well attended by about twenty-five or thirty prospective rabbis, who take notes industriously, and by a dozen Jewish scholars who come as visitors (Hospitanten).... Zunz was obviously making an inspiring impression upon his audience; his dry subject was rendered spicy by piquant observations on Eisenmenger and Karpzow, Wagenseil and Richard Simon, and not a few innuendoes touching the present. On the evening when I heard Sachs, he had just begun the introduction to the exegesis of the Proverbs. It seemed to me that on the whole he was a little too abstruse, although there was no dearth of beautiful thoughts expressed in a manner still more beautiful. Dr. Graetz is a young man, who is very much praised by competent judges. Report says that his lectures bristle with new data and results; I myself have not yet heard him. He is said to have lived in Breslau at one time, and he came here from Lundenburg, his last residence, at the suggestion of Dr. Sachs. The institution of these three lecture courses on six evenings was proposed by the school trustees of the Jewish community. They have appropriated the means for carrying them on (about 1200 Reichsthaler) from the legacy fund of the Talmud-Torah School. Their right to do this has been contested in certain quarters, but for the present they are supported by the authorization of the communal directors and the approval of the intelligent. I have made this preface to enable you to estimate to what extent the judgment of those consulted by me with regard to the Breslau project is based upon what has been done here, inadequate though it be.... At first, Sachs, who recently received a letter from Frankel in Dresden inquiring into the feasibility of establishing a Rabbinical Institute for Berlin and Dresden in common, also intended to put down his opinion in writing for me, etc.”

33 Das Magazin fÜr die Litteratur des Auslandes.

34 Cmp. “The Jewish Theological Seminary founded by FrÄnkel at Breslau on the 25th Anniversary of its Existence, August 10, 1879,” p. 5.

35 The Curators as well as Joseph Lehmann entertained the cordial wish and made earnest efforts to obtain a place for Geiger on the teaching staff of the Seminary. But Frankel met every demand looking to this end with abrupt refusal. Even Joseph Lehmann, who had a decided inclination towards Geiger, could not help making the following frank admission in an earlier letter (February 3, 1853) addressed to the Board of Curators: “The communication of the Rabbinical Conference of 1846, which I shall return to you, unfortunately has no value for us, because none of the five signers (Geiger, Holdheim, Philippson, Salomon, and Stein) continues to enjoy the authority in Germany necessary to secure the confidence of the class of Jews chiefly to be considered in the launching of an undertaking like this.”

36 Geschichte der Juden vom Untergange des jÜdischen Staates bis zum Abschluss des Talmud.

37 Geschichte der Juden von den Ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. Vierter Band.

38 Geschichte der Juden, Vol. IV (Ed. 1), p. 22.

39 Ibid. p. 169 (American Edition, II, p. 414).

40 Ibid. p. 236 (American Edition, II, p. 454).

41 L. Stein, Der israelitische Volkslehrer, V, 1855, p. 37.

42 S.R. Hirsch, Jeshurun, II and III.

43 Cmp. Geschichte der Juden, Vol. IV, Note 20 (in later editions, Note 16).

44 Der israelitische Volkslehrer, as cited above.

45 JÜdisch-theologisches Seminar, FrÄnkel’sche Stiftung.

46 A son of the Hamburg rabbi, or, as he called himself, Chacham, Isaac Bernays.

47 This tendency was justified by the circumstance, that under existing conditions admission to the Seminary had to be granted on attainments not more than sufficient for the second class of a Prussian Gymnasium, and pupils were to be received at the early age of fourteen.

48 Geschichte der Juden von dem Tode Juda Makkabis bis zum Untergang des jÜdischen Staates.

49 Geschichte der Juden vom Abschluss des Talmud (500) bis zum AufblÜhen der jÜdisch-spanischen Kultur (1027).

50 The Protestant clergyman and diplomat, Jacob Basnage (d. 1723), historiographer of the Netherlands, was the first to write a history of the Jews down to his own time. The means at his command were inadequate and his historical insight hazy, yet he produced a connected account, which Jost took as a guide. The second attempt of the kind was made by an American woman, a Christian, Hannah Adams of Boston (1818), who was able to use only secondary sources. Cmp. for the predecessors of Graetz, his Geschichte, XI, p. 452 ff. (American Edition, V, p. 593).

51 Geschichte der Israeliten seit der Zeit der MakkabÄer.

52 Allgemeine Geschichte des israelitischen Volkes.

53 His last historical work, “The History of Judaism and its Sects” (Geschichte des Judenthums und seiner Sekten, 3 vols., 1857–59), Jost wrote in a different key. Influenced by Graetz’s work, he tended towards the adoption of the younger historian’s point of view.

54 Zunz considered the attempt to write a history of the Jews premature. When he asked the question, he probably had in mind the bungling “History of the Israelites” by Dr. J.H. Dessauer (1846), and in the allusion to it, covert though it was, lay the sting.

55 Geschichte, Vol. V (American Edition, Vol. III, pp. 188–207).

56 Ibid., Vol. VIII (American Edition, Vol. IV, pp. 145–147, 191–193).

57 Ibid., Vol. VIII (American Edition, Vol. IV, pp. 207–216).

58 Ibid., Vol. IX (American Edition, Vol. IV, pp. 491–511).

59 Cmp. Geschichte, Vol. IV, 2 Ed., Note 14.

60 Geschichte, Vol. III, 2 Ed., Note 26.

61 Jost, Geschichte des Judenthums und seiner Sekten, Pt. 1, p. 437, Note 2.

62 Geschichte, Vol. X, chaps. 6 and 7 (American Edition, Vol. V, Chap. 4).

63 The French, English, and Hebrew translations of the “History” were superintended by Graetz, and most of the proof-sheets were read by him. The French translation was made by his friend M. Hess, a Socialistic journalist, who by reason of his book, Rom und Jerusalem, may be counted among the Zionists. The third volume, the first translated, appeared under the title, Sinai et Golgatha (Paris, 1867). The sixth followed, and was called, Les Juifs d’Espagne (Paris, 1872). The Franco-Prussian war, which alienated the German and French Jews from each other, interrupted the work, and it was not resumed until some time in the “eighties.” The first volume translated into English was the fourth, by the Rev. James K. Gutheim, under the auspices of the second “American Jewish Publication Society” (New York, 1873). After Graetz’s visit to London in 1887, the English translation of the complete work was undertaken there. Both the French and the English translations were revisions of the German original, in which Graetz not only incorporated the results of the latest researches, but also tried to pay particular attention to the history of the Jews of the nations into whose language the work was rendered.

64 Institut zur FÖrderung der israelitischen Litteratur.

65 The second volume assumed such proportions that it had to be divided into two parts, each of which reached the respectable number of 500 pages.

66 Die Ebjoniten des alten Testaments.

67 Kohelet (-oder der salomonische Prediger, Übersetzt und kritisch erlÄutert).

68 Schir-ha-Schirim (-oder das salomonische Hohelied, Übersetzt und kritisch erlÄutert).

69 Kritischer Kommentar zu den Psalmen nebst Text und Uebersetzung.

70 Quoted in Rippner, Zum siebzigsten Geburtstag des Professors Dr. H. Graetz, p. 31.

71 Monatsschrift, 1883, vol. 32.

72 Ibid., 1884, vol. 33.

73 Ibid., 1886, vol. 35.

74 Preussische JahrbÜcher, 1879. vol. 44. p. 572 ff.

75 Ibid., p. 660.

76 Die Gegenwart, edited by Lindau, 1880, vol. 17, p. 18 ff.

77 Der deutsch-israelitische Gemeindebund.

78 One of these desiderata, but dimly discerned at the time, because its value was not in the least realized, was the publication of the “Memoirs of GlÜckel von Hameln,” since published in an excellent edition, without the help of a commission and without any ostentation by a pupil of Graetz, the learned Professor D. Kaufmann of Buda-Pesth. This remarkable book, which no one should fail to read, was fairly rediscovered by Professor Kaufmann.

79 Die Juden in Deutschland wÄhrend des Mittelalters.

80 Zeitschrift fÜr die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland.

81 Regesten zur Geschichte der Juden u. s. w.

82 See Note p. 86.

83 As late as 1888 he published a VolksthÜmliche Geschichte der Juden (“Popular History of the Jews”) in three volumes, in response to numerous and frequently repeated requests for a short and popular history. He put all his historical matter into a concise form, constantly bearing in mind the needs of the intelligent laity. At the same time he did not fail to make use of newly determined data. The shorter work has peculiar value, inasmuch as Graetz lays down in it his opinion of men of his own generation whom he had passed over in silence in his eleventh volume published in 1870. He had adopted the rule of not considering living persons in his historical presentation. But from 1870 to 1888 many prominent figures had been removed from the arena by death, and he was left free in the later work to express his judgment upon their character and achievements.

84 Die westgothische Gesetzgebung in Betreff der Juden.

85 Frank und die Frankisten.

86 Das KÖnigreich Mesene und seine jÜdische BevÖlkerung.