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| Fig. 1.— | A. Skull of one of the non-poisonous ColubridÆ (Ptyas mucosus) | 7 |
| B. Skull of one of the poisonous ColubridÆ (Naja tripudians) | 7 |
| C. Skull of one of the poisonous ColubridÆ (Bungarus fasciatus) | 7 |
| D. Skull of one of the ViperidÆ (Vipera russellii) | 7 |
| E. Skull of one of the ViperidÆ CrotalinÆ (Crotalus durissus) | 7 |
| F. Skull of one of the ColubridÆ HydrophiinÆ (Hydrophis pelamis) | 7 |
| Fig. 2.— | A. Maxillary bone and fangs of one of the ViperidÆ (Vipera russellii) | 8 |
| B. Maxillary bone and fangs of one of the ColubridÆ (Naja tripudians) | 8 |
| C. Maxillary bone and fangs of one of the ColubridÆ (Bungarus fasciatus) | 8 |
| D. Maxillary bone and teeth of one of the non-poisonous ColubridÆ (Ptyas mucosus) | 8 |
| Fig. 3.— | A. Fang of one of the ViperidÆ (Vipera russellii) | 8 |
| D. Transverse section of the fang | 8 |
| Fig. 4.— | B. Fang of one of the ColubridÆ (Naja tripudians) | 9 |
| E. Transverse section | 9 |
| Fig. 5.— | C. Fang of one of the HydrophiinÆ (Hydrophis pelamis) | 9 |
| F. Transverse section | 9 |
| Fig. 6— | Three transverse sections of a poison-fang of one of the ColubridÆ | 9 |
| Fig. 7— | Marks produced on the skin by the bites of different species of snakes | 10 |
| Fig. 8— | Poison-gland and fangs of a venomous snake (Naja tripudians) | 11 |
| Fig. 9— | Muscular apparatus and poison-gland of Vipera russellii | 12 |
| Fig. 10— | Muscular apparatus and poison-gland of Vipera russellii | 12 |
| Fig. 11— | Muscular apparatus and poison-gland of Naja tripudians | 13 |
| Fig. 12— | Muscular apparatus and poison-gland of Naja tripudians | 13 |
| Fig. 13— | Arrangement of the scales of the head in one of the non-poisonous ColubridÆ (Ptyas mucosus) | 14 |
| Fig. 14— | Arrangement of the scales of the head in one of the poisonous ColubridÆ (Naja tripudians) | 15 |
| Fig. 15— | Feeding a poisonous snake (first stage) | 18 |
| Fig. 16— | Feeding a poisonous snake (second stage) | 18 |
| Fig. 17— | Capture of a Naja tripudians (first stage) | 19 |
| Fig. 18— | Capture of a Naja tripudians (second stage) | 20 |
| Fig. 19— | Hindu carrying two captured Cobras in “chatties” | 21 |
| Fig. 20— | Maxillary bone, mandible, and head of Coelopeltis monspessulana | 23 |
| Fig. 21— | (1) Vipera berus; (2) Vipera aspis; (3) Vipera ammodytes; (4) Vipera ammodytes | 25 |
| Fig. 22— | Vipera aspis, from the Forest of Fontainebleau | 28 |
| Fig. 23— | Skull of Bungarus | 31 |
| Fig. 24— | Bungarus fasciatus (India) | 32 |
| Fig. 25— | Skull of Naja tripudians | 34 |
| Fig. 26— | Naja tripudians (Cobra-di-Capello) on the defensive, preparing to strike | 35 |
| Fig. 27— | Naja tripudians (Cobra-di-Capello) | 36 |
| Fig. 28— | Vipera russellii (Daboia) | 45 |
VENOMS.
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