1. Object and Character of this Book.
2. Progress requires that we should look back as well as forward.
3. Orthodoxy as Right Belief.
4. Orthodoxy as the Doctrine of the Majority. Objections.
5. Orthodoxy as the Oldest Doctrine. Objections.
6. Orthodoxy as the Doctrine held by all.
7. Orthodoxy, as a Formula, not to be found.
8. Orthodoxy as Convictions underlying Opinions.
9. Substantial Truth and Formal Error in all great Doctrinal Systems.
10. Importance of this Distinction.
11. The Orthodox and Liberal Parties in New England.
1. The Principle of Orthodoxy defined.
2. Logical Genesis of the Principle of Orthodoxy.
3. Orthodoxy assumed to be the Belief of the Majority.
4. Heterodoxy thus becomes sinful.
5. The Doctrine of Essentials and Non-essentials leads to Rome.
6. Fallacy in this Orthodox Argument.
7. The three Tendencies in the Church.
8. The Party of Works.
9. The Party of Emotion in Christianity.
10. The Faith Party in Religion.
11. Truth in the Orthodox Idea.
12. Error in the Orthodox Principle.
13. Faith, Knowledge, Belief, Opinion.
1. Meaning of Natural and Supernatural.
2. The Creation Supernatural.
3. The Question stated.
4. Argument of the Supernaturalist from successive Geologic Creations.
5. Supernatural Argument from Human Freedom.
6. Supernatural Events not necessarily Violations of Law.
7. Life and History contain Supernatural Events.
8. The Error of Orthodox Supernaturalism.
9. No Conflict between Naturalism and Supernaturalism.
10. Further Errors of Orthodox Supernaturalism Gulf between Christianity and all other Religions.
11. Christianity considered unnatural, as well as supernatural
1. The Subject stated. Four Questions concerning Miracles.
2. The Definition of a Miracle.
3. The different Explanations of the Miracles of the Bible.
4. Criticism on these Different Views of Miracles.
5. Miracles no Proof of Christianity.
6. But Orthodoxy is right in maintaining their Reality as Historic Facts.
7. Analogy with other Similar Events recorded in History.
8. Miracle of the Resurrection. Sceptical Objections.
9. Final Result of this Examination.
1. Subject of this Chapter. Three Views concerning the Bible.
2. The Difficulty. Antiquity of the World, and Age of Mankind.
3. Basis of the Orthodox Theory of Inspiration.
4. Inspiration in general, or Natural Inspiration.
5. Christian or Supernatural Inspiration.
6. Inspiration of the Scriptures, especially of the New Testament Scriptures.
7. Authority of the Scriptures.
8. The Christian Prepossession.
9. Conclusion.
1. The Question stated.
2. The four Moments or Characters of Evil. The Fall, Natural Depravity, Total Depravity, Inability.
3. Orthodox and Liberal View of Man, as morally diseased or otherwise.
4. Sin as Disease.
5. Doctrine of the Fall in Adam, and Natural Depravity. Their Truth and Error.
6. Examination of Romans, 5:12-21.
7. Orthodox View of Total Depravity and Inability.
8. Proof Texts.
9. Truth in the Doctrine of Total Depravity.
10. Ability and Inability.
11. Orthodox Doctrine of Inability.
12. Some further Features of Orthodox Theology concerning Human Sinfulness.
1. Orthodoxy recognizes only two Conditions in which Man can be found.
2. Crisis and Development.
3. Nature of the Change.
4. Its Reality and Importance.
5. Is it the Work of God, or of the Man himself? Orthodox Difficulty.
6. Solved by the Distinction between Conversion and Regeneration.
7. Men may be divided, religiously, into three Classes, not two.
8. Difference between Conversion and Regeneration.
9. Unsatisfactory Attitude of the Orthodox Church.
10. The Essential Thing for Man is to repent and be converted;
11. Regeneration is God's Work in the Soul. Examination of the
12. Evidences of Regeneration.
1. Orthodox Doctrine stated.
2. This Doctrine gradually developed.
3. Unitarian Objections.
4. Substantial Truth in this Doctrine.
5. Formal Error of the Orthodox Statement.
6. Errors of Arianism and Naturalism.
1. This Doctrine of Paul not obsolete.
2. Its Meaning and Importance.
3. Need of Justification for the Conscience.
4. Reaction of Sin on the Soul.
5. Different Methods of obtaining Forgiveness.
6. Method in Christianity.
7. Result.
8. Its History in the Church.
9. Orthodox Errors, at the present Time, in Regard to Justification by Faith.
10. Errors of Liberal Christians.
1. Confusion in the Orthodox Statement.
2. Great Importance attributed to this Doctrine.
3. Stress laid on the Death of Jesus in the Scripture.
4. Difficulty in interpreting these Scripture Passages.
5. Theological Theories based on the Figurative Language of the New Testament.
6. The three principal Views of the Atonement warlike, legal, and governmental.
7. Impression made by Christ's Death on the Minds of his
8. Value of Suffering as a Means of Education.
9. The Human Conscience suggests the Need of some Satisfaction in order to our Forgiveness.
10. How the Death of Jesus brings Men to God.
11. This Law of Vicarious Suffering universal.
12. This Law illustrated from History in the Death of
13. Dr. Bushnell's View of the Atonement.
14. Results of this Discussion.
1. Orthodox Doctrine.
2. Scripture Basis for this Doctrine.
3. Relation of the Divine Decree to Human Freedom.
4. History of the Doctrine of Election and Predestination.
5. Election is to Work and Opportunity here, not to Heaven
6. How other Nations were elected and called.
7. How different Denominations are elected.
8. How Individuals are elected.
9. How Jesus was elected to be the Christ.
10. Other Illustrations of Individual Calling and Election.
1. Orthodox Doctrine. (2)
2. The Doctrine of Immortality as taught by Reason, the Instinctive Consciousness, and Scripture.
3. The Three Principal Views of Death the Pagan, Jewish, and Christian.
4. Eternal Life, as taught in the New Testament, not endless
5. Resurrection, and its real Meaning, as a Rising up, and not a Rising again.
6. Resurrection of the Body, as taught in the New Testament,
1. The Coming of Christ is not wholly future, not wholly outward, not local, nor material.
2. No Second Coming of Christ is mentioned in Scripture.
3. Were the Apostles mistaken in expecting a speedy Coming of Christ?
4. Examination of the Account of Christ's Coming given by Jesus in Matthew (chapters 24-26).
5. Coming of Christ in Human History at different Times.
6. Relation of the Parable of the Virgins, and of the Talents, to Christ's Coming.
7. Relation of the Account of the Judgment by the Messiah, in Matt. ch. 25, to his Coming.
8. How Christ is, and how he is not, to judge the World.
9. When Christ's Judgment takes Place.
10. Paul's View of the Judgment by Christ.
11. Final Result.
1. Different Views concerning the Condition of the Impenitent hereafter.
2. The Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment, as held by the Orthodox at the Present Time.
3. Apparent Contradictions, both in Scripture and Reason, in Regard to this Doctrine.
4. Everlasting Punishment limits the Sovereignty of God.
5. Everlasting Punishment contradicts the Fatherly Love of God.
6. Attempts to modify and soften the Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment.
7. The meaning of Eternal Punishment in Scripture.
8. How Judgment by Christ is connected with Punishment.
9. The Doctrine of Annihilation.
10. The Doctrine of Universal Restoration.
1. The Question stated. (2)
2. Orthodox Doctrine of the Church Roman Catholic and High Church.
3. The Protestant Orthodox Idea of the Church.
4. Christ's Idea of a Church, or the Kingdom of Heaven.
5. Church of the Leaven, or the Invisible Church.
6. The Church of the Mustard-seed.
7. Primitive and Apostolic Church, or Church as it was.
8. The Actual Church, or the Church as it is.
9. The Church Ideal, or Church as it ought to be.
10. The Church Possible, or Church as it can be.
1. Definition of the Church Doctrine.
2. History of the Doctrine.
3. Errors in the Church Doctrine of the Trinity.
4. The Trinity of Manifestations founded in the Truth of Things.
5. It is in Harmony with Scripture.
6. Practical value of the Trinity, when rightly understood.
1. On the Defence of Nescience in Theology, by Herbert Spencer and Henry L. Mansel.
2. On the Defence of Verbal Inspiration by Gaussen.
3. Defence of the Doctrine that Sin is a Nature, by Professor Shedd.
4. Defence of Everlasting Punishment, by Dr. Nehemiah Adams and Dr. J. P. Thompson.
5. Defence of the Trinity, by Frederick D. Huntington, D. D.
Section 1.
Section 2.
Section 3.
Section 4.
Section 5.
Orthodoxy:
Its Truths And Errors
By
James Freeman Clarke
“Soleo enim in allena castra transire, non tanquam transfuga, sed tanquam explorator.”—Seneca, EpistolÆ, 2.
“Fiat lux. Cupio refelli, ubi aberrarim; nihil majus, nihil aliud quam veritatem efflagito.”—Thomas Burnet, Arch. Phil.
Fourteenth Edition.
Boston:
American Unitarian Association.
1880.
