Final i and o are long, if they are not marked. All other long single vowels are marked, unless they are followed by two consonants, in which case the syllable is necessarily long.

Perfects and supines of all verbs of the third conjugation are given. Under other verbs they are not given, unless they are irregular.

An asterisk (*) prefixed to a word indicates that the word itself is not found.

A
a, ab, abs, prep. c. abl. from, by.
ab-dico (1), tr. reject;
abdico me (c. abl.), resign.
ab-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, intr. go away.
ab-horreo, -ui,——(2), intr. shrink from, differ from, am unconnected with, am inconsistent with.
ab-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. cast away, degrade, humble;
abiectus, -a, -um, downcast, disheartened, prostrated.
abs-condo, -di or -didi, -ditum (3), tr. hide, conceal.
absens, -ntis, absent.
absolutio, -onis, f. acquittal.
ab-sum, afui, abesse, intr. am away, am distant.
abundantia, -ae, f. plenty.
ab-utor, -usus sum (3), intr. c. abl. misuse, abuse.
ac, see atque.
ac-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. come, approach.
ac-celero (1), tr. or intr. hasten, make haste.
ac-cido, -cidi, —— (3), intr. happen.
ac-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. receive.
ac-cuso (1), tr. reproach, blame.
acer, acris, acre, sharp, keen, active, vigorous, violent, severe.
acerbe, adv. bitterly, violently.
acerbitas, -atis, f. harshness, pain, affliction.
acerbus, -a, -um, bitter, violent.
acervus, -i, m. heap.
acies, -ei, f. sharp edge, edge; line of battle, battle array.
acriter, adv. keenly, energetically;
compar. acrius.
ad, prep. c. acc. to, at, near, with, for, with respect to.
ad-cubo, ——, —— (1), intr. recline.
ad-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring, bring up, lead, induce, prevail upon.
adeo, adv. so far, so, even.
adeps, -ipis, c. fat;
plur. corpulence.
ad-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. bring to, apply.
ad-ficio, -feci, -fectum (3), tr. treat, honour, weaken, &c. (varied in meaning by the abl. that qualifies it).
adfinis, -e, related, associated.
ad-flicto (1), tr. vex, distress.
ad-fligo, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. strike down, cast down.
ad-grego (1), tr. gather together.
ad-hibeo (2), tr. apply, use.
adhuc, adv. hitherto.
ad-imo, -emi, -emptum (3), tr. take away.
ad-ipiscor, -eptus sum (3), tr. get, obtain.
aditus, -us, m. means of approaching, approach, access.
ad-iungo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. join, add, unite.
ad-iuvo, -iuvi, -iutum (1), tr. help.
administer, -tri, m. assistant, helper.
ad-ministro (1), tr. manage, govern.
ad-miror (1), tr. wonder at.
admonitus, -us, m. suggestion, request.
ad-nuo, -ui, -utum (3), intr. nod, assent.
adparatus, -a, -um, splendid, sumptuous.
ad-propinquo (1), intr. approach.
ad-quiro, -sivi, -situm (3), tr. get, gain.
ad-scisco, -scivi, -scitum (3), tr. admit.
ad-sequor, -secutus sum (3), tr. overtake, gain, obtain.
ad-servo (1), tr. keep safe.
ad-sideo, -sedi, -sessum (2), intr. sit, sit down.
ad-suefacio, -feci, -factum (3), tr. accustom, habituate.
ad-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. am near, am at hand.
adulescens, -ntis, m. youth.
adulescentulus, -i, m. very young man, youth.
adulter, -eri, m. adulterer.
adultus, -a, -um, full-grown.
adventus, -us, m. coming, arrival.
ad-vesperascit, -avit, ——, impers. (3), intr. evening approaches.
aedes, -is, f. temple;
plur. house.
aedificium, -i, n. building, house.
aedifico (1), tr. build.
aeger, -gra, -grum, sick, ill.
aeque, adv. equally, in like manner;
aeque ac, just as.
aequitas, -atis, f. justice.
aequus, -a, -um, level, equal, untroubled.
aerarium, -i, n. treasury.
aerarius, -a, -um, belonging to the treasury;
tribuni aerarii, paymasters.
aerumna, -ae, f. trouble, distress.
aes, aeris, n. copper, bronze; money;
plur. bronze tablets;
aes alienum, debt.
aestus, -us, m. heat.
aetas, -atis, f. age.
aeternus, -a, -um, eternal, endless.
ager, -gri, m. territory; land.
agnosco (ad-gnosco), -gnovi, -gnitum (3), tr. recognize.
ago, egi, actum (3), tr. drive, do, carry out;
intr. plead, speak.
agrarius, -a, -um, of the land, agrarian;
agrarii, -orum, m. plur. partisans of the agrarian laws.
agrestis, -e, of the country, of the fields;
agrestis, -is, m. countryman, peasant.
aio, ais, ait, defect. intr. say.
alea, -ae, f. game of hazard, gambling.
aleator, -oris, m. gambler.
alienigena, -ae, foreign, alien.
alienus, -a, -um, strange, belonging to another;
alienus, -i, m. stranger.
aliquando, adv. at some time, now at length.
aliquanto, adv. somewhat, a little.
aliqui, -qua, -quod, indef. adj. some.
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron. some one, something.
aliquo, adv. to some place.
aliquot, indecl. adj. several, a number of.
alius, -a, -ud, other;
alii . . . alii, some ... others.
alo, -ui, -tum (3), tr. feed, nourish, cherish, maintain, support.
altaria, -ium, n. plur. altar.
alter, -era, -erum, the other, second;
alter . . . alter, the one ... the other.
altus, -a, -um, high, lofty.
amentia, -ae, f. senselessness, madness.
amicio, -icui or -ixi, -ictum (3), tr. wrap, cover.
amicitia, -ae, f. friendship.
amicus, -a, -um, m. friend.
a-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. lose.
amo (1), tr. love;
amans, -ntis, loving, affectionate, devoted to (gen.).
amor, -oris, m. love, passion.
amplector, -plexus sum (3), tr. embrace, include.
amplifico (1), tr. extend, enlarge.
amplitudo, -inis, f. grandeur, distinction.
amplus, -a, -um, considerable, great, illustrious; handsome (of words or rewards);
neut. compar. amplius, noun, more; adv. further, besides.
an, conj. or, after utrum or -ne;
also used elliptically to ask a single question.
angulus, -i, m. corner.
anhelo (1), tr. or intr. breathe out, exhale; pant, gasp.
anima, -ae, f. breath, life.
animadversio, -onis, f. punishment, chastisement.
animadverto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. notice, observe;
intr. animadverto in, punish.
animus, -i, m. mind, heart, feeling;
plur. spirit, courage.
annus, -i, m. year.
ante, adv. or prep. before.
antea, adv. before, formerly.
antelucanus, -a, -um, before light, lasting till daybreak.
ante-pono, -posui, -positum (3), tr. prefer.
antequam, conj. before.
antiquus, -a, -um, ancient, old.
aperio, -ui, -tum (4), tr. open.
aperte, adv. openly.
appello (1), tr. speak to, address.
aptus, -a, -um, fit.
apud, prep. c. acc. near, with, among, at the house of.
aqua, -ae, f. water.
aquila, -ae, f. eagle.
ara, -ae, f. altar.
arbitror (1), tr. or intr. think.
arceo, -ui, -tum (2), tr. keep away, repel.
arcesso, -ivi, -itum (3), tr. call, summon.
ardeo, arsi, arsum (2), intr. burn.
ardor, -oris, m. fire, heat, brightness.
argenteus, -a, -um, of silver, silver.
argentum, -i, n. silver, silver plate.
argumentum, -i, n. proof, evidence.
arma, -orum, n. plur. arms.
armatus, -a, -um, armed.
arx, arcis, f. citadel, stronghold.
ascendo (ad-scendo), -di, -sum (3), intr. mount, climb.
aspectus, -us, m. gaze, sight.
aspicio (ad-spicio), -spexi, -spectum (3), tr. look at.
assidue, adv. constantly.
at, conj. but;
adv. yet.
atque or ac, conj. and, as.
atrocitas, -atis, f. savageness, cruelty.
atrox, -ocis, horrible, hideous.
at-tendo, -di, -tum (3), tr. direct to;
sc. animum, give heed to.
at-tribuo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. assign, allot.
auctionarius, -a, -um, of an auction.
auctor,-oris, m. originator, author, proposer, doer.
auctoritas, -atis, f. influence, authority, bidding.
audacia, -ae, f. boldness, insolence, violence.
audax, -acis, bold, violent.
audeo, ausus sum (2), tr. or intr. dare.
audio (4), tr. hear.
augeo, -xi, -ctum (2), tr. increase, enlarge.
auris, -is, f. ear.
auspicium, -i, n. augury.
aut, conj. or;
aut . . . aut, either ... or.
autem, conj. but.
auxilium, -i, n. help.
a-verto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. turn away;
aversus a, opposed to.
avus, -i, m. grandfather.
B
bacchor (1), intr. revel, run wanton.
barbaria, -ae, f. foreign country, barbarous country.
barbarus, -a, -um, foreign, barbarous.
barbatus, -a, -um, bearded.
beatus, -a, -um, blessed, happy, well-to-do.
bellum, -i, n. war.
bene, adv. well.
beneficium, -i, n. kindness, service.
benevolentia, -ae, f. good-will, affection.
benignitas, -atis, f. kindness, favour.
bibo, bibi, —— (3), tr. drink.
bipertito, adv. in two divisions.
bis, adv. twice.
bonus, -a, -um, good, honest, respectable;
bona, -orum, n. plur. property.
brevis, -e, short.
breviter, adv. shortly.
C
caedes, -is, f. bloodshed, murder, massacre.
caelum, -i, n. heaven, sky.
calamitas, -atis, f. disaster.
callidus, -a, -um, skilful, crafty.
campus, -i, m. plain (especially the Campus Martius).
cano, cecini, cantum (3), tr. or intr. sing, foretell.
canto (1), intr. sing.
capillus, -i, m. hair.
capio, cepi, captum (3), tr. take, hold, make, form;
mente captus, -a, -um, weakened in sense, insane.
capitalis, -e, belonging to the head, capital, deadly.
caput, -itis, n. head; life, civil rights.
carcer, -eris, m. prison.
careo (2), intr. c. abl. am without, forgo.
carus, -a, -um, dear.
castra, -orum, n. plur. camp.
castrensis, -e, of the camp.
casus, -us, m. chance.
causa, -ae, f. cause, reason, question; position;
causa (gen.), for the purpose of.
cedo, cessi, cessum (3), intr. yield;
c. dat. yield to.
celebro (1), tr. throng, celebrate.
celeriter, adv. quickly.
cena, -ae, f. dinner, supper.
censeo, -ui, -um (2), tr. judge, propose, vote.
centurio, -onis, m. centurion.
cerno, crevi, cretum (3), tr. discern, perceive.
certamen, -inis, n. contest.
certe, adv. certainly, assuredly.
certo (1), intr. contend, struggle, fight, rival.
certus, -a, -um, certain, sure, trustworthy;
certiorem facio, inform.
cervix, -icis, f. neck; usually plur. in prose.
ceteri, -ae, -a, the rest, all other.
cibus, -i, m. food.
cinis, -eris, m. ashes.
circum, adv. or prep., c. acc. around, about.
circum-cludo, -si, -sum (3), tr. shut in, hem in.
circum-do, -dedi, -datum (1), tr. put round.
circumscriptor, -oris, m. cheat.
circum-sedeo, -sedi, -sessum (2), tr. surround.
circum-spicio, -exi, -ectum (3), tr. or intr. look round, look round on, give heed to.
circum-sto, -steti, —— (1), tr. or intr. stand round.
civilis, -e, civil, political.
civis, -is, c. citizen.
civitas, -atis, f. state.
clam, adv. secretly.
clamo (1), intr. cry out.
clarus, -a, -um, bright, manifest, famous.
clemens, -ntis, merciful.
clientela, -ae, f. clientship (the relation of patron and dependent at Rome).
coepi, defect. (3), tr. or intr. began, have begun;
coeptus, -a, -um, begun.
coeptus, -us, m. attempt.
co-erceo (2), tr. check, restrain, repress.
coetus, -us, m. assemblage, company.
cogitatio, -onis, f. thought, intent.
cogito (1), tr. reflect upon, meditate, design.
cognitor, -oris, m. advocate.
co-gnosco, -gnovi, -gnitum (3), tr. learn, recognize, know.
cogo (co-ago), coegi, coactum (3), tr. call together, collect, compel.
cohors, -rtis, f. cohort (one tenth of a legion).
collega, -ae, m. colleague.
col-ligo, -legi, -lectum (3), tr. bring together, collect.
col-loco, see con-loco.
colonia, -ae, f. settlement, colony.
colonus, -i, m. settler, colonist.
color, -oris, m. colour.
comes, -itis, c. companion.
comissatio, -onis, f. revelling.
comitatus, -us, m. retinue.
comitium, -i, n. comitium (place for voting by the north-east extremity of the Forum);
plur. assembly, elections.
comitor (1), tr. accompany;
comitatus, -a, -um, also in pass. sense from comito.
com-memoro (1), tr. mention, relate, declare.
commendatio, -onis, f. recommendation.
com-mendo (1), tr. entrust.
com-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. bring together, begin, engage in; practise, perpetrate, entrust;
committo ut, bring about that, so act that.
com-moveo, -movi, -motum (2), tr. move, stir, trouble, alarm.
communis, -e, common, general.
com-muto (1), change, alter.
com-paro (1), tr. get together, procure, acquire, contrive.
com-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive.
com-perio, -peri, -pertum (4), tr. discover, ascertain.
competitor, -oris, m. rival, competitor.
complector, -plexus sum (3), tr. embrace.
complexus, -us, m. embrace.
complures, -a or -ia, several, many.
com-prehendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. lay hold of, arrest, detect.
com-primo, -pressi, -pressum (3), tr. crush.
conatus, -us, m. attempt.
con-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), tr. or intr. grant, yield, retire.
con-cido, -cidi, —— (3), intr. fall, fail, collapse.
con-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. take in, imagine, conceive.
con-cito (1), tr. excite, arouse, stir up.
concordia, -ae, f. harmony, union, unanimity.
con-cupisco, -ivi, -itum (3), tr. covet, strive after.
con-curso (1), intr. hurry about, run to and fro.
concursus, -us, m. gathering.
con-demno (1), tr. convict (acc. and gen.), condemn.
condicio, -onis, f. agreement, terms, lot, task, position, circumstances.
con-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. found, build, store.
con-fercio, ——, -tum (4), tr. fill full, stuff, cram.
con-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. bring together, contribute,
compare, direct, put off;
with reflex. pronoun, betake myself.
confessio, -onis, f. confession.
confestim, adv. immediately.
con-ficio, -feci, -fectum (3), tr. finish, carry out, wear out.
con-fido, -fisus sum (3), intr. c. dat. trust, rely on;
c. infin. am confident that.
con-firmo (1), tr. strengthen, increase; declare.
con-fiteor, -fessus sum (2), tr. or intr. confess, admit.
con-flagro (1), intr. burn, am consumed.
con-fligo, -xi, -ctum (3), intr. come into conflict, am opposed.
con-flo (1), tr. blow together, fuse; stir up, cause.
con-fringo, -fregi, -fractum (3), tr. break up, bring to naught.
con-grego (1), tr. herd together, assemble.
con-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. cast, hurl, aim, drive.
coniectura, -ae, f. inference.
coniunctio, -onis, f. union.
con-iungo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. join, unite, connect.
coniunx, -ugis, c. husband, wife.
coniuratio, -onis, f. conspiracy.
coniurator, -oris, m. conspirator.
coniuratus, -i, m. conspirator.
co-niveo, ——, —— (2), intr. wink, connive.
con-loco or col-loco (1), tr. set up, place, pitch.
conor (1), tr. or intr. try, attempt.
con-roboro (1), tr. strengthen.
consceleratus, -a, -um, wicked, criminal.
conscientia, -ae, f. knowledge, consciousness, knowledge of guilt, conscience.
con-scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. enroll.
con-secro (1), make sacred, consecrate.
consensio, -onis, f. unanimity.
con-sentio, -sensi, -sensum (4), intr. agree, unite.
con-sequor, -secutus sum (3), tr. follow up, follow, catch up, attain to, learn.
con-servo (1), tr. keep safe, save.
consilium, -i, n. deliberation, purpose, intention; plan, wisdom; council.
con-solor (1), tr. console.
conspectus, -us, m. sight.
con-spicio, -spexi, -spectum (3), tr. observe, look at, look upon.
conspiratio, -onis f. agreement, concord.
constanter, adv. steadily, consistently.
constantia, -ae, f. firmness, steadfastness.
con-stituo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. set, settle, appoint, ordain, establish, found.
con-sto, -stiti, -statum (1), intr. am consistent, last;
con-stat, impers. it is agreed, it is well known.
con-stringo, -nxi, -ctum (3), tr. bind together, bind.
consuetudo, -inis, f. custom, habit.
consul, -ulis, m. consul (the title of the two highest magistrates of the Roman state, elected annually).
consularis, -e, of a consul, consular;
consularis, -is, m. ex-consul, one of consular rank.
consulatus, -us, m. consulship.
consulo, -ui, -tum (3), tr. consult;
intr. c. dat. provide for.
consultum, -i, n. decree, resolution.
con-sumo, -mpsi, -mptum (3), tr. use up, waste, spend.
con-tamino (1), tr. defile, pollute.
con-temno, -tempsi, -temptum (3), tr. despise.
con-tendo, -di, -tum (3), tr. compare, contrast.
contentio, -onis, f. struggle, rivalry.
contentus, -a, -um, contented.
con-ticesco, -ticui, —— (3), intr. become silent.
con-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. contain, retain, enclose, repress, keep to myself.
con-tingo, -tigi, -tactum (3), tr. or intr. touch, reach; befall, happen.
contio, -onis, f. meeting (summoned by a magistrate), speech.
contionator, -oris, m. haranguer, demagogue.
contra, prep. c. acc. against;
adv. opposite, otherwise;
contra atque, otherwise than.
con-traho, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. draw together, cause, incur.
controversia, -ae, f. dispute, question.
contumelia, -ae, f. insult.
con-venio, -veni, -ventum (4), intr. come together, meet;
con-venit, impers. it is fitting.
conventus, -us, m. meeting.
con-verto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. turn, turn back, direct.
con-vinco, -vici, -victum (3), tr. refute, convict.
convivium, -i, n. feast, banquet.
con-voco (1), tr. call together, assemble.
copia, -ae, f. plenty, abundance;
plur. resources, troops.
copiosus, -a, -um, plentiful, well supplied.
corpus, -oris, n. body.
cor-rigo, -rexi, -rectum (3), tr. correct, amend.
cor-rumpo, -rupi, -ruptum (3), tr. ruin, seduce;
corruptus, -i, m. scoundrel.
cor-ruo, -ui, —— (3), intr. fall together, fall.
corruptela, -ae, f. corruption, seduction.
corruptor, -oris,

m. seducer, corruptor.
cotidianus, -a, -um, daily.
cotidie, adv. daily.
credo, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. entrust;
intr. c. dat. believe.
cresco, crevi, cretum (3), tr. grow, increase, am enlarged.
cruciatus, -us, m. torture.
crudelis, -e, cruel.
crudelitas, -atis, f. cruelty.
crudeliter, adv. cruelly;
compar. crudelius.
cruentus, -a, -um, bloody.
cubile, -is, n. bed.
culpa, -ae, f. fault.
cum, conj. when, since.
cum, prep. c. abl. together with, with.
cumulo (1), tr. heap up, aggravate.
cunctus, -a, -um, all.
cupiditas, -atis, f. desire, passion.
cupio, -ivi, -itum (3), tr. desire, wish.
cur, adv. why.
cura, -ae, f. care, anxiety, task.
curia, -ae, f. senate-house.
curo (1), tr. or intr. care for, attend to, take measures.
currus, -us, m. chariot.
cursus, -us, m. course, path.
custodia, -ae, f. watch, guard, imprisonment;
sentinel (usually in plur.).
custodio (4), tr. guard.
custos, -odis, c. guardian, guard.
D
damno (1), tr. condemn.
de, prep. c. abl. down from, from, concerning.
debeo (2), tr. owe;
followed by infin. am bound to, must, ought.
debilis, -e, weak.
debilito (1), weaken, unnerve.
de-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. withdraw.
decem, indecl. adj. ten.
de-cerno, -crevi, -cretum (3), tr. or intr. determine, decree, resolve.
decimus, -a, -um, tenth.
declinatio, -onis, f. bending aside, avoidance, escape.
decoctor, -oris, m. bankrupt.
dedecus, -oris, n. disgrace.
de-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring down, bring, lead away, conduct.
de-fatigo (1), tr. tire out.
de-fendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. protect, guard, defend.
de-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. bring down, report.
de-ficio, -feci, -fectum (3), tr. or intr. desert, fail; revolt from, rebel against.
de-figo, -xi, -xum (3), tr. drive, plunge.
de-flagro (1), tr. or intr. turn down, destroy utterly; am consumed.
de-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. throw aside, cast down, force away.
deinde, adv. next, then;
after primum, secondly.
delecto (1), tr. please, delight.
deleo, -evi, -etum (2), tr. destroy, annihilate.
delicatus, -a, -um, luxurious, effeminate.
de-ligo, -legi, -lectum (3), tr. choose.
de-lubrum, -i, n. shrine.
demens, -ntis, mad, maddened, distracted.
dementer, adv. insanely.
dementia, -ae, f. madness, insanity.
de-migro (1), intr. depart, remove.
de-minuo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. lessen, abate.
deminutio, -onis, f. decrease, loss.
de-monstro (1), tr. point out.
demum, adv. at last.
denique, adv. at last, at length.
de-nuntio (1), tr. give notice of.
de-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive down, drive away, remove, overthrow.
de-pendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. pay.
de-ploro (1), tr. lament.
de-pono, -posui, -positum (3), tr. lay aside, put away.
de-posco, -poposci, —— (3), tr. demand.
de-pravo (1), tr. pervert, lead astray.
de-precor (1), tr. avert by prayer, avert.
de-prehendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. catch, find out, detect.
de-relinquo, -liqui, -lictum (3), tr. abandon, desert.
de-scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. copy off, arrange, map out.
de-sero, -serui, -sertum (3), tr. desert, abandon.
de-siderium, -i, n. want, longing.
desidero (1), tr. long for, miss.
de-signo (1), tr. note, appoint;
designatus, -a, -um, elected, elect (especially of a consul).
de-sino, -sii, -situm (3), tr. or intr. stop, cease.
de-sisto, -stiti, -stitum (3), intr. cease.
desperatio, -onis, f. despair.
de-spero (1), tr. or intr. despair of, give up hope;
desperatus, -a, -um, desperate.
de-stringo, -nxi, -ctum (3), tr. strip, unsheathe, draw.
de-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. c. dat. am wanting to, fail.
de-testor (1), tr. avert by entreaty.
de-traho, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. withdraw, take away.
detrimentum, -i, n. damage, hurt.
deus, -i, m. god.
de-voveo, -vovi, -votum (2), tr. vow.
dextera or dextra, -ae, f. right-hand.
dico, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. or intr. say, speak.
dictator, -oris, m. dictator.
dictatura, -ae, f. dictatorship.
dictito (1), tr. keep saying, repeat.
dies, -ei, c. (m. in plur.) day, period;
in dies, day by day, as days pass.
difficilis, -e, difficult.
difficultas, -atis, f. difficulty, distress, distressed circumstances.
dignitas, -atis, f. worthiness, honour, authority.
dignus, -a, -um, worthy, deserving.
di-iudico (1), tr. decide, determine.
dilectus, -us, m. choice, levy.
diligens, -ntis, careful, active.
diligenter, adv. carefully, earnestly.
diligentia, -ae, f. care, energy.
di-lucescit, -luxit, —— (3), impers. intr. it dawns.
dimicatio, onis, f. fighting.
di-mico (1) intr. fight, struggle.
di-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. send away.
direptio, -onis, f. plundering.
direptor, m. plunderer.
di-ripio, -ripui, -reptum (3), tr. plunder.
dis-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. depart.
dis-cerno, -crevi, -cretum (3), tr. divide.
discessus, -us, m. departure.
disciplina, -ae, f. teaching, training, practice.
disco, didici, —— (3), tr. learn.
di-scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. distribute, assign.
discrimen, -inis, n. danger.
dis-pertio (4), tr. distribute.
dis-semino (1), tr. spread.
dissensio, -onis, f. discord, disagreement.
dis-sentio, -si, -sum (4), intr. disagree, differ.
dissimilis, -e, unlike.
dis-simulo (1), tr. or intr. hide, disguise, dissemble.
dis-solvo, -solvi, -solutum (3), tr. unloose, release, disunite;
dissolutus, -a, -um, remiss, negligent.
dis-tribuo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. divide, distribute.
diu, adv. for a long time, long.
di-vello, -velli, -vulsum (3), tr. tear, separate.
diversus, -a, -um, other, different.
divinitus, adv. by divine influence, from heaven.
do, dedi, datum (1), tr. give, deliver, write (a letter).
dolor, -oris, m. sorrow, grief, pang.
domesticus, -a, -um, belonging to a home, family, private; intestine, civil (war).
domicilium, -i, n. dwelling, home.
dominatio, -onis, f. tyranny, despotism.
domus, -us, f. house;
loc. domi, at home;
domi meae, at my house;
domum, home.
dormio (4), intr. sleep.
dubitatio, -onis, f. doubt.
dubito (1), intr. doubt, hesitate.
dubius, -a, -um, doubtful;
sine dubio, without doubt.
duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead, carry off, think, consider.
dudum, adv. see iam dudum.
duint, older form of pres. subj. of do.
dulcis, -e, sweet.
dum, conj. while, until, provided that.
dummodo, conj. provided that, if only.
duo, -ae, -o, two.
duodecimus, -a, -um, twelfth.
dux, ducis, c. leader.
E
e or ex, prep. c. abl. from, out of, in accordance with.
ebriosus, -a, -um, given to drinking, drunkard.
ecquis, ecquid, interrog. pron. any one? anything?
ecquid, in any way? (used as an interrog. particle).
edictum, -i, n. edict, proclamation.
e-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. put forth, set forth, declare.
e-doceo, -ui, -tum (2), tr. inform.
e-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead out, draw.
ef-fero, extuli, elatum, efferre, tr. bring out, carry out, raise.
effrenatus, -a, -um, unbridled.
ef-fugio, -fugi, —— (3), tr. or intr. flee from, escape, shun, flee away.
egeo, -ui, —— (2), intr. am needy.
egestas, -atis, f. poverty.
ego, mei, I.
e-gredior, -gressus sum (3), intr. go out.
egregius, -a, -um, excellent, eminent, great.
e-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. drive out, wreck.
e-labor, -lapsus sum (3), intr. slip away, drop.
e-ludo, -si, -sum (3), tr. jeer, make sport of;
intr. cease to play, have full play.
e-mergo, -si, -sum (3), intr. come up, get clear.
e-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. send out, allow to escape.
e-morior, -mortuus sum (3), intr. die.
enim, conj. for.
eo, adv. to that place.
eo, ii, itum, ire, intr. go.
eodem, adv. to the same place.
eques, -itis, m. horseman; one of the order called Equites.
equitatus, -us, m. cavalry.
erga, prep. c. acc. towards.
ergo, adv. accordingly, therefore, then.
e-ripio, -ripui, -reptum (3), tr. snatch away, take away.
erro (1), intr. wander, mistake, am wrong.
e-ructo (1), tr. vomit forth.
e-rumpo, -rupi, -ruptum (3), tr. or intr. burst asunder; break forth, rush out.
et, conj. and;
et . . . et, both ... and.
etenim, conj. and indeed, for indeed, truly, yet.
etiam, conj. or adv. also, even, even yet, still.
etsi, conj. although.
e-vado, -si, -sum (3), intr. get away, escape.
e-verto, -ti, -sum (3), tr. overthrow.
e-vocator, -oris, m. one who calls to arms, instigator.
e-vomo, -ui, -itum (3), tr. vomit forth.
ex, see e.
ex-aggero (1), tr. heap up, magnify.
ex-animo (1), tr. deprive of life, deprive of sense
ex-animatus, -a, -um, dead, fainting.
ex-audio (4), tr. hear.
ex-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. retire, withdraw.
excelsus, -a, -um, lofty, high;
excelsum, -i, n. height.
ex-cido, -cidi, —— (3), intr. fall out, fall down.
ex-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. except, make exception of; catch, intercept.
ex-cito (1), tr. summon forth, stir up, arouse.
ex-cludo, -si, -sum (3), tr. shut out.
excursio, -onis, f. sally, attack.
ex-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, intr. go out.
ex-erceo (2), tr. practise.
exercitatio, -onis, f. practice.
exercitus, -us, m. army.
ex-haurio, -si, -stum (4), tr. empty out, remove.
ex-igo, -egi, -actum (3), tr. drive out, finish.
exilium, -i, n. exile, banishment.
eximius, -a, -um, extraordinary, signal.
ex-istimo (1), tr. judge, suppose, think.
exitiosus, -a, -um, destruction, deadly.
exitium, -i, n. ruin, overthrow.
exitus, -us, m. end.
ex-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive out.
ex-pono, -posui, -positum (3), tr. set forth, explain.
ex-promo, -mpsi, -mptum (3), tr. show forth, display, expend.
ex-sisto, -stiti, -stitum (3), intr. appear, am manifest, exist.
ex-solvo, -solvi, -solutum (3), tr. free, release.
exspectatio, -onis, f. expectation, anticipation.
ex-specto (1), tr. await, wait for, expect.
ex-stinguo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. quench, put out.
exsul or exul, -ulis, m. exile.
ex-sulto (1), intr. leap about, exult, revel.
ex-termino (1), tr. banish.
externus, -a, -um, foreign.
exterus, -a, -um, foreign.
ex-torqueo, -si, -tum (2), tr. wrest away, force away.
extra, prep. c. acc. outside.
extremus, -a, -um, last;
ad extremum, at last.
F
facile, adv. easily.
facinorosus, -a, -um, criminal, vicious.
facinus, -oris, n. deed, crime, outrage.
facio, feci, factum (3), tr. do, make, bring about, perform; hold (games).
factum, -i, n. deed, act.
facultas, -atis, f. opportunity.
falcarius, -i, m. scythe-maker.
fallo, fefelli, falsum (3), tr. deceive, disappoint, escape notice of.
falsus, -a, -um, false, misdirected.
fama, -ae, f. report, reputation, fame, character.
fames, -is f. hunger.
familia, -ae or -as f. household (of slaves), establishment;
pater or mater familias, master or mistress of a house.
familiarissime, adv. most intimately, on most intimate terms.
fanum, -i, n. sanctuary.
fascis, -is, m. bundle;
plur. fasces, the bundles of rods enclosing an axe, carried before the highest magistrates.
fatalis, -e, destined, fated.
fateor, fassus sum (2), tr. or intr. admit, allow.
fatum, -i, n. fate, oracle.
fauces, -ium, f. plur. throat, jaws, entrance.
fax, facis, f. torch, firebrand; meteor.
febris, -ia, f. fever.
fero, tuli, latum, ferre, tr. lead, carry, get, bear; report, celebrate;
sententiam fero, vote.
ferramentum, -i, n. steel implement.
ferreus, -a, -um, of iron; of iron nature.
ferrum, -i, n. iron, sword.
fidelis, -e, faithful, loyal.
fides, -ei, belief, faith, credit; honesty; assurance, engagement.
figo, -xi, -xum (3), tr. fix.
filia, -ae, f. daughter.
filius, -i, m. son.
fingo, -nxi, -ctum (3), tr. imagine, devise.
finis, -is, m. end, limit;
plur. territory.
fio, factus sum, fieri, intr. happen, become, am done, am made.
firmo (1), tr. strengthen.
firmus, -a, -um, strong.
flagitiosissime, adv. most shamefully, most infamously.
flagitiosus, -a, -um, infamous, dissolute.
flagitium, -i, n. shameful deed.
flagito, (1) tr. demand earnestly, importune for.
flamma, -ae, f. flame.
flecto, flexi, flexum (3), tr. bend, turn aside.
floreo, -ui, —— (2), intr. flourish, am prosperous, am powerful.
flos, -oris, m. flower.
focus, -i, m. hearth.
foedus, -eris, n. treaty, compact.
foedus, -a, -um, hideous, shameful.
foras, adv. out of doors (with verbs of motion).
foris, adv. out of doors (with verbs of rest).
formido, -inis, f. fear, dread.
fors, -rtis, f. chance;
forte, by chance.
fortasse, adv. perhaps.
fortis, -e, brave, strong.
fortiter, adv. bravely.
fortitudo, -inis, f. courage, firmness.
fortuna, -ae, f. fortune;
plur. property, possessions, estates.
fortunatus, -a, -um, fortunate, happy.
forum, -i, n. market, meeting-place for business; especially the Forum Romanum.
frango, fregi, fractum (3), tr. break.
fraudatio, -onis, f. deceit, fraud.
frequens, -ntis, crowded, in great numbers.
frequentia, -ae, f. numerous assembly, crowd, throng.
frequento (1), tr. bring in crowds.
fretus, -a, -um, relying on.
frigus, -oris, n. cold.
frons, -ntis, f. brow, forehead.
fructus, -us, m. enjoyment, produce.
fruor, fructus sum, intr. c. abl. enjoy.
fuga, -ae, f. banishment.
fugio, fugi, fugitum (3), intr. flee, take flight.
fugitivus, -i, m. runaway slave.
fulgeo, -si, —— (2), intr. shine, am bright.
fulmen, -inis, n. lightning, thunderbolt.
fundamentum, -i, n. foundation.
fundo (1), tr. found.
funestus, -a, -um, deadly, fatal.
fungor, functus sum (3), intr. c. abl. perform.
furiosus, -a, -um, mad.
furo, -ui, —— (3), intr. am mad.
furor, -oris, m. madness.
furtim, adv. stealthily.
furtum, -i, n. theft.
G
ganeo, -onis, m. glutton, debauchee.
gaudium, -i, n. delight.
gelidus, -a, -um, cold.
gener, -eri, m. son-in-law.
gens, -ntis, f. clan, race, people.
genus, -eris, n. class, kind.
gero, gessi, gestum (3), tr. bear, carry on, administer;
res gestae, exploits.
gladiator, -oris, m. gladiator.
gladiatorius, -a, -um, of gladiators.
gladius, -i, m. sword.
gloria, -ae, f. glory, fame.
gradus, -us, m. step, degree.
gratia, -ae, f. favour, thanks, gratitude;
gratias ago, give thanks, pass a vote of thanks;
refero gratiam, show gratitude;
gratiam habeo, feel gratitude.
gratulatio, -onis, f. congratulation.
gratus, -a, -um, pleasing, welcome.
gravis, -e, heavy, weighty, authentic, severe.
graviter, adv. violently.
grex, gregis, m. flock, band.
gubernatio, -onis, f. steering, direction.
H
habeo (2), tr. have, hold, assemble, set on foot, render;
pass. am considered.
habito (1), intr. live.
haereo, -si, -sum (2), intr. cleave, cling, am fixed.
haesito (1), intr. am in doubt, am at a loss.
haruspex, -icis, m. soothsayer, diviner (who foretold future events by the inspection of the entrails of victims).
hebesco, ——, —— (3), intr. grow dull.
hercule or me hercule, interj. by Hercules.
hesternus, -a, -um, of yesterday.
hic, haec, hoc, this.
hic, adv. here, thereupon, then.
hice, haece, hoce, strengthened form of hic.
hiems, -emis, f. winter.
hinc, adv. hence, for this reason;
hinc . . . illinc, on this side ... on that.
hodiernus, -a, -um, of to-day, present.
homo, -inis, c. human being, man.
honestas, -atis, f. honour, high character.
honeste, adv. honourably.
honesto (1), tr. honour, grace.
honestus, -a, -um, honourable.
honor, -oris, m. honour, sacrifice, office.
hora, -ae, f. hour.
horribilis, -e, terrible, dreadful.
hortor (1), tr. urge, advise.
hospitium, -i, n. mutual friendship.
hostis, -is, c. enemy.
huc, adv. hither, to this point.
humanitas, -atis, f. kindly feeling.
humanus, -a, -um, human.
humus, -i, f. ground;
locat. humi, on the ground.
I
iaceo (2), intr. lie, lie helpless.
iacio, ieci, iactum (3), tr. cast, utter, bruit about.
iacto (1), tr. toss, hurl, vaunt;
with reflex, pron. speak boastfully, make boast.
iactus, -us, m. hurling, casting.
iam, adv. just now, already, by this time;
iam dudum, long since.
idcirco, adv. for that reason.
idem, eadem, idem, same.
igitur, conj. therefore, accordingly.
ignavia, -ae, f. cowardice.
ignis, -is, m. fire.
ignominia, -ae, f. infamy, disgrace.
ignoro (1),

tr. or intr. am ignorant of, am ignorant.
ignotus, -a, -um, unknown.
ille, -a, -ud, that; he, she, it.
imago, -inis, f. image, likeness.
imberbis, -e, beardless.
immanis, -e, monstrous.
immanitas, -atis, f. enormity, heinousness.
immaturus, -a, -um, untimely, premature.
immineo, ——, —— (2), intr. hang over, threaten.
immo, adv. on the contrary, nay.
immortalis, -e, immortal.
impedio (4), tr. hinder, prevent.
im-pello, -puli, -pulsum (3), tr. drive on, incite.
im-pendeo, ——, —— (2), intr. c. dat. hang over, threaten.
imperator, -oris, m. commander, general.
imperitus, -a, -um, inexperienced, ignorant.
imperium, -i, n. command, sovereignty, dominion; military power, command in chief.
impero (1), tr. or intr. c. dat. order, enjoin, command.
im-pertior (4), tr. bestow.
impetro (1), tr. get, obtain (by request).
impetus, -us, m. assault, attack.
impius, -a, -um, impious, wicked.
im-ploro (1), tr. entreat, supplicate.
importunus, -a, -um, unsuitable, unnatural, dangerous.
improbitas, -atis, f. wickedness, depravity, recklessness.
improbus, -a, -um, persistent, violent, reckless.
impubes, -eris or -is, youthful.
impudens, -ntis, shameless.
impudenter, adv. shamelessly, with assurance.
impudentia, -ae, f. shamelessness, assurance.
impudicus, -a, -um, shameless, immodest.
impunitus, -a, -um, unpunished.
impurus, -a, -um, unclean.
in, prep. c. acc. into, to, against, for;
c. abl. in, on.
inanis, -e, empty.
in-auro (1), tr. gild.
incendium, -i, n. fire, conflagration, burning.
in-cendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. set on fire, burn.
incensio, -onis, f. burning.
incertus, -a, -um, uncertain.
in-cido, -di, -sum (3), tr. cut.
in-cido, -cidi, -casum (3), intr. fall.
in-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. or intr. begin.
in-clino (1), tr. or intr. bend, incline; am disposed.
in-cludo, -si, -sum (3), tr. shut in, lock up, confine.
incolumis, -e, safe, uninjured, still alive.
incredibilis, -e, incredible.
in-crepo, -ui, -itum (1), intr. sound, make a noise, am noised abroad.
in-cumbo, -cubui, -cubitum (3), intr. c. dat. lean on, press on;
incumbo ad, devote myself to, exert myself for.
indemnatus, -a, -um, uncondemned.
index, -icis, c. informer.
indicium, -i, n. information, proof.
in-dico (1), tr. declare, disclose, reveal, betray.
in-dico, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. proclaim, make (war).
in-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring in, introduce, persuade;
animum induco, resolve, determine.
industria, -ae, f. activity, energy.
in-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, tr. enter on, adopt.
iners, -rtis, inactive, indolent.
inertia, -ae, f. inactivity, remissness.
infamis, -e, disreputable.
inferi, -orum, m. plur. the dead.
in-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. put on, lay on, set, inflict.
infestus, -a, -um, dangerous, hostile, deadly.
infimus, -a, -um, lowest, meanest.
infinitus, -a, -um, without limit, boundless, interminable.
infirmus, -a, -um, powerless.
infitiator, -oris, m. defaulter.
infitior (1), tr. or intr. deny.
in-flammo (1), tr. set on fire, inflame.
ingenium, -i, n. nature, ability.
ingens, -ntis, huge, vast.
ingenuus, -a, -um, free-born.
in-gravesco, ——, —— (3), intr. grow heavier, become worse.
in-gredior, -gressus sum (3), tr. or intr. enter, enter upon, go on to, engage in.
in-hio (1), intr. c. dat. open the mouth for.
inhumanus, -a, -um, savage, unfeeling.
in-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. throw on, cause, occasion.
inimicitia, -ae, f. enmity.
inimicus, -a, -um, unfriendly, hostile;
inimicus, -i, m. enemy.
iniquitas, -atis, f. unfairness, injustice.
iniquus, -a, -um, unfair, unjust.
initio (1), tr. consecrate.
iniuria, -ae, f. outrage, wrong;
iniuria, undeservedly.
iniussu (only in abl. sing.), m. without the command.
inlecebra, -ae, f. attraction, allurement.
inlustris, -e, distinguished, famous.
in-lustro (1), tr. illuminate, make clear.
in-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. send in.
innocens, -ntis, guiltless.
inopia, -ae, f. want.
inquam, inquis, inquit, defect. intr. say.
in-retio (4), tr. ensnare, entrap.
in-scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. write on.
insepultus, -a, -um, unburied.
insidiae, -arum, f. plur. ambuscade, plot.
insidiator, -oris, m. plotter;
with viae, waylayer.
insidior (1), intr. c. dat. lie in wait for, plot against.
insidiosus, -a, -um, treacherous.
insigne, -is, n. mark, badge.
in-simulo (1), tr. charge, allege.
insolentius, adv. more immoderately, more haughtily.
insperatus, -a, -um, unhoped for.
in-stituo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. undertake, begin.
in-sto, -stiti, -statum (1), intr. press on, threaten.
instrumentum, -i, n. instrument, means of trade.
in-struo, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. draw up, array.
integer, -gra, -grum, untouched, unharmed, unbroken.
intel-lego or -ligo, -exi, -ectum (3), tr. learn, understand, know.
in-tendo, -di, -tum or -sum (3), tr. or intr. stretch out; purpose, endeavour.
inter, prep. c. acc. between, among, amid;
inter se, each other.
inter-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. intervene.
interea, adv. meanwhile.
inter-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, intr. perish, am ruined.
inter-ficio, -feci, -fectum (3), tr. kill, slay.
interim, adv. meanwhile.
inter-imo, -emi, -emptum (3), tr. kill, slay.
interitus, -us, m. death, ruin, destruction, annihilation.
inter-necio, -onis, f. massacre, annihilation.
inter-rogo (1), tr. ask.
inter-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. am between, differ;
impers. interest, it interests, it concerns (with mea, tua &c.),
interventus, -us, m. coming between, intervention.
intestinus, -a, -um, internal.
intimus, -a, -um, inmost, most secret;
intimus, -i, m. intimate friend.
intra, prep. c. acc. within.
intro-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. bring in, introduce.
in-tueor (2), tr. look at.
intus, adv. inside.
in-uro, -ussi, -ustum (3), tr. burn into.
in-venio, -veni, -ventum (4), tr. find, discover.
in-vestigo (1), tr. track out, search out.
in-veterasco, -avi, —— (3), intr. grow old, am established, am fixed.
invictus, -a, -um, unconquered.
invidia, -ae, f. unpopularity.
invidiosus, -a, -um, odious, unpopular.
invidus, -a, -um, envious.
invito (1), tr. invite, summon.
invitus, -a, -um, unwilling.
ipse, -a, -um, oneself, self, very, in person.
is, ea, id, that, those, such; he, she, it, they.
iste, -a, -ud, that of yours, that; he, she, it (used especially of any one or anything connected with the person addressed).
ita, adv. so, in such a way.
itaque, conj. and so, accordingly.
item, adv. in like manner.
iter, itineris, n. going, journey, route.
iterum, adv. a second time.
iubeo, iussi, iussum (2), tr. order.
iucundus, -a, -um, pleasant.
iudicium, -i, n. judgement, legal decision, sentence.
iudico (1), tr. or intr. judge, decide.
iugulum, -i, n. throat.
ius, iuris, n. law, right;
iure, rightly;
ius iurandum, oath.
iussu (only in abl. sing.), m. order, command.
iustus, -a, -um, just, righteous.
iuventus, -utis, f. body of youth, youth.
L
labefacto (1), tr. shake, give a shock to, undermine, ruin.
labor, -oris, m. toil.
laboro (1), intr. work, exert myself.
lacesso, -ivi, -itum (3), tr. harass, attack.
lacrima, -ae, f. tear.
lacto (1), intr. suck milk.
laedo, -si, -sum (3), tr. hurt, injure.
laetitia,-ae, f. joy, pleasure.
laetor (1), intr. rejoice.
lamentatio, -onis, f. mourning, wailing.
lamentor (1), tr. or intr. mourn, bewail.
languidus, -a, -um, dull, listless.
largitio, -onis, f. largess, bribery.
largitor, -oris, m. briber.
late, adv. widely.
lateo, -ui, —— (2), intr. lie hid, am hidden.
lator, -oris, m. mover, proposer.
latro, -onis, m. brigand.
latrocinium, -i, n. robbery, brigandage, band of brigands.
latrocinor (1), intr. am a robber, am a bandit.
latus, -eris, n. side.
laudo (1), tr. praise.
laus, laudis, f. praise, honour, glory, distinction.
lectica, -ae, f. litter.
lectulus, -i, m. small couch, bed.
lectus, -i, m. couch, bed.
legatus, -i, m. ambassador.
legio, -onis, f. legion.
lego, legi, lectum (3), tr. choose, read;
lectus, -a, -um, excellent.
lenio (4), tr. soften, assuage.
lenis, -e, gentle, merciful.
lenitas, -atis, f. mercy, clemency.
leno, -onis, m. pander, creature.
lentus, -a, -um, slow, sluggish.
lepidus, -a, -um, charming, witty.
levis, -e, light, frivolous.
levissime, adv. very lightly, in the mildest manner.
levitas, -atis, f. frivolity.
levo (1), tr. lighten, lessen.
lex, legis, f. law, rule, condition.
liber, -era, -erum, free;
liberi, -orum, m. plur. children (in relation to their parents).
libero (1), tr. free, relieve.
libertas, -atis, f. freedom, liberty.
libertinus, -i, m. freedman.
libido, -inis, f. passion, lust.
licet, licuit or licitum est, impers. (2), intr. c. dat. it is allowed, one may.
lingua, -ae, f. tongue.
linum, -i, n. flax, thread.
liquefacio, -feci, -factum (3), tr. melt.
littera, -ae, f. letter (of the alphabet);
plur. letter, dispatch, literature.
loco (1), tr. place, contract for.
locuples, -etis, rich.
locus, -i, m. place, position, room.
longe, adv. far.
longinquus, -a, -um, distant.
longus, -a, -um, long, tedious.
loquor, locutus sum (3), tr. or intr. speak, say.
lubenter, adv. gladly.
lubet, lubuit or lubitum est, impers. (2), intr. c. dat. it pleases.
luctus, -us, m. mourning.
ludus, -i, m. play, school;
plur. public games.
lugeo, luxi, —— (2) tr. or intr. mourn, lament.
lumen, -inis, n. light.
lupinus, -a, -um, of a wolf.
lux, lucis, f. light, day.
luxuria, -ae, f. extravagance, excess.
M
machinator, -oris, m. contriver.
machinor (1), tr. contrive, design.
macto (1), tr. sacrifice, punish.
maeror, -oris, m. grief.
magis, adv. more.
magistratus, -us, m. office, magistrate.
magnifice, adv. splendidly, gloriously.
magnitudo, -inis, f. greatness, size, extent.
magnus, -a, -um, great;
magno opere, greatly.
maior, -us, greater, larger, older;
maiores, -um, m. plur. ancestors.
male, adv. badly;
with adj. not.
maleficium, -i, n. wickedness, offence.
malleolus, -i, m. mallet, fire-dart.
malo, malui, malle, tr. or intr. prefer.
malus, -a, -um, bad;
malum, -i, n. evil.
mandatum, -i, n. charge, order.
mando (1), tr. entrust, commit.
mane, indecl. n. morning.
maneo, -si, -sum (2), intr. remain.
manicatus, -a, -um, having long sleeves.
manifestus, -a, -um, clear, evident;
adv. manifesto, clearly.
mano (1), intr. flow, get abroad.
manus, -us, f. hand, handwriting; company, band.
mare, -is, n. sea.
maritus, -i, m. husband.
mature, adv. early;
compar. maturius.
maturitas, -atis, f. ripeness.
maturo (1), tr. hasten, dispatch.
maxime, adv. especially.
maximus, -a, -um, greatest, very great, chief.
medicina, -ae, f. remedy.
mediocris, -e, ordinary, tolerable.
mediocriter, adv. trivially, not seriously.
meditor (1), tr. purpose, intend;
perf. partic. also pass. in sense, practised.
medius, -a, -um, mid, middle.
melior, -us, better.
memini, defect. (3), tr. or intr. c. gen. remember.
memor, -oris, mindful.
memoria, -ae, f. memory.
mendicitas, -atis, f. beggary.
mens, -ntis, f. mind, thought, intention, understanding, disposition.
mereor (2), tr. or intr. deserve.
meritum, -i, n. desert, service, favour;
merito, deservedly.
metuo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. fear.
metus, -us, m. fear.
meus, -a, -um, my.
miles, -itis, m. soldier.
militaris, -e, belonging to a soldier, military.
minae, -arum, f. plur. threats.
minime, adv. very little, least.
minimus, -a, -um, very little, least.
minitor (1), intr. c. dat. threaten.
minor, -us, smaller, less;
adv. minus, less, not.
minuo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. lessen, reduce.
misceo, miscui, mixtum (2), tr. mix, mingle, embroil.
miser, -era, -erum, wretched, pitiable.
miseria, -ae, f. misfortune, affliction.
misericordia, -ae, f. pity.
misericors, -rdis, tenderhearted, pitiful.
miseror (1), tr. pity.
mitis, -e, mild, gentle.
mitto, misi, missum (3), tr. send.
modo, adv. just now, lately, only.
modus, -i, m. limit, kind, manner.
moenia, -ium, n. plur. walls (of a town).
moles, -is, f. mass, weight.
moleste, adv. with trouble;
moleste fero, take it ill, am vexed at.
molior (4), tr. set in motion, attempt, design.
mollis, -e, soft, mild.
moneo (2), tr. warn, advise.
monimentum, -i, n. memorial.
monstrum, -i, n. evil omen, portent, monster.
mora, -ae, f. delay.
morbus, -i, m. disease.
morior, mortuus sum (3), intr. die;
mortuus, -a, -um, dead.
mors, -rtis, f. death.
mos, moris, m. custom, habit.
motus, -us, m. movement, disturbance, trouble;
terrae motus, earthquake.
moveo, movi, motum (2), tr. move, affect, alarm.
mucro, -onis, m. point, edge, sword.
mulier, -eris, f. woman.
muliercula, -ae, f. little woman.
multitudo, -inis, f. multitude, numbers.
multo (1), tr. punish.
multus, -a, -um, much, many;
adv. multo, by much.
municeps, -cipis, c. citizen of a municipium, burgess.
municipium, -i, n. free town.
munio (4), tr. fortify, defend;
munitissimus, -a, -um, strongly fortified.
murus, -i, m. wall.
muto (1), tr. change.
mutus, -a, -um, silent.
N
nam, conj. for.
nanciscor, nanctus or nactus sum (3), tr. get, obtain.
nascor, natus sum (3), intr. am born, begin, grow.
natio, -onis, f. tribe, people.
natura, -ae, f. nature.
naufragus, -i, m. shipwrecked man, castaway.
-ne, interrog. particle.
ne, conj. that ... not, lest;
adv. not;
ne . . . quidem, not either, not even.
ne, interj. really, indeed.
nec, see neque.
necessario, adv. necessarily.
necessarius, -i, m. kinsman, connexion.
necesse, indecl. adj. inevitable, necessary.
necessitas, -atis, f. necessity.
necne, conj. or not.
neco (1), tr. kill, murder.
nefandus, -a, -um, abominable, execrable.
nefarie, adv. impiously.
nefarius, -a, -um, impious, wicked.
neglego (nec-lego), -xi, -ctum (3), tr. neglect, despise.
nego (1), tr. or intr. deny.
negotium, -i, n. business, trouble.
nemo, nullius, m. no one;
non nemo, some one.
nepos, -otis, m. grandson, prodigal, spendthrift.
neque or nec, conj. and not, nor;
neque . . . neque, neither ... nor.
nequior, -us (compar. of nequam), more unprincipled, more worthless.
nequitia, -ae, f. want of principle, remissness, negligence.
ne-scio (4), tr. or intr. do not know, am ignorant;
nescio qui, some.
nex, necis, f. violent death, murder.
nihil, indecl. n. nothing;
adv. in nothing, not at all;
nihildum, nothing yet.
nimis, adv. too much, too.
nimius, -a, -um, too much, too great;
adv. nimium, too much, too.
nisi, adv. or conj. except, unless.
niteo, ——, —— (2), intr. glitter, glisten.
nitidus, -a, -um, shining, glossy.
nix, nivis, f. snow.
nobilis, -e, famous, high-born.
noceo (2), intr. c. dat. hurt, do harm to;
nocens, -ntis, m. criminal.
nocturnus, -a, -um, nightly, by night, night.
nolo, nolui, nolle, tr. or intr. do not wish, am unwilling.
nomen, -inis, n. name.
nominatim, adv. by name.
nomino (1), name, call.
non, adv. not.
nondum, adv. not yet.
nonnullus, -a, -um, some.
nonnumquam, adv. sometimes.
nosco, novi, notum (3), tr. learn;
novi, know.
noster, -tra, -trum, our.
nota, -ae, f. mark, brand.
noto (1), tr. mark.
notus, -a, -um, known.
novem, indecl. adj. nine.
novus, -a, -um, new;
res novae, revolution.
nox, noctis, f. night.
nudius tertius, adv. the day before yesterday.
nudus, -a, -um, bare, naked.
nullus, -a, -um, no, none.
num, interrog. particle.
numen, -inis, n. divinity, divine power.
numerus, -i, m. number.
numquam, adv. never.
nunc, adv. now.
nuper, adv. lately.
nuptiae, -arum, f. plur. marriage.
nutus, -us, m. nod, will.
O
O! interj. oh!
ob, prep. c. acc. on account of.
ob-eo, -ii, -itum,-ire, tr. come to, visit, attend to, execute, accomplish.
ob-fero, -tuli,

-latum, -ferre, tr. present, offer.
ob-ligo (1), tr. bind, lay under an obligation, render liable,
mortgage.
ob-lino, -levi, -litum (3), tr. besmear, overload;
oblitus, -a, -um, reeking.
obliviscor, -litus sum (3), tr. or intr. c. gen. forget.
obscure, adv. darkly, obscurely.
obscuro (1), tr. hide, cover.
obscurus, -a, -um, dark, secret.
obses, -idis, c. hostage.
ob-sideo, -sedi, -sessum (2), tr. besiege, blockade, beset, am on the look out for.
obsidio, -onis, f. blockade.
ob-sisto, -stiti, -stitum (3), intr. c. dat. hinder, oppose.
ob-stipesco, -pui, —— (3), intr. am astounded, am stupefied.
ob-sto, -stiti, -statum (1), intr. c. dat. hinder, oppose.
ob-stupefacio, -feci, -factum (3), tr. astound, arouse.
ob-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. c. dat. injure.
ob-tempero (1), intr. c. dat. obey.
ob-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. hold, assert, maintain.
ob-tingo, -tigi, —— (3), intr. happen, befall.
occasus, -us, m. fall.
occidens, -ntis, m. west.
oc-cido, -di, -sum (3), tr. kill, slay, murder.
oc-cludo, -si, -sum (3), shut.
oc-culo, -ui, -tum (3), tr. hide.
occulte, adv. secretly.
oc-cupo (1), tr. seize, take possession of.
oc-curro, -curri, -cursum (3), intr. c. dat. meet, engage in.
oculus, -i, m. eye.
odi, defect. (3), tr. hate.
odium, -i, n. hatred.
of-fendo, -di, -sum (3), tr. strike against, light upon, displease, offend.
officium, -i, n. duty.
omen, -inis, n. omen, token.
omitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. pass over, leave unmentioned.
omnis, -e, all.
opera, -ae, f. aid, service, employment;
operae pretium, worth while.
opinio, -onis, f. expectation, belief.
opinor (1), intr. think.
oportet, -uit, impers. (2), it is necessary;
c. acc. one ought, one must.
op-peto, -ivi,-itum (3), tr. encounter.
op-pono, -posui, -positum (3), tr. oppose.
op-primo, -pressi, -pressum (3), tr. put down, crush, baffle.
*ops, opis, f. power, aid;
plur. power, resources, wealth.
optimates, -ium, m. plur. best men, good citizens.
optimus, -a, -um, best.
opto (1), tr. desire, pray for.
opus, -eris, n. work;
opus est, there is need, it is necessary;
magno opere, greatly.
oratio, -onis, f. speech, discourse, harangue.
orbis, -is, m. circle;
orbis terrae or terrarum, the circle of the earth, the world.
ordo, -inis, m. order, rank, class, body.
oriens, -ntis, m. east.
ornamentum, -i, n. equipment, decoration.
orno (1), tr. equip, furnish, embellish, honour.
oro (1), tr. beg, pray, ask.
ortus, -us, m. rising.
os, oris, n. mouth, face.
ostendo, -di, -sum or -tum (3), tr. show, display.
ostento (1), tr. exhibit, display.
otiosus, -a, -um, unemployed, tranquil;
otiosus, -i, m. private person, civilian.
otium, -i, n. leisure, quiet, tranquillity.
P
paciscor, pactus sum (3), tr. agree upon, covenant;
perf. partic. also with passive meaning.
paco (1), tr. make peaceful, subdue.
pactum, -i, n. agreement, terms, manner.
paene, adv. nearly, almost.
paenitet, -uit, impers. (2), tr. it repents.
palam, adv. openly, plainly.
par, paris, equal, like.
parco, peperci, parsum (3), intr. c. dat. spare.
parens, -ntis, c. parent.
pareo (2), intr. c. dat. obey.
paries, -etis, m. wall (of a house).
pario, peperi, partum (3), tr. bring forth, produce, gain.
paro (1), tr. prepare, collect, raise;
paratus, -a, -um, ready.
parricida, -ae, c. murderer, traitor.
parricidium, -i, n. murder, treason.
pars, -rtis, f. part, division, direction, side; political party, faction.
particeps, -cipis, sharing in (gen.);
as noun, partner.
partim, adv. partly.
parum, adv. too little, not enough.
parvulus, -a, -um, very small.
parvus, -a, -um, small.
pastor, -oris, m. shepherd.
patefacio, -feci, -factum (3), tr. bring to light, expose, convict.
pateo, -ui, —— (2), intr. am open, am manifest.
pater, -tris, m. father.
patientia, -ae, f. endurance, patience, indulgence.
patior, passus sum (3), tr. or intr. suffer, allow.
patria, -ae, f. fatherland, country.
patricius, -a, -um, patrician;
patricius, -i, m. patrician (member of the Roman nobility).
patrimonium, -i, n. inheritance.
pauci, -ae, -a, few.
paulisper, adv. for a short time.
paulo, adv. a little.
paululum, -i, n. a very little.
pax, pacis, f. peace, tranquillity.
pecto, pexi, pexum (3), tr. comb.
pecunia, -ae, f. wealth, money.
pecus, -udis, f. beast.
pedester, -tris, -tre, of foot-soldiers, of infantry.
pello, pepuli, pulsum (3), tr. drive, expel.
penitus, adv. deeply, wholly.
per, prep. c. acc. through, by.
per-cello, -culi, -culsum (3), tr. beat down, smite.
per-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. listen to, attend to.
per-cutio, -cussi, -cussum (3), tr. strike.
per-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. lose, destroy;
perditus, -a, -um, desperate, abandoned, corrupt;
perditur, -i, m. scoundrel.
per-duco, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. lead, take.
per-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, intr. die, perish.
per-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. endure, tolerate.
per-ficio, -feci, -fectum (3), tr. carry out, manage.
per-fringo, -fregi, -fractum (3), tr. break through, shatter.
per-fruor, -fructus sum (3), intr. c. abl. enjoy fully.
per-fugium, -i, n. refuge.
pergo, perrexi, perrectum (3), intr. proceed, go on.
per-horresco, -rui, —— (3), intr. shudder, tremble;
tr. have a horror of.
periclitor (1), tr. or intr. make trial of, endanger; am endangered.
periculosus, -a, -um, dangerous.
periculum, -i, n. danger.
permagnus, -a, -um, very large.
per-maneo, -si, -sum (2), intr. stay to the end, continue, persist.
per-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. entrust.
permodestus, -a, -um, bashful, obedient.
per-moveo, -movi, -motum (2), tr. interest, alarm.
permultus, -a, -um, very much; plur. very many.
pernicies, -ei, f. destruction.
perniciosus, -a, -um, destructive, mischievous, deadly.
perpetuus, -a, -um, continuous, constant, lasting;
in perpetuum (sc. tempus), permanently.
persaepe, adv. very often.
per-scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. write out in full.
per-sequor, -secutus sum (3), tr. pursue, attack.
per-spicio, -spexi, -spectum (3), tr. see clearly.
per-terreo (2), tr. frighten, scare.
per-timesco, -timui, —— (3), tr. or intr. fear.
per-tineo, -ui, —— (2), intr. reach, belong, concern.
per-turbo (1), tr. trouble, disturb, agitate.
per-venio, -veni, -ventum (4), intr. come, arrive.
pestis, -is, f. plague, scourge, destruction.
petitio, -onis, f. blow, thrust.
peto, -ivi, -itum (3), tr. attack, assault; demand, beg.
petulantia, -ae, f. wantonness, impudence.
pietas, -atis, f. dutifulness, goodness.
placeo (2), intr. c. dat. please;
placet, impers. it seems right, it is determined.
placo (1), tr. reconcile, appease.
plane, adv. clearly, completely.
plenus, -a, -um, full.
plurimus, -a, -um, very many, most.
plus, adv. more.
poena, -ae, f. penalty, punishment.
polliceor (2), tr. or intr. promise, undertake.
pono, posui, positum (3), tr. put, place, pitch, assign.
pons, -ntis, m. bridge.
pontifex, -icis, m. high-priest, pontiff.
popina, -ae, f. eating-house, tavern.
popularis, -e, popular, friendly to the people.
populus, -i, m. people.
porta, -ae, f. gate.
possessio, -onis, f. holding, possession, property, estate.
possum, potui, posse, intr. am able, can.
post, prep. c. acc. after, since;
adv. afterwards.
postea, adv. afterwards, later.
posteritas, -atis, f. future time, posterity.
posterus, -a, -um, future;
posteri, -orum, m. plur. descendants, posterity;
in posterum, for the future, in future.
posthac, adv. after this, for the future.
postremus, -a, -um, last;
adv. postremo, lastly.
postulo (1), tr. ask, demand.
potens, -ntis, powerful.
potestas, -atis, f. power, authority;
potestatem facio, give opportunity, give leave.
potior (4), intr. c. gen. or abl. get, gain.
potius, adv. rather.
prae, prep. c. abl. before, in comparison with.
praebeo (2), tr. offer, render, show.
praeceps, -cipitis, headstrong.
prae-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. enjoin, give as a warning.
pracipue, adv. especially.
praeclarus, -a, -um, famous, remarkable, signal, noble.
prae-curro, -cucurri, -cursum (3), intr. c. dat. run before, outrun, surpass.
praedator, -oris, m. robber.
prae-dico (1), tr. declare, extol.
prae-dico, -xi, -ctum (3), tr. state beforehand, premise, proclaim.
praedium, -i, n. farm.
praefectura, -ae, f. prefecture (an Italian city governed by a Roman magistrate).
prae-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. hold forth, offer.
prae-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. send in advance.
praemium, -i, n. reward.
prae-scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. acc. and dat. order, appoint.
praesens, -ntis, present, opportune.
praesentia, -ae, f. presence.
praesertim, adv. especially;
cum praesertim, especially since.
prae-sideo, -sedi, —— (2), intr. c. dat. guard, watch.
praesidium, -i, n. guard, protection, garrison, force.
praesto, adv. at hand.
prae-sto, -stiti, -stitum or -statum (1), tr. guarantee, carry out.
praestolor (1), intr. c. dat. wait for.
praeter, prep. c. acc. except, besides, contrary to.
praeterea, adv. besides.
praeter-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, tr. pass over, leave unmentioned.
praeter-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. pass over, omit.
praeterquam, adv. besides, except.
praetexta (sc. toga), -ae, f. gown edged with purple.
praetor, -oris, m. praetor (a magistrate charged with the administration of justice).
praetorius, -a, -um, belonging to a praetor or general, praetorian.
praetura, -ae, f. praetorship.
precor (1), tr. or intr. pray, pray to, beseech.
premo, pressi, pressum (3), tr. check, harass, crush, overwhelm.
pretium, -i, n. value, worth, pay.
pridem, adv. long ago, long since.
pridie, adv. on the day before.
primus, -a, -um, first;
adv. primum, primo, at first, firstly;
quam primum, as soon as possible.
princeps, -ipis, first, chief;
as noun, chief, chief man, leader.
principium, -i, n. beginning;
principio, at first, firstly.
prior, -us, former, earlier, previous.
pristinus, -a, -um, former, early.
privatus, -a, -um, private, personal;
privatus, -i, m. private citizen.
privo (1), rob, deprive.
pro, prep. c. abl. for, on behalf of, in accordance with, instead of, in return for.
probo (1), tr. approve, prove.
procella, -ae, f. storm.
procul, adv. far off.
procuratio, -onis, f. charge, office.
prodigium, -i, n. evil token, prodigy.
prodigus, -a, -um, lavish, extravagant;
prodigus, -i, m. spendthrift.
proelium, -i, n. battle.
profectio, -onis, f. departure.
profecto, adv. assuredly.
pro-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. bring forth, bring forward, issue.
pro-ficio, -feci, -fectum (3), tr. effect, accomplish.
pro-ficiscor, -fectus sum (3), intr. set out, start.
pro-fiteor, -fessus sum (3), tr. propose, offer.
pro-fligo (1), tr. overthrow.
pro-fugio, -fugi, —— (3), tr. or intr. flee from; flee, run away.
pro-fundo, -fudi, -fusum (3), tr. pour out, dissipate.
pro-gredior, -gressus sum (3), intr. go forward, advance.
pro-hibeo (2), tr. hinder, prevent.
pro-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. cast forth.
proinde, adv. in like manner, accordingly.
pro-lato (1), tr. put off, defer.
propago (1), tr. extend, prolong.
prope, adv. nearly, almost.
pro-pono, -posui, -positum (3), tr. set before, offer, determine.
proprius, -a, -um, peculiar to, characteristic of.
propter, prep. c. acc. on account of.
pro-pulso (1), tr. repel, avert.
proscriptio, -onis, f. proscription, confiscation.
pro-sequor, -secutus sum (3), tr. follow, attend.
pro-spicio, -exi, -ectum (3), tr. see beforehand, give attention to;
intr. c. dat. take measures for.
pro-sterno, -stravi, -stratum (3), tr. lay low.
pro-sum, profui, prodesse, intr. c. dat. benefit.
pro-videntia, -ae, f. foresight.
pro-video, -vidi, -visum (2), tr. foresee, prepare;
intr. make provision;
intr. c. dat. provide for, guard the interests of.
provincia, -ae, f. province.
provincialis, -e, belonging to a province, provincial.
proximus, -a, -um, nearest, next, last.
prudens, -ntis, wise.
prudentia, -ae, f. wisdom.
pruina, -ae, f. frost.
publicatio, -onis, f. confiscation.
publice, adv. publicly.
publico (1), tr. confiscate.
publicus, -a, -um, public;
res publica, state, public affairs, public interest.
pudicitia, -ae, f. chastity, virtue.
pudor, -oris, m. shame, modesty, decency.
puer, -eri, m. boy.
pugna, -ae, f. fight, battle.
pugno (1), intr. fight.
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful.
pulvinar, -aris, n. couch (for the images of the gods at a thanksgiving).
punctum, -i, n. point, instant.
punio (4), tr. punish.
purgo (1), tr. cleanse, purify.
purpura, -ae, f. purple.
purpuratus, -i, m. officer clothed in purple, vizier.
puto (1), tr. or intr. think.
Q
quaero, -sivi, -situm (3), tr. seek, ask.
quaesitor, -oris, m. investigator, inquisitor.
quaeso, quaesumus (3), defect. intr. beg, pray.
quaestio, -onis, f. investigation, commission, law-court.
quaestus, -us, m. gain.
qualis, -e, such as, as (after talis).
quam, adv. how, as, than;
tam . . . quam, so much ... as;
also used to strengthen superlatives;
quam diu, how long? as long as.
quamquam, conj. although.
quando, adv. at any time.
quantus, -a, -um, how great? as great as, as (after tantus).
quapropter, adv. for which reason.
quare, adv. wherefore.
quartus, -a, -um, fourth.
-que, conj. and.
quemadmodum, adv. how.
querimonia, -ae, f. complaint.
queror, questus sum (3), tr. or intr. regret, complain, bewail.
qui, quae, quod, rel. pron. who, which, that.
qui, quae, quod, interrog. adj. which? what?
quia, conj. because.
quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, whoever, whatever; every possible.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam, a certain, some.
quidem, adv. indeed.
quies, -etis, f. rest.
quiesco, -evi, -etum (3), intr. am quiet, do nothing.
quietus, -a, -um, peaceful, undisturbed.
quin, conj. or adv. with indic. why not? quin etiam, nay even;
with subj. but that, that.
quintus, -a, -um, fifth.
quis, quid, interrog. pron. who? what? adv. quid, why?
quis, quid, indef. pron. any one, anything;
quis, also adj. any.
quispiam, quaepiam, quodpiam or quidpiam, indef. pron. any one, anything, someone, something;
adj. any, some.
quisquam, quidquam, indef. pron. any one, anything;
quisquam, also adj. any.
quisque, quaeque, quodque, or (as pron.) quidque, each.
quisquis, quidquid, whoever, whatever.
quo, adv. whither (rel. or interrog.);
quo usque, how long?
quoad, adv. as long as.
quocumque, adv. in whatever direction.
quod, conj. because, that.
quodsi, conj. but if.
quondam, adv. in old time, formerly.
quoniam, conj. since.
quoque, conj. also, too.
quot, indecl. adj. how many.
quotiens, adv. how often.
quotienscumque, adv. how often soever.
R
rapina, -ae, f. plundering, plunder.
rapio, -ui, -tum (3), tr. snatch, hurry away.
ratio, -onis, f. consideration, reflection, reason, principle; method, way.
recens, -ntis, new, fresh.
re-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. take back, receive, admit; engage, promise.
re-cito (1), tr. read aloud.
re-co-gnosco, -gnovi, -gnitum (3), tr. call to mind, examine.
reconciliatio, -onis, f. renewal.
re-condo, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. stow away, hide.
recordor (1), tr. or intr. remember.
re-creo (1), tr. refresh, recover.
recta, adv. straight.
recte, adv. rightly, justly.
recusatio, -onis, f. refusal, objection.
re-cuso (1), tr. decline, reject.
red-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, intr. go back, return.
redimio (4), tr. wreathe.
red-undo (1), intr. overflow.
re-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. bring back, bring before.
regie, adv. royally, despotically.
regio, -onis, f. district.
regno (1), intr. reign, am king.
regnum, -i, n. royal authority, sovereignty.
re-levo (1), tr. lift up, relieve.
religio, -onis, f. scruple.
re-linquo, -liqui, -lictum (3), tr. leave behind, leave.
reliquus, -a, -um, that is left, remaining, rest of.
re-maneo, -mansi, —— (2), intr. stay behind.
remissio, -onis, f. relaxation, mildness.
re-mitto, -misi, -missum (3), tr. send back, slacken;
remissus, -a, -um, slack, lax.
re-moror (1), tr. hinder, delay.
re-moveo, B, -motum (2), tr. remove, set aside.
re-pello, reppuli, repulsum (3), tr. drive back, reject, bring about rejection of.
repente, adv. suddenly.
repentinus, -a, -um, sudden.
re-perio, repperi, repertum (4), tr. find, discover.
re-primo, -pressi, -pressum (3), tr. check, restrain.
repudio (1), tr. reject.
res, rei, f. fact, deed, matter, thing, interest, property;
plur. power, administration.
re-seco, -cui, -ctum (1), tr. cut away.
re-servo (1), tr. keep back, reserve.
re-sideo, -sedi, —— (2), intr. remain, am left.
re-sisto, -stiti, —— (3), intr. stop, stay behind;
intr. c. dat. resist, remain over to.
re-spondeo, -di, -sum (2), tr. or intr. c. dat. answer, give an answer to, prove a match for.
responsum, -i, n. answer.
re-stinguo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. put out, quench.
re-stituo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. put back, restore.

re-sto, -stiti, —— (1), intr. hold out, remain.
re-ticeo, -ui, —— (2), intr. keep silence, make no answer.
re-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. hold back, keep, preserve.
re-torqueo, -si, -tum (2), tr. turn back.
re-tundo, rettudi, retusum (3), tr. blunt, turn the edge of.
reus, -i, m. person accused, prisoner.
re-vertor, -versus sum or -verti (3), intr. turn back, return.
re-voco (1), tr. call back, recall.
rex, regis, m. king.
robur, -oris, n. strength.
robustus, -a, -um, strong, vigorous.
rogo (1), tr. ask, introduce, propose (a law).
ruina, -ae, f. downfall, ruin, disaster.
rumpo, rupi, ruptum (3), tr. break.
rusticus, -a, -um, rustic, rural.
S
sacer, -cra, -crum, sacred;
sacra, -orum, n. plur. rites, mysteries.
sacrarium, -i, n. shrine.
sacrosanctus, -a, -um, inviolable.
saeculum, -i, n. generation.
saepe, adv. often.
saepio, -psi, -ptum (4), tr. fence in, surround.
sagax, -acis, shrewd.
salto (1), intr. dance.
salus, -utis, f. safety, preservation.
saluto (1), tr. or intr. greet, wait upon, pay a call.
salvus, -a, -um, safe, preserved, solvent.
sancio, -nxi, -nctum (4), tr. or intr. ordain, forbid under penalty.
sanctus, -a, -um, sacred, holy, inviolable.
sane, adv. by all means.
sanguis, -inis, m. blood.
sano (1), tr. cure.
sanus, -a, -um, sound, healthy, wise.
sapiens, -ntis, wise.
satelles, -itis, c. attendant, servant.
satis, adv. enough, quite;
as noun, enough of;
satis facio (dat.), satisfy, do my duty to.
saucius, -a, -um, wounded.
scaena, -ae, f. stage.
scelerate, adv. wickedly.
sceleratus, -a, -um, impious, wicked;
sceleratus, -i, m. criminal, profligate.
scelus, -eris, n. crime.
scientia, -ae, f. knowledge.
scilicet, adv. evidently, to be sure.
scio (4), tr. or intr. know.
scortum, -i, n. harlot.
scriba, -ae, m. notary.
scribo, -psi, -ptum (3), tr. write.
se or sese, sui, himself, herself, &c.
se-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. go apart, withdraw.
se-cerno, -crevi, -cretum (3), tr. divide, separate, put on one side.
securis, -is, f. axe.
sed, conj., but.
sedes, -is, f. seat, abode, habitation.
seditio, -onis, f. disaffection, rebellion.
sedo (1), tr. quiet, settle, stop.
se-iungo, -nxi, -nctum (3), tr. separate.
sella, -ae, f. seat, chair.
semel, adv. once.
semen, -inis, n. seed.
seminarium, -i, n. nursery-garden, school.
semper, adv. always.
sempiternus, -a, -um, perpetual, everlasting.
senator, -oris, m. senator.
senatus, -us, m. senate.
senex, -is, m. old man.
sensus, -us, m. feeling, consciousness.
sententia, -ae, f. opinion, purpose, vote; meaning, purport.
sentina, -ae, f. refuse, dregs.
sentio, sensi, sensum, tr. or intr. feel, see, perceive.
sepelio, -elivi, -ultum (4), tr. bury.
sequor, secutus sum (3), tr. or intr. follow, adopt, obey.
serius, adv. later, too late.
sermo, -onis, m. talk, conversation, discourse.
serpo, -psi, -ptum (3), intr. creep.
sertum, -i, n. garland.
servio (4), intr. c. dat. serve, am a slave, do service to, indulge.
servitium, -i, n. slavery, body of slaves.
servitus, -utis, f. slavery.
servo (1), tr. keep, preserve.
servus, -i, m. slave.
severe, adv. sternly, severely.
severitas, -atis, f. strictness, sternness.
severus, -a, -um, stern, severe, strict.
sextus, -a, -um, sixth.
si, conj. if.
sic, adv. so, thus.
sica, -ae, f. dagger.
sicarius, -i, m. assassin.
sicut, adv. just as, as.
significatio, -onis, f. token, intimation.
signum, -i, n. standard, seal.
silentium, -i, n. silence.
sileo, -ui, —— (2), tr. or intr. am silent about, leave unmentioned; am silent.
silvestris, -e, woodland, rustic.
similis, -e, like.
simul, adv. at the same time;
simul atque (ac), conj. as soon as.
simulacrum, -i, n. image.
sin, conj. if however, but if.
sine, prep. c. abl. without.
singularis, -e, extraordinary, unprecedented.
singuli, -ae, -a, one each, each, single.
sino, sivi, situm (3), tr. or intr. allow, permit.
sinus, -us, m. bosom.
sitis, -is, f. thirst.
sive, conj. or if;
sive . . . sive, whether ... or, if ... but if.
sobrius, -a, -um, sober.
societas, -atis, f. association.
socius, -i, m. comrade, partner.
sodalis, -is, c. companion, associate.
sol, solis, m. the sun.
soleo, -itus sum (2), intr. am wont, am accustomed.
solitudo, -inis, f. loneliness, solitude.
sollicitatio, -onis, f. instigation, tampering.
sollicito (1), tr. disturb, seduce, tamper with.
sollicitus, -a, -um, anxious.
solum, -i, n. ground.
solus, -a, -um, alone, only;
adv. solum, only.
solvo, -vi, -utum (3), tr. loosen;
solutus, -a, -um, weak, lax.
somnus, -i, m. sleep.
sors, -rtis, f. lot.
spargo, -si, -sum (3), tr. scatter.
species, -ei, f. appearance.
speculor (1), tr. watch, observe.
spero (1), tr. or intr. hope.
spes, -ei, f. hope.
spiritus, -us, m. breath.
spolio (1), tr. rob, deprive.
sponte, abl. f. of free will, willingly.
stabilio (4), tr. make firm, establish.
statim, adv. immediately.
statua, -ae, f. statue.
statuo, -ui, -utum (3), tr. set up, establish, settle, determine.
status, -us, m. position, constitution.
stirps, -pis, f. root, stem.
sto, steti, statum (1), intr. stand.
studeo, -ui, —— (2), intr. c. dat. strive after, aim at, desire.
studiosus, -a, -um, eager for, having a fancy for.
studium, -i, n. aim, pursuit, desire; energy, enthusiasm.
stultus, -a, -um, foolish, dull.
stuprum, -i, n. debauchery.
suadeo, -si, -sum, intr. c. dat. urge, advise.
sub-eo, -ii, -itum, -ire, tr. undergo, suffer.
sub-icio, -ieci, -iectum (3), tr. lay under, lay near.
subiector, -oris, m. forger.
sub-igo, -egi, -actum (3), tr. subdue.
subito, adv. suddenly.
subsellium, -i, n. bench.
subsidium, -i, n. help, support, appliance.
suc-cedo, -cessi, -cessum (3), intr. c. dat. come next to, succeed.
suf-fero, sustuli, sublatum, sufferre, tr. undergo, bear.
sum, fui, esse, am.
summa, -ae, f. highest place.
summus, -a, -um, highest, greatest, most grave, most noble, most severe.
sumo, -mpsi, -mptum (3), tr. take up, assume; inflict.
sumptuosius, adv. more extravagantly.
sumptus, -us, m. expense, extravagance.
superior, -us, higher, earlier, previous, former.
supero (1), tr. overcome, overpower, surpass.
super-sum, -fui, -esse, intr. survive.
suppedito (1), tr. supply, furnish.
supplex, -icis, suppliant.
supplicatio, -onis, f. service of thanksgiving.
supplicium, -i, n. punishment, penalty, chastisement.
surgo, surrexi, surrectum (3), intr. rise.
sus-cipio, -cepi, -ceptum (3), tr. undertake, take upon me.
suspectus, -a, -um, suspected.
suspicio, -onis, f. suspicion.
suspicor (1), tr. or intr. suspect.
sus-tento (1), tr. uphold, support, bear.
sus-tineo, -tinui, -tentum (2), tr. bear, endure.
suus, -a, -um, his, her, its, their.
T
tabella, -ae, f. writing-tablet;
plur. letter.
taberna, -ae, f. shop.
tabesco, -bui, —— (3), intr. melt, pine, languish.
tabula, -ae, f. writing-tablet;
plur. account books;
tabulae novae, cancelling of debts.
taceo (2), intr. am silent, say nothing;
tr. say nothing of, conceal.
taciturnitas, -atis, f. silence.
tacitus, -a, -um, silent.
taeter, -tra, -trum, foul, hideous, abominable.
talaris, -e, reaching to the ankle.
talis, -e, such.
tam, adv. so;
tam . . . quam, so much ... as.
tamen, adv. nevertheless, yet.
tamquam, adv. just as, as if.
tandem, adv. at length, pray.
tango, tetigi, tactum (3), tr. touch, strike.
tantus, -a, -um, so great;
tantum, -i, n. so much;
tanti, of such value, worth while;
tanto, by so much.
tardissime, adv. very slowly, very late, latest.
tarditas, -atis, f. slowness.
tectum, -i, n. roof, house.
telum, -i, n. dart, shaft, weapon.
temere, adv. rashly, heedlessly, for nothing.
temeritas, -atis, f. rashness.
temperantia, -ae, f. self-restraint, temperance.
tempestas, -atis, f. storm.
templum, -i, n. consecrated ground, temple.
tempus, -oris, n. time.
tendo, tetendi, tensum or tentum (3), tr. stretch out.
tenebrae, -arum, f. plur. darkness.
teneo, -ui, —— (2), tr. hold, hold fast, confine;
pass. am in difficulty.
tento (1), tr. make an attempt on, attempt, attack, test, tempt.
tenuis, -e, thin, poor.
termino (1), tr. bound, limit.
terminus, -i, m. limit.
terra, -ae, f. earth, land, ground.
tertius, -a, -um, third.
testamentum, -i, n. will.
testis, -is, c. witness.
timeo, -ui, —— (2), tr. or intr. fear.
timidus, -a, -um, timid, fearful.
timor, -oris, m. fear.
toga, -ae, f. toga (gown of civil life), gown.
togatus, -a, -um, wearing the toga.
tolerabilis, -e, endurable, bearable.
tolero (1), tr. bear, endure.
tollo, sustuli, sublatum (3), tr. raise, remove.
tot, indecl. adj. so many.
totus, -a, -um, whole.
tracto (1), tr. handle, manage; me tracto, behave.
tra-do, -didi, -ditum (3), tr. hand over.
transcendo (trans-scendo), -di, -sum (3), tr. cross, pass.
trans-fero, -tuli, -latum, -ferre, tr. carry across, transfer.
trans-igo, -egi, -actum (3), tr. complete, dispatch.
tribunal, -alis, n. judgement-seat.
tribunus, -i, m. tribune;
tribunus pl. (i.e. plebis) tribune of the people, thus distinguished from e.g. a military tribune.
triduum, -i, n. three days' time.
triumpho (1), intr. triumph.
triumphus, -i, m. triumph.
trucido (1), tr. slaughter, butcher.
tu, tui, thou, you;
vosmet, you yourselves.
tuba, -ae, f. trumpet.
tueor (2), tr. gaze at; maintain, support.
tum, adv. then;
after deinde, thirdly.
tumultus, -us, m. disturbance.
tumulus, -i, n. hillock, height, stronghold.
tunc, adv. then, at that time.
tunica, -ae, f. tunic.
turbulentus, -a, -um, restless, troublesome.
turpis, -e, base, disgraceful, shameful.
turpiter, adv. disgracefully; superl. turpissime.
turpitudo, -inis, f. baseness.
tutus, -a, -um, safe; adv. tuto, in safety.
tuus, -a, -um, thy, your.
tyrannus, -i, m. despot, tyrant.
U
uber, -eris, n. pap, teat.
ubi, adv. or conj. where, when.
ubinam, adv. where?
ulciscor, ultus sum (3), tr. punish.
ullus, -a, -um, any.
ultro, adv. voluntarily, unasked.
umquam, adv. ever.
una, adv. at the same time, in company.
undique, adv. on all sides.
unguentum, -i, n. unguent, perfume.
unice, adv. specially, wonderfully.
universus, -a, -um, entire, whole, general.
unus, -a, -um, one, alone.
urbanus, -a, -um, of the city, in the city.
urbs, -bis, f. city.
usque, adv. all the time, continually; usque ad, even to.
usura, -ae, f. use, enjoyment, interest.
usurpo (1), tr. use, apply.
ut or uti, adv. or conj. as, how, when;
c. subjunct. in order that, so that, that.
uterque, utraque, utrumque, each of two; plur. each of two sets.
utilis, -e, useful, expedient.
utilitas, -atis, f. advantage, interest.
utinam, adv. would that?
utor, usus sum (3), intr. c. abl. use, enjoy, experience, find.
utrum, interrog. adv. whether (but not translated in direct questions).
uxor, -oris, f. wife.
V
vacillo (1), intr. totter, stagger.
vacuefacio, -feci, -factum (3), tr. empty, clear, free.
vacuus, -a, -um, empty, free from.
vadimonium, -i, n. bail.
vagina, -ae, f. sheath, scabbard.
valde, adv. very much, exceedingly.
valeo (2), intr. have strength, have influence.
varietas, -atis, f. difference, change.
varius, -a, -um, diverse, various.
vastatio, -onis, f. plundering, devastation.
vastitas, -atis, f. devastation.
vasto (1), tr. waste, devastate.
vates, -is, c. soothsayer, prophet.
vectigal, -alis, n. tax, revenue.
vehemens, -ntis, vigorous, violent, efficacious, severe.
vehementer, adv. strongly, greatly, seriously, violently;
compar.vehementius, superl. vehementissime.
velum, -i, n. veil.
vena, -ae, f. vein.
veneficus, -i, m. poisoner.
veneror (1), tr. worship.
venio, veni, ventum (4), intr. come.
verbum, -i, n. word.
vere, adv. truly.
vereor (2), tr. or intr. fear.
versor (1), intr. move, dwell, abide, am concerned.
verus,-a,-um, true;
verum, -i, n. truth;
adv. vero, in truth, however;
adv. or conj. verum, truly, but in truth, but.
vespera, -ae, f. evening.
vester, -tra, -trum, your.
vestigium, -i, n. step, track, trace; plur. ruins.
vetus, -eris, old, former.
vexatio, -onis, f. trouble, distress, insult.
vexo (1), tr. trouble, harass.
via, -ae, f. way, road, course.
vibro (1), tr. brandish.
vicesimus, -a, -um, twentieth.
vicinus, -i, m. neighbour.
victor, -oris, victorious.
victoria, -ae, f. victory.
videlicet, adv. clearly, evidently.
video, vidi, visum (2), tr. or intr. see, make sure;
videor, seem, seem right.
vigilia, -ae, f. wakefulness, watch;
plur. guard, patrol.
vigilo (1), intr. keep awake, am watchful, am on the watch.
vilis, -e, cheap, unimportant.
villa, -ae, f. country-house, farm.
vinco, vici, victum (3), tr. or intr. conquer, outweigh.
vinculum, -i, n. chain; in plur. prison, imprisonment.
vindex, -icis, c. avenger, punisher.
vindico (1), tr. punish.
vinum, -i, n. wine.
violo (1), tr. injure, do outrage to.
vir, viri, m. man.
virgo, -inis, f. maiden.
virtus, -utis, f. manliness, courage, goodness.
vis, vim, vi, f. force, power;
plur. vires, -ium, strength.
viscera, -um, n. plur. inner parts, vitals.
vita, -ae, f. life.
vitium, -i, n. vice, fault.
vito (1), tr. avoid, escape.
vituperatio, -onis, f. blame, censure.
vivo, -xi, -ctum (3), intr. live.
vivus, -a, -um, alive.
vix, adv. scarcely, hardly.
vixdum, adv. scarcely yet.
voco (1), tr. call, summon.
volito (1), intr. fly about, flit about, flutter.
volo, volui, velle, tr. or intr. wish.
voluntas, -atis, f. wish, will, intention; good-will.
voluptas, -atis, f. pleasure, joy.
vosmet, see tu.
votum, -i, n. vow, prayer.
vox, vocis, f. voice, speech, word.
vulnero (1), tr. wound.
vulnus, -eris, n. wound.
vultus, -us, m. countenance, features, expression.