This index does not contain all the proper names occurring in the Orations; those about which information is either unnecessary or supplied in the notes or introduction are omitted.

Final o is long. All other long single vowels are marked, unless they are followed by two consonants, in which case the syllable is long.

A

Allobroges, -um, a people of Gaul dwelling south-west of the Lake of Geneva, between the Rhone and the IsÈre.

Appeni, -i, m. the Apennines, the mountain chain extending along the centre of Italy.

Apulia, -ae, f. a country on the east coast of Italy, between Calabria and Samnium; now Puglia.

C

Caesar, C. Iulius, born 102 or 100 b.c. Elected Pontifex Maximus in 63, the year of Cicero's consulship. After the coalition with Pompeius and Crassus, which is called the First Triumvirate, he became consul in 59, and in the next year he entered on the government of the Province of Gaul and began his conquest of the tribes hitherto independent. In 49 he marched into Italy as the declared enemy of the Senatorial party, and in 48 overthrew its champion, Pompeius, at Pharsalus. On his return to Rome he was made Dictator for life, and four years afterwards, on the 15th of March, 44 b.c., he was murdered at a meeting of the Senate.

Capitolium, -i, n., the Capitol, one of the two summits of the Capitoline hill and the great temple of Jupiter on it, the other summit being called the arx or citadel.

Cicero, M. Tullius, born at Arpinum of an Equestrian family, 106 b.c. His first extant speech was delivered in 81. He impeached Verres in 70 for his misgovernment in Sicily, crushed the Catilinarian conspiracy when he was consul in 63, and in 58 went into exile on a charge of illegal conduct in ordering the execution of the conspirators. He was recalled in the following year. When the civil war broke out between Caesar and Pompeius, he supported the Senatorial party, but he became reconciled to Caesar after his victory over Pompeius at Pharsalus. After the murder of Caesar he attacked Antonius violently in the Philippics, and, being put on the list of the 'proscribed' by Augustus and Antonius, he was murdered at Formiae by the soldiers of Antonius on the 7th of December, 43 b.c.

Cimber, -bri, a cognomen or additional name given by Cicero to P. Gabinius Cepito, one of the conspirators.

Concordia, -ae, f. harmony, concord; personified as a goddess.

E

Etruria, -ae, f. a country on the west coast of Italy, between the Tiber and the Arno.

F

Faesulae, -arum, f. plur. a city of Etruria; now Fiesole, near Florence.

Faesulanus, -a, -um, of Faesulae.

Flaccus, M. Fulvius, a supporter of C. Gracchus; killed with him 121 b.c.

I

Ianuarius, -a, -um, of January.

Idus, -uum, f. plur. the Ides, the fifteenth day of March, May, July, October, the thirteenth of the other months.

K

Kalendae, -arum, f. plur. the Calends, the first day of the month; pridie Kalendas, the day before the Calends.

L

Lepidus, M. Aemilius, (1) consul 78 b.c., (2) consul 66 b.c.

M

Manlianus, -a, -um, of Manlius, the commander of Catiline's troops.

Marius, C., born 157 b.c. He was consul seven times. His great exploits were the conquest of Jugurtha (106), the destruction of the Teutoni at Aquae Sextiae (102) and of the Cimbri at Vercellae (101). In his sixth consulship he crushed the insurrection of Saturninus and Glaucia. In the civil war against Sulla he was forced to flee from Italy, but he soon returned, entered Rome with Cinna and massacred great numbers of the aristocratical party opposed to him. He died in the following year, 86 b.c.

Massilia, -ae, f. Marseilles, a Greek settlement near the mouth of the Rhone, in the Roman Province (Gallia Narbonensis).

Massilienses, -ium, the people of Massilia.

N

November or Novembris, -bris, of November; Kalendae Novembres, the 1st of November.

P

Penates, -ium, m. the guardian gods of the State.

Picenus, -a,, -um, of Picenum, a district on the east coast of Italy, north of Apulia.

Pompeius, Cn. Pompeius Magnus, was born 106 b.c. When he was still quite young, he showed great military ability in the service of Sulla during the war in Italy against the generals of the Marian party. In 77 he was sent to Spain, and for five years conducted the operations against Sertorius. In 66 he cleared the Mediterranean of the Cilician pirates, and was appointed by the Manilian law to succeed Lucullus in the command against Mithridates. In 60 he made the coalition with Caesar and Crassus called the First Triumvirate, but when the civil war broke out, he supported the Senate against Caesar and was conquered by him at Pharsalus, 48 b.c. He fled to Egypt and was murdered there.

R

Reatinus, -a, -um, of Reate, a Sabine town.

S

Saturnalia, -ium or -orum, n. plur. the Festival of Saturn, celebrated on the 17th of December and several days following.

T

Transalpinus, -a, -um, that lies beyond the Alps, Transalpine.

Tullus, L. Volcatius, consul 66 b.c.

V

Vesta, -ae, goddess of the hearth and household.

Vestalis, -e, of Vesta, Vestal; especially Virgines Vestales, the virgin priestesses of Vesta, who kept the holy fire burning in her temple.