The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army

APPENDIX II

This appendix is mainly designed to supplement the table on p. 60, by giving a list of the auxiliary regiments grouped according to the provinces in which they were raised. I have also added for the sake of completeness a further section dealing with the cohortes civium Romanorum, and a few regiments of which we do not know the place of origin. The list thus contains, or is intended to contain, the names of all the auxiliary regiments known to us, and includes far more than existed at any one time. The greater part of this list is, of course, merely a repetition of that drawn up by Cichorius in his articles on ala and cohors contributed to Pauly-Wissowa, and in view of the admirable summary of the evidence there given I have restricted myself to appending to the title of each regiment the name of the province in which it was stationed, or, when this is unknown, a reference to a single inscription mentioning it. Only in cases where I have been able to add to the list a regiment unknown when Cichorius wrote have I added a note on the evidence. The whole may, in fact, be described as a summary of Cichorius’s articles, with a supplement bringing them up to date, and as such may, I hope, be of some value to students of this subject.

As in the list on p. 60, regiments raised before 70 and those of later date are divided into two groups, distinguished by the letters A and B.

Britain.
Alae.
A.	I Flavia Augusta Britannica M.C.R.507	Germania Superior—Pannonia Inferior.
	Brittonum V.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
Cohorts.
A.	I Britannica M.C.R.508	Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Brittonum M.E.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	II Brittonum M.C.R.P.F.	Dacia.
	II Brittonum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	III Britannorum	Raetia.
	III Brittonum	Dacia.
	III Brittonum V.E.	xi. 393.
	IV and V Brittonum supposed because of the existence of
	VI Brittonum	ii. 2424.
B.	I Flavia Brittonum	Dalmatia—Noricum.
	I Ulpia Brittonum M.	Dacia.
	I Aelia Brittonum M.	Noricum.
	I Augusta Nervia Pacensis Brittonum M.509	Dacia.
	I Aurelia Brittonum M.	Dacia.
	II Flavia Brittonum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Augusta Nervia Pacensis Brittonum M.	Pannonia Inferior.
Belgica.
Alae.
A.	Batavorum	Germania Inferior.
	I Canninefatium C.R.	Germania Superior—Pannonia Superior.
	Treverorum	Germania Inferior.
	Tungrorum Frontoniana	Dalmatia—Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Tungrorum	Britain.
B.	I Batavorum M.	Dacia.
Cohorts.
A.	I Batavorum C.R.	Britain.
	I-VIII Batavorum M.	The regiments which joined the rebellion of Civilis and were presumably disbanded.
	IX Batavorum M.E.	Raetia.
	I Belgarum E.	Dalmatia.
	I Belgica	Germania Superior.
	Cohortes Canninefatium	Joined the rebellion of Civilis and were presumably disbanded in consequence. Cf. Tac. Hist. iv. 19.
	I Frisiavonum	Britain.
	I Germanorum C.R.	Germania Superior.
	I Germanorum M.E.	Cappadocia.
	I Lingonum E.	Britain.
	II Lingonum E.	Britain.
	III Lingonum E.	xi. 5959.
	IV Lingonum E.	Britain.
	V Lingonum	Dacia.
	I Menapiorum	Britain.
	I Morinorum	Britain.
	Nemetum	Germania Superior.
	I Nerviorum	Britain.
	II Nerviorum	Britain.
	III Nerviorum C.R.	Britain.
	IV and V Nerviorum C.R. supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Nerviorum C.R.	Britain.
	I Sequanorum et Rauracorum E.	Germania Superior.
	I Sugambrorum V.E.	Moesia Inferior—Syria.
	I Claudia Sugambrorum	Moesia Inferior—Syria.510
	II and III Sugambrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Sugambrorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Sunucorum	Britain.
	I Tungrorum M.	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	II Tungrorum M.E.C.L.	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	Cohortes Ubiorum	Germania Inferior, cf. Tac. Hist. iv. 28.
	I Ubiorum	Moesia Inferior—Dacia.
	Usiporum	Tac. Agr. 28.
	I Vangionum M.E.	Germania Superior—Britain.
B.	I Batavorum M.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Batavorum	Britain.
	II Batavorum M.	Pannonia.
	III Batavorum M.	Pannonia Inferior.511
	I Septimia Belgarum	Germania Superior.
	I Ulpia Traiana Cugernorum	Britain.
	I Nervana Germanorum M.	Britain.
	I Mattiacorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Mattiacorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Treverorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Treverorum	Germania Superior.512
Lugdunensis.
Alae.
A.	Gallorum Flaviana	Moesia Inferior.
	Gallorum Indiana	Germania Inferior—Britain—Germania Superior.
	Augusta Gallorum PetrianaM.	Germania Superior—Britain.
	Augusta Gallorum Proculeiana	Britain.
	Gallorum V.	Egypt.
	I Flavia Gallorum Tauriana513	Gaul.
	I Claudia Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Gallorum et Bosporanorum	Dacia.
	I Gallorum et Pannoniorum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Gallorum Sebosiana	Germania Superior—Britain.
	II Gallorum	Cappadocia.
The majority of the following regiments, which bear titles derived from personal names, can be shown to have received recruits from the Gallic provinces, where it is probable that all were originally raised.
	Agrippiana	Germania Superior—Britain.
	II Flavia Agrippiana514	Syria.
	Apriana	Egypt.
	Atectorigiana	Moesia Inferior.
	Classiana	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	Longiniana	Germania Inferior.
	Patrui	ix. 733.
	Picentiana	Germania Superior.
	Pomponiani	Germania Inferior.
	Rusonis	Germania Superior.
	Sabiniana	Britain.
	Scaevae	x. 6011.
	Siliana C.R.	Africa—Pannonia.
	Sulpicia	Germania Inferior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Gallica C.R.E.	Tarraconensis.
	II Gallica	Tarraconensis.
	I Gallorum	Aquitania.
	I Gallorum Dacica	Dacia.
	II Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Gallorum Macedonica E.	Moesia Superior—Dacia.
	II Gallorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	II Gallorum E.	Britain.
	III Gallorum	Germania Superior—Moesia Inferior.
	III Gallorum	Spain.
	IV Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	IV Gallorum	Raetia.
	IV Gallorum	Britain.
	V Gallorum	Pannonia—Moesia Superior.
	V Gallorum	Britain.
	VI Gallorum	vi. 1449.
	VII Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	VIII, IX, and X Gallorum supposed on account of the existence of
	XI Gallorum515	Dalmatia.
Aquitania.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Aquitanorum V.E.	Germania Superior.
	I Aquitanorum	Germania Superior—Britain.
	II Aquitanorum E.	Germania Superior—Raetia.
	III Aquitanorum E.C.R.	Germania Superior.
	IV Aquitanorum E.C.R.	Germania Superior.
	I Biturigum	Germania Superior.
	II Biturigum	xiii. 6812.
Narbonensis.
Alae.
A.	Augusta Vocontiorum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	Vocontiorum	Egypt.
Cohorts.
	None.
Alpes. (All the little Alpine provinces.)
Alae.
A.	Vallensium.	Germania Superior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Alpinorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Alpinorum E.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Alpinorum E.	Dacia.
	I Alpinorum	Britain.
	II Alpinorum E.	Pannonia Superior.
	III Alpinorum E.	Dalmatia.
	I Ligurum516	Alpes Maritimae—Germania Superior.
	II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum	Sardinia.
	I Montanorum	Noricum—Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Montanorum C.R.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Montanorum	Palestine.
	Trumplinorum	v. 4910.
Raetia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Helvetiorum	Germania Superior.
	I Raetorum	Raetia.
	I Raetorum E.	Cappadocia.
	II Raetorum C.R.	Germania Superior.
	II Raetorum	Raetia.
	Two cohorts III Raetorum supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Raetorum E.	Cappadocia.
	IV Raetorum	Moesia Superior.
	V Raetorum	viii. 8934.
	VI Raetorum	Germania Superior.
	VII Raetorum E.	Germania Superior.
	VIII Raetorum C.R.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	Raetorum et Vindelicorum	Germania Superior.
	I Vindelicorum M.	Dacia.
	II and III Vindelicorum supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Vindelicorum	Germania Superior.
B.	I Aelia Gaesatorum M.	Dacia.
Noricum.
Alae.
A.	Noricorum	Germania Superior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Noricorum	Pannonia Inferior.
Pannonia.
Alae.
A.	I Pannoniorum	Africa.
	I Pannoniorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Pannoniorum Tampiana	Britain.
	II Pannoniorum	Dacia.
	Pannoniorum	Pannonia Superior.
B.	I Illyricorum517	Dacia.
	Flavia Pannoniorum518	Pannonia Inferior.
	Sarmatarum519	Britain.
Cohorts.
A.	I Breucorum	Raetia.
	II Breucorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	III Breucorum	ix. 4753.
	IV Breucorum	Britain.
	V Breucorum	Noricum.
	VI Breucorum520	Moesia Superior.
	VII Breucorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	VIII Breucorum	xiii. 7801.
	I Pannoniorum	Germania Superior—Britain.
	I Pannoniorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Augusta Pannoniorum	Egypt.
	I Pannoniorum et Dalmatarum	x. 5829.
	II Pannoniorum	Britain.
	III Pannoniorum	Britain.
	IV Pannoniorum	iii. 12631, ix. 3924.
	I Varcianorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Varcianorum	Germania Inferior.
B.	I Ulpia Pannoniorum M.E.	Pannonia Superior.
Dalmatia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Dalmatarum	Britain.
	II Dalmatarum	Britain.
	III Dalmatarum	Germania Superior.
	IV Dalmatarum	Germania Superior.
	V Dalmatarum	Germania Superior.
	VI Dalmatarum E.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	VII Dalmatarum E.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
B.	I Dalmatarum M.521	Dalmatia.
	II Dalmatarum M.	Dalmatia.
	III Dalmatarum M.E.C.R.	Dacia.
	IV Dalmatarum M.	iii. 1474.
Moesia.
Alae.
A.	Bosporanorum522	Syria—Dacia.
B.	I Vespasiana Dardanorum	Moesia Inferior.
Cohorts.
A.	Bosporanorum M.	Cappadocia.
	I Bosporiana	Pannonia Superior
	II Bosporanorum	x. 270.523
B.	I Aurelia Dardanorum	Moesia Superior.
	II Aurelia Dardanorum M.E.524	Moesia Superior.
Dacia.
Alae.
B.	I Ulpia Dacorum	Cappadocia.
Cohorts.
B.	I Ulpia Dacorum	Syria.
	I Aelia Dacorum M.	Britain.
	II Augusta Dacorum	Pannonia.
	Dacorum	Syria.
	I Aurelia Dacorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Aurelia Dacorum	Pannonia Superior.525
Thrace.
Alae.
A.	Thracum Herculania	Syria.
	I Augusta Thracum	Raetia.
	I Thracum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	I Thracum Mauretana	Egypt.
	I Thracum V.S.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Thracum Victrix	Pannonia Superior.
	II Augusta Thracum526	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	III Augusta Thracum S.	Pannonia Superior.
	III Thracum	Syria.
Cohorts.
A.	I Augusta Thracum E.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Thracum Germanica C.R.E.	Germania Superior—Pannonia Superior.
	I Thracum M.	Palestine.
	I Thracum S.	Dacia.
	I Thracum E.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Thracum Syriaca	Palestine—Moesia Superior.
	I Thracum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	II Augusta Thracum	Pannonia Inferior.
	II Gemella Thracum	Africa.
	II Thracum Syriaca	Syria.
	II Thracum E.	Egypt.
	II Thracum E.	Britain.
	III Thracum V.	Raetia.
	III Thracum C.R.	Raetia.
	III Augusta Thracum E.	Syria.
	III Thracum Syriaca527	Syria.
	IV Thracum Syriaca	Syria.
	IV Thracum E.	Germania Superior.
	V Thracum supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Thracum	Germania Superior—Britain—Pannonia—Dacia.
B.	I Flavia Bessorum528	Macedonia.
	II Flavia Bessorum	Moesia Inferior.
Macedonia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	Macedonum E.529	A. E. 1908. 58.
	I Cyrrhesticorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Cyrrhesticorum530	Dalmatia.
Galatia.
Alae.
A.	VII Phrygum531	Syria.
Cohorts.
B.	I Ulpia Galatarum	Palestine.
	II Ulpia Galatarum	Palestine.
	III Ulpia Galatarum532	Egypt.
	I Ulpia Paflagonum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Ulpia Paflagonum	Syria.
	III Ulpia Paflagonum	Syria.
Cilicia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Cilicum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Cilicum supposed on account of the existence of
	III Cilicum533	Egypt.
B.	I Flavia Cilicum E.	Egypt.
Cyprus.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I, II, and III Cypria534 supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Cypria	Dacia.
Crete and Cyrenaica.535
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Cretum	Moesia Superior.
	I Cyrenaica	Germania Superior.
	II Augusta Cyrenaica	Germania Superior.
	III Cyrenaica S.	A. E. 1896. 10.
	III Augusta Cyrenaica	RÖmische Mitteilungen, iii. 77.536
Syria.
Alae.
A.	Hamiorum537	Mauretania Tingitana.
	I Augusta Parthorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	Parthorum V.	xiii. 10024³5.
B.	I Commagenorum	Egypt—Noricum.
Cohorts.
A.	I Antiochensium	Moesia Superior.
	I Apamenorum S.E.	Egypt.
	I Chalcidenorum E.	Africa.
	II Chalcidenorum	Moesia Inferior.
	III and IV Chalcidenorum supposed on account of the existence of
	V Chalcidenorum	Syria.
	I Damascenorum	Palestine.
	I Hamiorum	Britain.
	II Hamiorum	viii. 10654.
	I Hemesenorum M.S.E.C.R.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Sagittariorum	Germania Superior—Dacia (?).
	II Sagittariorum supposed on account of the existence of
	III Sagittariorum538	iii. 335, xiv. 3935.
	I Tyriorum539	Moesia Inferior.
B.	I Flavia Canathenorum M.	Raetia.
	I Flavia Chalcidenorum S.E.	Syria.
	I Flavia Commagenorum	Dacia.
	II Flavia Commagenorum	Dacia.
	III, IV, and V Commagenorum supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Commagenorum	Africa.
	I Flavia Damascenorum M.E.	Germania Superior.
	I Ulpia Sagittariorum E.	Syria.
	I Aelia Sagittariorum M.E.	Pannonia Superior.
	I Nova Surorum M.S.	Pannonia Inferior.
Palestine.
Alae.
A.	I Augusta Ituraeorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	Sebastenorum	Palestine—Mauretania Caesariensis.
Cohorts.
A.	I Ascalonitanorum Felix E.	Syria.
	I Augusta Ituraeorum S.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Ituraeorum	Germania Superior—Dacia.
	II Ituraeorum E.	Egypt.
	III Ituraeorum	Egypt.
	IV, V, and VI540 Ituraeorum supposed on account of the existence of
	VII Ituraeorum	Egypt.
	I Sebastenorum M.	Palestine.
Arabia.
Alae.
B.	I Ulpia Dromedariorum M.541	Syria.
Cohorts.
B.	I Ulpia Petraeorum M.E.542	Syria.
	II Ulpia Petraeorum M.E.	xi. 5669.
	III Ulpia Petraeorum M.E.	Cappadocia.
	IV Ulpia Petraeorum543	Palestine.
	V Ulpia Petraeorum E.	Syria.
	VI Ulpia Petraeorum543	Palestine.
Egypt.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Thebaeorum E.	Egypt.
	II Thebaeorum	Egypt.
Africa.
Alae.
A.	Afrorum	Germania Inferior.
	Gaetulorum V.	Palestine.
B.	I Ulpia Afrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Ulpia Afrorum	Egypt.
	I Flavia Gaetulorum	Moesia Inferior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Afrorum C.R.E.544	x. 5841.
	I Cirtensium supposed on account of the existence of
	II Cirtensium	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Cisipadensium	Moesia Superior.
	I Gaetulorum	viii. 7039.
B.	I Flavia Afrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Flavia Afrorum545	Africa.
	I Ulpia Afrorum E.	Egypt.
	I Flavia Musulamiorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Flavia Numidarum	Lycia.
	II Flavia Numidarum	Dacia.
Mauretania.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.546
B.	Maurorum M.	Africa.
	Maurorum M.	Pannonia Inferior.
	Maurorum Quingenaria	Pannonia Inferior.
Tarraconensis.547
Alae.
A.	I Arvacorum	Pannonia Superior.
	II Arvacorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Asturum	Britain.
	I Asturum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Asturum	Britain.
	III Asturum	xi. 3007.
	I Hispanorum Campagonum	Dacia.
	I Hispanorum	Germania Superior—Dacia.
	I Hispanorum Auriana	Noricum.
	I Lemavorum	Tarraconensis.
	I Hispanorum Vettonum C.R.	Britain.
B.	II Flavia Hispanorum	Spain.
Cohorts.
A.	I Asturum	Germania Superior—Britain.
	I Asturum	Noricum.
	II Asturum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	III Asturum	Mauretania Tingitana.
	IV Asturum supposed on account of the existence of
	V Asturum	Germania Inferior.
	VI Asturum	ii. 2637.
	I Asturum et Callaecorum548	Mauretania Tingitana.
	II Asturum et Callaecorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Ausetanorum	ii. 1181.
	IBracaraugustanorum	Moesia Inferior.
	IIBracaraugustanorum	vi. 1838.
	IIIBracaraugustanorum	Britain.
	IIIBracaraugustanorum	Raetia.
	IIIBracaraugustanorum549	Palestine.
	IVBracaraugustanorum	Palestine.
	VBracaraugustanorum	Raetia.
	I Cantabrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Cantabrorum	Palestine.
	Carietum et Veniaesum	v. 4373.
	I Celtiberorum	Spain.
	I Celtiberorum	Britain.
	II Celtiberorum supposed on account of the existence of
	III Celtiberorum	Spain.
	I Hispanorum	Dacia.
	I Hispanorum V.E.	Moesia Inferior.
	I Hispanorum E.	Britain.
	I Hispanorum E.	Egypt.
	II Hispanorum	Germania Superior.
	II Hispanorum Scutata Cyrenaica	Dacia.
	II Hispanorum E.	Africa.
	II Hispanorum E.	Cappadocia.
	III Hispanorum	Germania Superior.
	IV Hispanorum	Dacia.
	V Hispanorum	Germania Superior—Moesia Superior.
	VI Hispanorum	xi. 4376.
	I Lucensium E.	Dalmatia—Syria.
	I Lucensium Hispanorum	Germania Inferior.
	II Lucensium	Moesia Inferior.
	III Lucensium	Spain.
	IV Lucensium	Syria.
	V Lucensium et Callaecorum	Pannonia Superior.
	I Fida Vardullorum M.E.C.R.	Britain.
	I Vasconum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Hispanorum Vasconum C.R.E.	Britain.
B.	I Flavia Hispanorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Flavia Hispanorum M.E.	Moesia Superior.
	I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum M.E.C.R.550	Dacia.
	I Aelia Hispanorum M.E.	Britain.
Lusitania.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Augusta Praetoria Lusitanorum E.	Egypt.
	I Lusitanorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica	Moesia Inferior.
	II Lusitanorum E.	Egypt.
	III Lusitanorum E.	Germania Inferior—Pannonia Inferior.
	IV and V Lusitanorum supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Lusitanorum551	Raetia.
	VII Lusitanorum E.	Africa—Raetia.
Sardinia and Corsica.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Corsorum C.R.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Corsorum	Sardinia.
	I Sardorum	Sardinia.
	II Sardorum E.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
B.	I Gemina Sardorum et Corsorum	Sardinia.
	II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum	Sardinia.

These last two regiments seem to have been formed by amalgamating the cohorts I Corsorum, I Sardorum, and I Ligurum, which appear in Sardinia in the pre-Flavian period, but not later.

Cohortes Voluntariorum and other Regiments of Roman Citizens.

The character of these regiments has already been discussed on pp. 65-7, where the origin of the greater number, at any rate, was traced to the exceptional levies made during the Pannonian revolt of 6-9, and after the defeat of Varus in the latter year. This levy included not only free-born Roman citizens, ingenui, but also freedmen enrolled in cohortes voluntariorum. The latter form a series numbered up to thirty-two, which may have included the cohortes ingenuorum. The latter may, however, have been numbered separately, and it must be admitted that the presence of a Cohors IV Voluntariorum is rather against the hypothesis, previously advanced, that the first six numbers of the series were reserved for the ingenui. It is impossible to argue from the fact that a cohors voluntariorum and a cohors ingenuorum never appear bearing the same numbers, since the series has many gaps, and only the following regiments can be traced:

	I Ingenuorum C.R.552	v. 3936.
	IV Voluntariorum C.R.	Pannonia Superior.
	VI Ingenuorum C.R.	Germania Inferior.
	VIII Voluntariorum C.R.	Dalmatia.
	XIII Voluntariorum C.R.	iii. 6321.
	XV Voluntariorum C.R.	Germania Inferior.
	XVIII Voluntariorum C.R.	Pannonia Superior.
	XIX Voluntariorum C.R.	vii. 383.
	XXIII Voluntariorum C.R.	Pannonia Superior.
	XXIV Voluntariorum C.R.	Germania Superior.
	XXVI Voluntariorum C.R.553	Germania Superior.
	XXX Voluntariorum C.R.	Germania Superior.
	XXXII Voluntariorum C.R.	Germania Superior.
The following regiments seem to have a similar character, although we know nothing concerning the occasion of their creation:
	I Italica Voluntariorum C.R.	xiv. 171.
	II Italica Voluntariorum C.R.M.	Cappadocia.
	I Campanorum Voluntariorum C.R.554	Dalmatia—Pannonia Inferior.
Lastly, a series of at least seven regiments bearing the inexplicable title of Campestris, of which only the following have left traces:
	III Campestris	Dacia.
	VII Campestris	Syria.
The following three regiments should perhaps be included in the same category:
	Ala I C.R.	Pannonia Inferior.
	Cohors Apuleia C.R.	Cappadocia.
	Cohors I Lepidiana C.R.	Moesia Inferior.
In a final section I have grouped together regiments which bear non-ethnical titles, and a few cases of ethnical titles which are at present inexplicable, owing to our ignorance of the situation of the tribes referred to. In the former case it must, however, be remembered that many of these regiments may have had ethnical titles which are not mentioned in the only references to them which we possess.
Alae.
	Augusta	Noricum.
	Augusta555	Moesia Inferior.
	Augusta556	Egypt.
	Augusta C.R.	Pannonia Inferior.
	Augusta Germanica	Pisidia.557
	Augusta Moesica	Germania Inferior.
	Augusta Syriaca	Syria.
	Augusta ob virtutem appellata558	Britain.
	Claudia Nova	Dalmatia—Germania Superior—Moesia Inferior.
	I Augusta Gemina Colonorum	Cappadocia.
	Constantium559	A. E. 1911. 107.
	I Ulpia Contariorum M.C.R.	Pannonia Superior.
	Flavia	Africa.
	I Flavia Fidelis M.	Raetia.
	I Flavia Gemelliana	Raetia.
	I Flavia Gemina	Germania Superior.
	I Flavia Singularium C.R.	Raetia.
	II Flavia M.	Raetia.
	Miliaria	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	Miliaria	Dacia.
	I Augusta Nerviana M.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Praetoria C.R.	Syria.
	Scubulorum	Germania Superior.
	I Ulpia Singularium	Syria.
	Tautorum Victrix	Tarraconensis.
	II Ulpia Auriana560	Cappadocia.
Cohorts.
	Aelia Expedita	viii. 9358.
	I Augusta	Syria.
	II Augusta supposed on account of the existence of
	III Augusta561	vi. 3508.
	Baetica	v. 5127.
	I Classica	Germania Inferior.
	I Aelia Classica	Britain.
	II Classica	Syria.
	Claudia E.	Cappadocia.
	III Coll…	Moesia Inferior.
	I Dongonum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Dongonum	Britain.
The Lollianus inscription (iii. 600) mentions a mysteriously named Cohors II Equitum, which seems also to be referred to on an Italian inscription (v. 2841) as Cohors II Equitatum. The Cohors VI Equestris mentioned by Pliny (Ep. ad Tra. 106) may belong to the same series. The best explanation of these curious titles is to suppose that they are all varieties of equitata.
	I Flavia E.	Africa.
	I Flavia E.	Germania Inferior.
	Flaviana562	C.I.G. 3615.
	V Gemina	Palestine.
	I Latabiensium	Germania Inferior.
	Maritima	ii. 2224.
	Miliaria	Syria.
	Naut…	Alpes Maritimae.
	I Augusta Nerviana Velox	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Nurritanorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	Scutata C.R.	Egypt.
	I Aelia Singularium	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Ulpia supposed on account of the existence of
	II Ulpia E.C.R.	Syria.

This last section completes our survey of the auxiliary forces of the Empire so far as they are known to us, and it is some satisfaction to feel that so far as the mere names of the regiments go our knowledge is now approaching completion. The recently discovered diploma for Moesia Superior (A. E. 1912. 128), which gave the names of twenty-four regiments which were stationed in the province in 103, did not mention one previously unknown to us, and a glance at the AnnÉe Épigraphique for the past ten years will show how rarely a fresh name appears among the numerous inscriptions dealing with the auxilia. This knowledge does not, of course, carry us very far; while so many regiments are merely known to us by name from one or two casual inscriptions, we can tell neither the total number of auxilia maintained at any one time nor the relative strength of the frontier garrisons, and a host of minor problems are even further from solution. The very fact, however, that new evidence is now so slow to accumulate seemed to justify the attempt to utilize the available material and state summarily such conclusions as are at present attainable on a subject of some interest and importance to all students of the Roman Empire.

507 Seems to be identical with the regiment mentioned in Tac. Hist. iii. 41, and was therefore in existence before the Flavian period.

508 It does not seem possible to make any distinction, chronological or otherwise, between the titles Britannica, Britannorum, and Brittonum.

509 Not recognized by Cichorius, but see above, p. 158, n. 1. The meaning of the title is obscure, but such an elaborate form is not likely to be early.

510 On the reason for distinguishing between these two regiments see above, p. 162, n. 2.

511 See above, p. 60, n. 2.

512 Apparently a late creation, possibly raised by Severus Antoninus. Cf. xiii. 7616, and Cichorius s.v.

513 Was in existence before the Flavian period. Cf. Tac. Hist. i. 59.

514 Assuming, as seems most probable, that this regiment was raised, like the others, at an early date and only acquired the title Flavia as an honorary distinction.

515 As four Gallic cohorts bear the number II, we may add two others bearing the number I in addition to the two known to us, and also another Cohors III to correspond with the third Cohors IV. The total number of Gallic cohorts raised, including the Cohortes Gallicae, must have been twenty-four.

516 Seems to be identical with the Cohors Ligurum E. which appears in Sardinia and afterwards formed part of the amalgamated Cohors I Ligurum et Hispanorum in Germania Superior.

517 Developed out of a vexillatio equitum Illyricorum. Cf. p. 157.

518 Cichorius identifies this with the last ala Pannoniorum, supposing the title Flavia to have been added as an honorary distinction. But iii. 3252, which is clearly of second-century date, mentions an ala Pannoniorum without any additional title.

519 Developed out of a numerus Sarmatarum organized from the Sarmatae deported to Britain by Marcus. Cf. vii. 218 and 229.

520 Not included by Cichorius, but now known from A. E. 1905. 162.

521 See p. 61, n. 3.

522 See above, p. 157, n. 3.

523 This inscription is certainly interpolated, but Cichorius believes in the authenticity of this title.

524 See A. E. 1903. 288. Not mentioned by Cichorius.

525 Not mentioned by Cichorius and only known from iii. 15184.

526 Another Ala II Thracum may be assumed to have been sometime in existence, as two regiments bear the number III.

527 The only certain mention with full title is in A. E. 1911. 161. For the ascription of this and the following cohort to the garrison of Syria see above, p. 162, n. 3.

528 Not included by Cichorius and only mentioned on the Macedonian diploma for 124, A. E. 1909. 105.

529 Not included by Cichorius and only known from this inscription.

530 Not included by Cichorius and only known from one inscription, A. E. 1900. 48. The Syrian Cyrrhestis might, of course, be meant, and the soldier’s birthplace, Beroea, is equally ambiguous, but the fact that the regiment was in Dalmatia suggests a Macedonian origin.

531 For this regiment see above, p. 61, n. 7.

532 Only mentioned in Not. Dign. Or. xxviii. 35, without the title Ulpia, but presumably belongs to the same series as cohorts I and II.

533 Not included by Cichorius and only known from A. E. 1905. 54.

534 One of these may be the Cohors Cypria mentioned in A. E. 1904. 163, and on an inscription from the Crimea, Latyschew ii. 293.

535 See above, p. 62, n. 6.

536 One of these two regiments is probably referred to in Arrian, Ectaxis, 1.

537 Not included by Cichorius. Cf. viii. 21814 a, A. E. 1906. 19.

538 Inscriptions of the first of these cohorts (xiii. 7512, 7513) show that it was recruited in the East, as probably all were.

539 If the emendation suggested above, on p. 69, n. 3, be correct, we should also include a Cohors Seleuciensium.

540 Arrian, Ectaxis, 18, mentions an Ituraean cohort which may be identical with one of these.

541 This, at least, seems the most likely province for it to have been raised in. This regiment, not included by Cichorius, is only mentioned in the Syrian diploma for 157.

542 It is not mentioned as miliaria, but is conjectured to have been so on the analogy of cohorts II and III.

543 The title Ulpia is not given in these two cases, but the regiments obviously belonged to the same series and were probably also equitatae.

544 Probably identical with the ‘Cohors Afrorum in Dacia’ mentioned in vi. 3529.

545 Not included by Cichorius, and only mentioned in A. E. 1909. 104, an inscription dating from the end of the second century.

546 There is no reason why these regiments should not have been raised between 40 and 70, but they do not appear on inscriptions until much later.

547 Some of the cohorts and alae of Hispani may, of course, have been raised in Baetica.

548 On some difficult points connected with this regiment see Cagnat, L’armÉe romaine d’Afrique, p. 258 (2nd edition).

549 From the existence of three cohorts bearing the number III, we may assume two more with the number I, and two with the number II, of which as yet no evidence exists.

550 This regiment is, however, possibly identical with the preceding.

551 Not included by Cichorius, and only mentioned on a Greek inscription, which is probably of second-century date, I.G.R.R. iii. 56.

552 Probably identical with the Cohors I C.R., which appears in Germania Superior. The Cohors II C.R. which formed part of the garrison of the same province according to ix. 2958 probably also belongs to this series.

553 xiii. 6306 may refer to Cohors XXV, but it is probable that the final stroke is omitted, and that Cohors XXVI was meant.

554 On this regiment see above, p. 65, n. 6.

555 Possibly identical with the Ala Augusta Moesica.

556 Possibly identical with the Ala Augusta Syriaca.

557 See J.R.S. ii. (1912), p. 99.

558 This regiment has no early inscriptions, and is probably identical with one of the other British alae, possibly the Ala Petriana, which renounced its original title in favour of this honorific appellation.

559 Not included by Cichorius. This regiment is probably either a late formation, or possessed also an ethnical title omitted on this inscription.

560 The title is probably connected in some way with that of the Ala I Hispanorum Auriana which was stationed in Raetia.

561 Here again, however, an ethnical title may well have been omitted.

562 Possibly a Gallic regiment on the analogy of the Ala Gallorum Flaviana.

Clyx.com

Britain.

Belgica.

Lugdunensis.

Aquitania.

Narbonensis.

Alpes. (All the little Alpine provinces.)

Raetia.

Noricum.

Pannonia.

Dalmatia.

Moesia.

Dacia.

Thrace.

Macedonia.

Galatia.

Cilicia.

Cyprus.

Crete and Cyrenaica.535

Syria.

Palestine.

Arabia.

Egypt.

Africa.

Mauretania.

Tarraconensis.547

Lusitania.

Sardinia and Corsica.

Cohortes Voluntariorum and other Regiments of Roman Citizens.