  1 Rev. xii. 7-9. 2 Isaiah xiv. 13, 14. 3 Luke x. 18. 4 Fabricius (J.A.), Codex Pseudepigraphus Vet. Test. Hamb., 1722, p. 21. 5 Jalkut Rubeni, 3, sub. tit. Sammael. 6 Fol. 139, col. 1: see Eisenmenger, i.p. 831. 7 Jalkut Rubeni, in Eisenmenger, i.p. 307. 8 Eisenmenger, i.p. 104. 9 Ibid., i.p. 820. 10 Ibid., ii. 416, 420, 421. 11 Chronique de Tabari. Paris, 1867, i.c. xxvii. 12 Abulfeda, Hist. Ante-Islamica. LipsiÆ, 1831, p. 13. 13 1 Cor.x. 20. 14 Majer, Mythologische Lexicon, Th.i. p. 231. 15 Orig. adv. Cels. vi. 42. 16 Lettres Edifiantes, viii.p. 420. 17 BibliothÈque Univ. de GenÈve, 1827; D’Anselme, i.p. 228. 18 Hist. Naturelle de l’Orinoque, par Tos. Gumilla. Avignon, 1751, t.i. p. 172. 19 Weil, Biblische Legenden der MuselmÄnner. Frankfort, 1845, pp. 12-16. 20 Geiger, Was hat Mohammed aus d. Judenthum aufgenommen? p. 99. 21 So also Abulfeda, Hist. Ante-Islamica, ed. Fleischer. LipsiÆ, 1831 p. 13. 22 Tabari, i.c. xxvi. 23 Colin de Plancy, p. 55. 24 Eisenmenger, Neuentdecktes Judenthum. KÖnigsberg, 1711, i. pp. 364-5. 25 Bochart, Hierozoica, p. 2, l. 8, fol. 486. 26 Tract Sanhedrim, f. 38. 27 Jalkut Schimoni, f. 6. 28 Tract Hagida, f. 12. 29 Eisenmenger, i.p. 367. 30 Ibid., 368. 31 Eisenmenger, i.p. 369. 32 MÜller, Amerikanische Urreligionen; Basle, 1855. Atherne Jones, North American Traditions, i.p. 210, etc. Heckewelder’s Indian Nations, etc. 33 Fourmont Anciens Peuples, i. lib. ii.p. 10. 34 Aves, 666. 35 MÉmoires des Chinois, i.p. 105. 36 Berosus, in Cory’s Ancient Fragments, p. 26. 37 It is unfortunate that I have already written on the myths relating to the formation of Eve in “Curiosities of Olden Times.” I would therefore have omitted a chapter which must repeat what has been already published, but that by so doing I should leave this work imperfect. However, there is much in this chapter which was not in the article referred to. 38 Rabboth, fol. 20 b. 39 Eisenmenger, i. 830. 40 Weil, pp. 17, 18. 41 Tabari, i.c. xxvi. 42 Talmud, Tract. Berachoth, f. 61; Bartolocci Bibl. Rabbin., iv.p. 66. 43 Bartolocci, Bibl. Rabbin., iv.p. 67. 44 Bartolocci, Bibl. Rabbin., iii.p. 395. 45 Ibid., p. 396; Eisenmenger, t.i. p. 365. 46 Bhagavat, iii. 12, 51. 47 Colebrooke Miscell. Essays, p.i. 64. 48 Bundehesch, p. 377. 49 Bartolocci, Bibl. Rabbin., iv.p. 463. 50 Mendez Pinto, Voyages, ii.p. 178. 51 Bhagavat, iii. 12, 25. 52 Ibid., iv. 15, 27. 53 Ovid, Metamorph., x. 7. 54 Hesiod, Works and Days, 61-79. 55 Gen.i. 27. 56 Ibid., ii. 18. 57 Ibid., 23. 58 Abraham Ecchellensis, Hist. Arabum, p. 268. 59 Talmud, Tract. Bava Bathra. 60 S. Epiphan. HÆres., xxvi. 61 Tho. Bangius, Coelum Orientis, p. 103. 62 S. Clementi Recog., c. iv. 63 Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages AmÉriquaines, i.p. 93. 64 Pallas, Reise, i.p. 334. 65 Hodgson, Buddhism, p. 63. 66 Upham, Sacred Books of Ceylon, iii. 156. 67 MÉmoires Chinois, i.p. 107. 68 Bundehesch in Windischmann: Zoroastrische Studien. Berlin, 1863, p. 82; and tr. A. du Perron, ii. pp. 77-80. 69 So also Abulfeda, Hist. Ante-Islamica, p. 13. 70 Weil, pp. 19-28. 71 Tabari, i.p. 80. 72 Diod. Sicul., 14 et seq. 73 Ausland fÜr Nov. 4, 1847. 74 W. Smith, Nouveau Voyage de GuinÉe. Paris, 1751, ii.p. 176. 75 Bowdler, Mission from Cape Coast to Ashantee. London, 1819, p. 344. 76 Cranz, Historie von GrÖnland. Leipzig, 1770, i.p. 262. 77 Humboldt, Pittoreske Ansichten d. Cordilleren; Plate xiii. and explanation, ii. pp. 41, 42. 78 De la Borde, Reise zu den Caraiben. NÜrnb. 1782, i. pp. 380-5. 79 Allg. Hist. der Reisen, xviii.p. 395. 80 Eisenmenger, i. pp. 827-9. 81 Weil, p. 28. 82 Basnage, Histoire des Juifs. La Haye, iii.p. 391. 83 Tract. Avod., f. 1. col. 3; also Tract. Pesachim, f. 118, col. 1. 84 Eisenmenger, i. pp. 376, 377. 85 Eisenmenger, i. pp. 377-80. 86 Talmud, Avoda Sara, fol. 8 a, and in Levy, Parabeln, p. 300. 87 It is a popular superstition among the lower orders in England that a woman who dies in childbirth, even if she be unmarried, cannot be lost. 88 Weil, pp. 29-38. 89 Dillman, Das Adambuch des Morgenlandes; GÖttingen, 1853. This book is not to be confounded with the Testament of Adam. 90 Tabari, i., capp. xxviii. xxix. 91 In More Nevochim, quoted by Fabricius, i.p. 5. 92 Gen.v. i. 93 Fabricius, i.p. 11. 94 Adv. HÆresi, c. 5. 95 Eusebius Nierembergius, De Origine S. ScripturÆ. Lugd., 1641. 96 Fabricius, i.p. 33. 97 Ferdinand de Troilo, Orientale Itinerario. Dresd., 1667, p. 323. 98 Selden, De Synedriis, ii.p. 452. 99 Hottinger, Historia Orientalis, lib.i. c. 8. 100 Jacobus Vitriacus, Hist. Hierosol., c. lxxxv. 101 As King Charles’s Oak may be seen in the fern-root. 102 Fabricius, i.p. 84. 103 Neue Ierosolymitanische Pilgerfahrt. WÜrtzburg, 1667, p. 47. 104 Stephanus Le Moyne, NotÆ ad Varia Sacra, p. 863. 105 Abulfeda, p. 15. In the Apocryphal book, The Combat of Adam (Dillman, Das Christliche Adambuch des Morgenlandes; GÖttingen, 1853), the same reason for hostility is given. In that account, Satan appears to Cain and prompts him to every act of wickedness. 106 Tabari, i.c. xxx. 107 Jalkut, fol. 11 a. 108 Yaschar, p. 1089. 109 Targums, ed. Etheridge, London, 1862, i.p. 172. 110 Eisenmenger, i.p. 320. 111 Liber Zenorena, quoted by Fabricius, i.p. 108. 112 S. Methodius, jun., Revelationes, c. 3. 113 Eutychius, Patriarcha Alex., Annales. 114 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. xxi. 115 Historia Dynastiarum, ed. Pocock; Oxon. 1663, p. 4. 116 Ad Antiochum, quÆst. 56. 117 Fabricius, i.p. 112. 118 Eisenmenger, i.p. 462. 119 Targum, i.p. 173. 120 Jalkut Cadasch, fol. 6, col.i. 121 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. xxi. 122 Ibid. 123 Ibid. 124 Eisenmenger, ii.p. 8. 125 Ibid., p. 428. 126 Ibid., p. 455. 127 Tract. Avoda Sara. 128 Tabari, i.c. xix. 129 Antiq. JudÆ., lib.i. c. 2. 130 Excerpta Chronologica, p. 2. 131 Gen. iv. 15. 132 Cosmas Indopleustes, Cosmographia, lib.v. 133 D’Herbelot, BibliothÈque Orientale, sub voce Cabil, i.p. 438. 134 Neue Ierosolymitanische Pilgerfahrt. Von P.F. Ignat. von Rheinfelden. WÜrtzburg, 1667. P. ii.p. 8. 135 Weil, pp. 40-3. 136 Tabari, i.c., xxxiii. 137 Colin de Plancy, p. 78. 138 Herbelot, i.p. 95. 139 Moses bar Cepha. Commentarius de Paradiso, P. i.c. 14. Fabricius, i.p. 75. 140 S. Basil Seleuc. Orat. xxxviii. 141 Lettre de H.A.D., Consul de France en Abyssinie, 1841. 142 Tabari, i.c. xxxiv. 143 D’Herbelot, i.p. 125, s.v. Rocail. 144 Midrash Tillim, fol. 10, col. 2. 145 Eisenmenger, i.p. 645. 146 Theodoret, QuÆst. in Gen. xlvii. 147 Plutarch, Isis and Osiris, ed. Parthey; pp. 72, 88, and notes pp. 183, 238. 148 Abulfaraj, Hist. Dynast., ed. Pocock, p. 5. 149 Joseph. Antiq. Judaic., lib.i. c. 2. 150 Freculphus, Chron. lib.i. c. 12. 151 Anastasius Sinaita, ?d????. ed. Gretser, Ingolst. 1606, p. 269. 152 Gen.v. 6-9. 153 Pseudo Josephus Gorionides; ed. Clariss. Breithauptius, lib. ii.c. 18, p. 131. 154 I give the Arabic legend. The account in Jasher is different. Enoch retired from the world, and showed himself only at rare intervals, when he gave advice to all who came to hear his wisdom. He was taken up to heaven in a whirlwind, in a chariot with horses of fire. (Yaschar, pp. 1094-1096.) 155 Tabari, i.c. xxxv. 156 Dillman, Das Buch Enock; Leipzig, 1853. Ewald, in his “Geschichte der Volks Israel” (iii. 2, pp. 397-401), attributes it to the year 130. B.C. 157 Fol. 26, col. 2. 158 Jalkut Rubeni, fol. 27, col. 4. 159 Ibid., fol. 107, col i. 160 Targums, ed. Etheridge, i.p. 175. 161 Suidas, Lexic.s. v. Nannacos. 162 Nischmath Chajim, fol. 116, col.i. 163 Eisenmenger, i.p. 380. 164 Das Buch Henoch, von Dillmann, Leipz. 1853, c. xv.p. 9. 165 Abulfaraj, p. 6. 166 Eutych. Patriarcha Alex., Annales ab Orbe Condito, Arabice et Lat., ed. Selden; London, 1642, i.p. 19. 167 D’Herbelot, s.v. Surkrag and KaÏumarth. 168 Tabari, c. xxxvii. 169 D’Herbelot, s.v. Tahmourath. 170 Tabari, caps. xxxix. xl. 171 Gen. iv. 18-24. 172 Targums, ed. Etheridge, i.p. 173. 173 Yaschar, tr. Drach, p. 1092; the same in Midrash Jalkut, c. 38; Midrash, Par. Bereschith, fol. 2; Rabbi Raschi on Genesis; etc., etc. 174 VÉland le Forgeron; Paris, 1833. There is an English translation by Wright. 175 Tabari, i.c. xxi. 176 Eisenmenger, ii.p. 416. 177 Colin de Plancy, p. 102. 178 Midrash, fol. 12; so also Targum of Palestine, Etheridge, i.p. 179. 179 Chron. GrÆc., ed. Scaliger, Lugd. Batav. 1606, p. 4. 180 Fabricius, i.p. 225. 181 Eisenmenger, i.p. 651. 182 Talmud, Tractat. Sanhedrin, fol. 108, col. 1. So also the Book Yaschar, p. 1097. 183 Jalkut, Genesis, fol. 14a. 184 Jalkut Shimoni, Job. fol. 121, col. 2. 185 Eisenmenger, i.p. 385. The Targum of Palestine says the water was hot (i.p. 179). 186 Tractat. Sevachim, fol. 113, col. 2. 187 Or, a unicorn; the Hebrew word is ReÉm. 188 Midrash, fol. 14. 189 Eutych, Patriarcha Alex., ed. Selden, i.p. 36. 190 Tabari, p. 108. 191 Abulfeda, p. 17. 192 Yaschar, p. 1100. 193 Colin de Plancy, p. 110. 194 Weil, p. 45. 195 Ararat. 196 Tabari, c. xli. 197 Weil, p. 45. 198 Midrash, fol. 15. 199 Tabari, p. 113. 200 Fabricius, i. pp. 74, 243. 201 Ed. Dillmann, c. 67. 202 Ed. Etheridge, i.p. 182. 203 Gen.v. 20. 204 In the Midrash Rabba, this want of connection between the name and the signification is remarked upon, and Solomon Jarki in his commentary says that, for the meaning assigned, the name ought to have been, not Noah, but Menahem. 205 Buttmann, Ueber der Mythus d. SÛndfluth, Berlin, 1819; LÛken Die Traditionen des Menschengeschlechts, Munster, 1856; Bryant, Of the Deluge in Ancient Mythology, London, 1775, etc. 206 Parrot, Journey to Ararat, English Trans. Lond. 1845. 207 Joseph. Antiq., i. 3; see also Ptolem. Geogr. vi. 2. 208 Joseph. Antiq., i. 4. 209 Euseb. PrÆp. Evang. ix. 19. 210 Lucian, De Dea Syra, c. 12, 13. 211 Georg. Syncellus, Chronographia, p. 29, B., ed. Bonn; or Cory’s Ancient Fragments, p. 26 et seq. 212 PrÆp. Evang. ix. 12; see also S. Cyril contra Julian, i. 213 Bochart, Geogr. Sacra, p. 231. 214 Ekhel, Doctrina Numm. Vet. iii.p. 132 et seq.; see also Bryant’s New System of Ancient Mythology, Lond. 1775, i. note 3. 215 Orac. Sibvll, i.v. 260, 265-7. Ed. Fiedlieb. 216 Bundehesch, 7. 217 On the Chronology of the Hindus, by Sir W. Jones; Asiatic Researches, ii. pp. 116-7. 218 Bopp, Die SÜndfluth; Berlin, 1829, p. 9. 219 Ovid. Metam.i. 240 et seq. 220 Steph. Bryzant., s. voce ???????. 221 Diod. Sicul. lib.i. 222 MÉm. concernant les Chinois, i.p. 157. 223 Klaproth, Inschrift, des Yu; Halle, 1811, p. 29. 224 MÉm. concernant les Chinois, ix.p. 383. 225 Mart. Martinii, Hist. Sin.p. 26. 226 Steller, Beschreibung v. Kamschatka; Frankf. 1744, p. 273. 227 Serres, Kosmoganie des Moses, Übersetzt von F.X. Stech, p. 149. 228 Davies, Mythology of the British Druids, London, 1809; and Celtic Researches, London, 1844: curious works on the Arkite worship and art-ditions of the Kelts. 229 The prose Edda; Mallet, Northern Antiq., ed. Bohn, p. 404. 230 Grimm, Deutsche Mythol.; GÖttingen, 1854, p. 545. 231 The same story precisely, is told by the closely allied race of the Chippewas; Atherne Jones, Traditions of the North American Indians, London, 1830, ii.p. 9 et seq. 232 LÜtke, Voyage autour du Monde, i.p. 189. 233 Braunschweig, Die alten Amerik. DenkmÄler; Berlin, 1840, p. 18. 234 Atherne Jones, Traditions of the North American Indians, ii. 21-33. 235 Catlin, Letters and Notes on the Manners, etc., of the N. American Indians; London, 1841. 236 Mayer, Mytholog. Taschenbuch; Weimar, 1811, p. 245. 237 Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois; New York, 1847, p. 358. 238 MÜller, Geschichte des Amerikanischen Urreligionem, Basle, 1855, p. 515; LÜken, Die Traditionem des Menschengeschlechts, p. 223. 239 Humboldt, Anh. des Cordilleren, i.p. 42. 240 Antonio de Herrera, Hist. general de los Hecos, etc.; Madrid, 1601, iii.c. 10. 241 Compare LÜken and MÜller. 242 Humboldt, Reise in die Aequinoctial Gegenden, iii. pp. 406-7. 243 Nachrichten aus dem Lande Guiana, v. Salvator Gili; Hamb. 1785 pp. 440-1, quoted by LÜken. 244 Garcilasso de la Vega, Hist. des Yncas; Amst., i. pp. 73 and 326. 245 Ausland, Jan. 1845, No. 1. 246 Jalkut, Genesis, fol. 16 a. 247 Colin de Plancy, p. 121. 248 Tabari, i.c. xli. 249 Hist. Dynastiarum, ed. Pocock; Oxon., 1663, p. 9. 250 Hist. Dynastiarum, ed. Pocock; Oxon., 1663, p. 10. 251 Eutychius, Patr. Alex., Annal., t.i. p. 44. 252 Bereschith Rabba, fol. 22, col. 4. 253 Eutych. Annal., ed. Selden, i.p. 35. 254 Suidas, Lexic.s. v. S????a. 255 Tract. Sanhedrin, fol. 108, col. 2. 256 Tabari, i.p. 115. 257 Colin de Plancy, p. 224. 258 Eisenmenger, i. pp. 318-9. 259 Ibid., p. 376. 260 Ibid., p. 395. 261 Adv. HÆres., lib.i. 262 De Tartaris, c. 9. 263 ReliquiÆ ArcÆ NoÆ, in Fabricius, i. art. 33. 264 Tabari, i.c. xlii. xliii. 265 Tabari, i.c. xliii. 266 Gen. xi. 16, 18, 20, 22. 267 Abulfaraj, Hist. Dynastiarum, p. 12. 268 Abulfaraj, Hist. Dynastiarum, p. 13. 269 Gen.x. 21-24. 270 Koran, Sura xi. verse 57. 271 Tabari, i.c. xliv.; Abulfeda, Hist. Ante Islamica, pp. 19-21. 272 Weil, pp. 47, 48. 273 Herbelot, Biblioth. Orientale, s.v. Lokman. 274 Tabari, i.p. 432. 275 Koran, Sura xxvi.v. 153. 276 Ibid., xi.v. 67. 277 Tabari, i.c. xlv. 278 Weil, pp. 48-61; Abulfeda, p. 21. 279 Pirke of Rabbi Eliezer, c. xi. 280 Ibid., c. xxiv. 281 Ibid., c. xi. 282 Targums, ed. Etheridge, i.p. 187. 283 Bechaji, Comm. in 1 Mos. xi.; Pirke of R. Eliezer, c. xi.; Talmud, Sanhedrim, 109a; Targums, i. pp. 189-90, etc. 284 Talmud, Sanhedrim; see also the history of Nimrod in Yaschar, pp. 1107-8. 285 Herbelot, s.v. Nimroud. 286 Hist. Dynast., p. 12. 287 MÉmoires conc. les Chinois, i.p. 213. 288 Euseb., PrÆp. Ev., ix. 14; Cory, Ancient Fragments, pp. 34-50. 289 George Syncellus, Bibl. GrÆc., v.p. 178. 290 Euseb., PrÆp. Ev., ix. 17. 291 Mos. Chorene, i. 9. 292 MÜller, Glauben u. Wissen.d. Hindus; Mainz, 1822, i.p. 303. 293 Allgem. Hist.d. Reisen, vi.p. 602. 294 LÜken, p. 287; Amerikanische Urreligionen, p. 517, etc. 295 Humboldt, Ansichten d. Cordilleren, i.p. 42. 296 For the Rabbinic traditions relating to Abraham I am indebted to the exhaustive monograph of Dr. B. Beer. “Leben Abraham’s nach Auffassung der jÜdischen Sage,” Leipzig, 1859, to which I must refer my readers for references to Jewish books, which are given with an exactitude which leaves nothing to be desired. 297 Weil, p. 69. 298 The Mussulman history of the patriarch relates that Azar brought Abraham before Nimrod and said, “This is thy God who made all things.” “Then why did he not make himself less ugly?” asked Abraham,—for Nimrod had bad features. 299 The Mussulman story, which is precisely the same as the Jewish, adds that the camels refused to bear wood to form the pyre, but cast it on the ground; therefore Abraham blessed the camels. But the mules had no compunction, therefore he cursed them that they should be sterile. The birds who flew over the fire were killed, the city was enveloped in its smoke, and the crackling of its flames could be heard a day’s journey off. 300 Weil, p. 73. 301 Both the Rabbinic commentators and the Mussulman historians tell a long story about the discussion carried on between Gabriel and Abraham in the air, as he was being shot into the flames. It is hardly worth repeating. 302 Tabari, i.p. 147. 303 Weil, p. 78. 304 Gen. xv. 305 Tabari, i.p. 156. 306 Gen. xiv. 19. The book Jasher also says that Amraphel and Nimrod are the same. 307 Gen. xiv. 17. 308 Ibid., 19, 20. 309 Gen. xiv. 23, 24. 310 Ps. ix. 8. 311 Tabari, i.c. xlviii. 312 Gittin, fol. 56 b; Pirke of R. Eliezer, fol. 49. 313 Weil, p. 80. 314 Tabari, i.c. lii; Abulfeda, p. 25. 315 Apocrypha de Loto, apud Fabricium, t.i. pp. 428-431. 316 Solomon Jarschi, Comm. on Moses, xx. 5. 317 Josh. xii. 24. 318 Psalm cxiii. 9. 319 This climax of absurdity is found also in the Mussulman histories of the Patriarch. 320 Weil, p. 83. 321 It seems probable that S. Paul alludes to this traditional speech more than once, as for instance Gal. iii. 9. 322 The same story is told by the Mohammedans: Weil, p. 90. 323 Gen. xxi. 24-27. 324 Numbers xxi. 16, 17. 325 Gen. xxi. 33. 326 The Mussulmans tell the story of Ishmael almost in every particular the same as that given below. 327 Exod. iv. 20. 328 Zech. ix. 9. 329 When King Sapor heard the R. Samuel explain that Messiah would come riding on an ass, the king said, “I will give him a horse; it is not seemly that he should ride an ass.” “What,” answered the Rabbi, “hast thou a horse with a hundred colors?” (Talmud, Tract. Sanhedrim, fol. 98, col. 1.) 330 The day is uncertain. Some say it was the 3d Nisan; others, it was the first of the seventh month, Tischri, New Year’s day; others, that it was the Day of Atonement. Some say Isaac’s age was 37; others say 36; others 26; others 25; others 16; others 13; others, again, say 5; and others say only 2 years. 331 In the Rabbinic tradition, the type of Christ comes out more distinctly than in Genesis, for here we see Isaac not merely offered by his father, but also giving himself as a free-will offering, immaculate without in his body, and within in his soul. 332 Might not these words be spoken mystically of Christ? 333 And these prophetic. Abraham means that God must take care of him in his old age. But they may also be taken by us thus, God must take thy place as the victim. 334 Here again—it may be fanciful—but I cannot help thinking we have the type continued of Christ’s presence perpetuated in the Church, in the Tabernacle in which the Host is reserved, that all passing by may look thereupon and worship, and “Remember Me” in the adorable Sacrament. With a vast amount of utterly unfounded fable, the Rabbinic traditions may, and probably do, contain much truth. 335 “If I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send Him unto you.” (John xvi. 7.) 336 This is one instance out of several in which the honorable and generous conduct of a Gentile is distorted by Rabbinical tradition; the later Rabbis being unwilling to give any but their own nation credit for liberal and just dealing. It may have been observed in the account of Abimelech, how the frank exchange of promises between Abraham and the Philistine prince was regarded by them as sinful. 337 Joshua i. 21. 338 2 Sam.v. 6; 1 Chron. xi. 4. 339 2 Sam.v. 8. 340 2 Sam. xxiv. 24; 1 Chron. xxi. 24. This is, however, in direct contravention of the account in the fifth chapter of the 2d Samuel. 341 Gen. xxiv. 34-49. 342 Gen. xxv. 2. 343 Gen. xxv. 4. 344 Tabari, i.c. lvii. 345 Weil, p. 98. 346 This the Targumim, or pharaphrases of the Sacred Text, distinctly say, “Melchizedek, who was Shem, son of Noah, king of Jerusalem.” (Etheridge, i.p. 199.) 347 Fabricius, Codex Pseud. V.T. t.i. p. 311. The Book of the Combat of Adam says Melchizedek was the son of Canaan. 348 Suidas, Lexic.s. v. ?e???sede?. 349 ?as??????, seu Chronicon Paschale a mundo condito ad Heraclii imp. ann. vicesimum. Ed. C. du Fresne du Cange; Paris, 1688, p. 49. 350 Michael Glycas, ????? ???????, ed. Labbe; Paris, 1660, p. 135. 351 Georgius Cedrenus, S? ????? ?st?????, ed. Goar; Paris, 1647. t. i.p. 27. 352 Josephus Ben-Gorion, lib. vi.c. 35, apud Fabricium, i.p. 326. 353 S. Epiphanius HÆresi, lv.c. 2. 354 Talmud, Tract. Bava Bathra. 355 Tabari, i.c. liii. 356 Tabari; Weil, Abulfeda, pp. 25-27, etc. 357 Or El Khoudr: he is identified in Arab legend with S. George and Elias. 358 Weil, pp. 94-6. 359 Tabari, i.p. 181 360 Maschmia Jeschua, fol. 19, col. 4. 361 Nezach Israel, fol. 25, col. 3. 362 Eisenmenger, ii. pp. 260, 304. 363 Gen. xxv. 22. 364 Jer.i. 5. 365 Bereschith Rabba, fol. 56, col. 2. 366 Eisenmenger, i.p. 646. 367 Ibid. 368 Ibid., pp. 650-1. 369 Targums, ed. Etheridge, i.p. 240. 370 Ibid., p. 241. 371 Ibid., also R. Bechai’s Comment. on the Five Books of Moses, fol. 35, col. 1. 372 Targum of Palestine and Jerusalem; Etheridge, i. 241, 242. The book Yaschar says the deed of transfer was written by Jacob on a leaf, and that he and Esau sealed it, p. 1151. 373 Eisenmenger, i.p. 651. 374 Gen. iii. 21. 375 Yaschar, p. 1150, where is the story of the assassination of Nimrod by Esau. 376 Ibid. 377 Eisenmenger, ii.p. 879. 378 Ibid., p. 262. 379 Targums, i.p. 250. 380 Targums, i.p. 252. 381 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. 35. 382 William Sanderson, Vita MariÆ, reg. Scot., et Jacobi, reg. Anglorum; also Beckmann, Notitiar. dignit. Dissert. 3, c.i. § 7. 383 The whole of the above is from the Targumim. 384 Jalkut Cadasch, fol. 81, col. 1; Yaschar, p. 1161 et seq. 385 Eisenmenger, i.p. 486. 386 Jalkut Rubeni, fol. 61, col. 3. 387 Jalkut Cadasch, fol. 91, col. 4. 388 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 272. 389 Jacob prepared three things against Esau—War, Gifts, and Prayer—as a token to all men that they must overcome evil by Resistance, by Alms, and by Supplication. (R. Bechai, Comm. on the Five Books of Moses, fol. 42, col. 4.) 390 Jalkut Rubeni, fol. 62, col. 2. 391 Bereschith rabba, fol. 71, col. 1 (70th Parascha). 392 Bereschith rabba, fol. 67, col. 1. 393 Jalkut Cadasch, fol. 90, col. 3. 394 Eisenmenger, i.p. 325. 395 Tabari, i.p. 206. 396 Gen. xxxiii. 20. 397 Jalkut Cadasch, fol. 91, col. 3. 398 Yaschar, pp. 1167, 1168. 399 D’ Herbelot, BibliothÈque Orientale, s.v. Ais, i.p. 142. 400 This was Sammael, and he complained to God that Jacob had neglected the duty of hospitality, therefore he was suffered to afflict him for a season. 401 Tabari, i.p. 210. 402 Targums, i.p. 287. 403 Tabari, i.p. 211. 404 Targums, i.p. 288. The account of the sale in Yaschar is very long, and full of details too numerous for insertion here (pp. 1185-8). 405 Tabari, i.p. 212. 406 Targums, i. 289. 407 Weil, p. 102. 408 Yaschar, tr. Drachs, p. 1192. 409 Tabari, i. pp. 213, 214. 410 Targums, i. 288. 411 Yaschar, pp. 1188-9; Parrascha Wajescheb. This touching incident is common to Rabbinic and Mussulman traditions. It has been gracefully versified by Dr. Le Heris, “Sagen aus der Orient;” Mannheim, 1852. 412 His name in Arabic is Aziz. 413 Zuleika is the name in Yaschar; it is that also given her by the Arabs. 414 Tract. Sota., fol. 36, col. 2. The original account of this final detail is too absurd and monstrous to be narrated more particularly. 415 Tabari, i.p. 217. 416 Yaschar, p. 1197. Nearly all these incidents in the life of Joseph are common to Jewish and Mussulman traditions. 417 Tabari, p. 220; Weil, p. 112; both taken from the Rabbinic story in Yaschar, p. 1195. 418 Weil, p. 113. 419 Targums, i. pp. 296-9; Midrash, fol. 45; Yaschar, p. 1200. 420 Midrash, fol. 45. 421 Weil, p. 116; Tabari, i.c. 44; Gen. xli.; Yaschar, pp. 1202-8. 422 This conclusion of the loves of Zuleika and Joseph completes the romance, and makes it a most popular subject for poets in the East. Both Jewish and Mussulman traditions give Zuleika a very different character from that which Holy Scripture leads one to attribute to her. 423 Midrash, Jalkut, fol. 46. 424 Midrash, Jalkut. fol. 46. 425 Weil, p. 122. 426 Tabari, i.p. 247; taken from the Rabbinic Yaschar (Sepher Hajaschar), p. 1226. 427 Midrash, Jalkut. fol. 47; Yaschar, p. 1225; Berescheth Rabba, fol. 84, col. 4. 428 Yaschar, p. 1226. 429 This was the shirt given Abraham by Gabriel, to preserve him from the fire into which Nimrod cast him; it was fragrant with the odors of Paradise. 430 Koran, Sura xii.; Tabari, i. pp. 250, 251. 431 Yaschar, p. 1227. 432 Vita Aseneth, filiÆ Potipharis; a Greek apocryphal book, in Fabricius, iii.p. 85. 433 Lib. de Mensuris et Ponderibus, § 10. 434 Ephes.v. 14. 435 Thess. ii. 16. 436 Commen. in Eph. loc. cit. 437 Prolog. infin. Duarum Hom. in Cant. Canticorum. 438 Matt. Paris, Chronicle, ed. Bohn, vol.i. pp. 437, 438. 439 T. i., pp. 496-759. 440 Koran, Sura xxxviii.v. 43-4. Job in Arabic is AÏub. 441 Eisenmenger, ii.p. 439. 442 Tabari, i.p. 256. 443 MaÏ (Angelus), Test. Job: RomÆ, 1839. 444 MaÏ (Angelus), Test. Job; RomÆ, 1839. 445 In the “Testament of Job” she is called Sitis. 446 Tabari, i.c. lxvi; Abulfeda, pp. 27-29. 447 Testament of Job. 448 Koran, Sura xxi.v. 83. 449 Koran, Sura xxxviii.v. 41. 450 Tabari, i.p. 263. 451 Koran, Sura xxxviii.v. 43. 452 Tabari, i.c. lxvii; Abulfeda p. 31. 453 The early portion of the life of Moses has been elaborated from Rabbinic sources by Dr. B. Beer. Unfortunately he died before the work was completed, and it has been published as a fragment by his friend, G. Wolf. It extends only as far as his marriage with Zipporoh. (Leben Moses nach Auffassung der JÜdischen Sage, von Dr. B. Beer; ein Fragment. Leipzig, 1863.) It is for the most part, compiled from the Sepher Hajascher, or Book of Jasher. 454 Yaschar, pp. 1241-53. The history of Zepho is quite a romance, too long for insertion here. 455 Yaschar, pp. 1248, 1249; 1253, 1254. 456 Ibid., p. 1255. 457 Midrash, fol. 51; Yaschar, p. 1157. 458 Midrash, Jalkut, fol. 52; Yaschar, pp. 1257-9. 459 The curious passages, Isaiah vii. 15, 22, may allude to this tradition. 460 Moses’ life was shortened because he brought water out of the rock contrary to God’s command (Numb xxvii. 14), striking the rock instead of speaking to it. 461 Beer, pp. 112-6. 462 Some authorities say that Jochebed, when thrust away, married Eliphazan, the son of Parnach (Numb. xxxiv. 25), and bare him two sons, Eldad and Medad (Numb. xi. 15); but others, with more probability, assert that she married Eliphazan after the death of Amram. (Yaschar, p. 1259.) 463 Yaschar, p. 1260. 464 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 446. 465 Rabboth, fol. 118 a. 466 Exod. xv. 1. 467 The Arabic name for her is Asia; Yaschar, p. 1261. 468 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 446; Yaschar, p. 1261. 469 Midrash, fol. 51. 470 Midrash, fol. 51; Yaschar, p. 1262. 471 Midrash, fol. 52; Yaschar, p. 1263. 472 According to another version, it was Jethro who advised that the child should be proved with the basins of rubies and coals (Rabboth, fol. 118 b; Yaschar, pp. 1263, 1264). 473 Exod. iv. 10. 474 Beer, pp. 26-42. Abulfaraj says that Jannes and Jambres were the tutors of Moses in his youth (Hist. Dynast., p. 17). 475 Yaschar, p. 1265. 476 Yaschar, p. 1265. 477 Ibid., p. 1263. 478 Parascha of R. Solomon Jaschi, on Exod. ii. 12; also Targums of Palestine and Jerusalem, i.p. 447; Yaschar, pp. 1265, 1266. 479 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. 40; Rabboth, fol. 119 a; Yaschar, p. 1266. 480 This illustrates the passage 2 Kings ix. 13. 481 Midrash, fol. 52; Yaschar, pp. 1265-1274. 482 These were two of his seven names. 483 It may be noticed in this as in several other instances, such as those of Rebekah and Rachel, the Rabbis have invented stories to explain the circumstance of the damsels watering the flock, which they supposed derogated from their dignity. This indicates the late date of these traditions, when the old pastoral simplicity was lost. 484 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. 40; Yaschar, p. 1274. 485 The Targum of Palestine, “ten years;” i.p. 448. 486 Beer, pp. 42-02; Pirke R. Eliezer. The Targum of Palestine says the rod was in the chamber of Jethro, not in the garden; i.p. 448. Yaschar, pp. 1277, 1278. 487 Rabbot., fol. 120 a. It is possible that our Blessed Lord’s parable of the Good Shepherd may contain an allusion to this popular and beautiful tradition. 488 Gen. iii. 4. It was the angel Zagnugael who appeared and spoke to him from the bush. (Targum of Palestine, i.p. 449; Abulfeda, p. 31.) 489 Exod. iv. 14. 490 Tabari, i.c. lxxiii.p. 24. 491 Midrash, fol. 54. 492 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 460. 493 Yaschar, p. 1280. 494 Tabari, p. 326. 495 Some say that Pharaoh entreated Moses to spare him for the sake of Asia (Bithia), and that at the mention of his name Moses was softened (Weil, p. 159) 496 In Arabic, Risam and Rijam; and Shabun and Gabun, in Persian. 497 Midrash, fol. 56. The Targums say that the enchanters turned the water of Goshen into blood, so that there was no water to the Israelites as to the Egyptians; i.p. 462. 498 Midrash, fol. 55. 499 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 463. 500 Venomous insects (Kalma), gnats (Kinnim). See Wisdom xvi. 1, 3. 501 Targums, i. 464. 502 Targums, i.p. 467. 503 Ibid., i.p. 471. 504 Yaschar, p. 1283. 505 Tabari, i.p. 338. 506 Weil, p. 165. 507 Talmud, Sota, fol. 13. 508 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 1478. 509 Targums, i.p. 475. 510 Ibid., i.p. 485. 511 Targum of Jerusalem, i. 488; Yaschar, p. 1287. 512 Exod. xiv. 13, 14. 513 Koran, Sura xxvi.v. 63. 514 Weil, p. 168; see also Midrash, fol. 176. 515 Exod. xv. 21. 516 Tabari, p. 350. 517 Tabari, i.p. 355. 518 Both the Rabbis and the Mussulmans lay the blame, not on Aaron, but on another. The Rabbis say it was Micah who made the calf; the Mussulmans call him Samiri. (Weil, p. 170.) 519 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 552. 520 Tabari, i.p. 362. 521 Targum of Palestine, ii.p. 685. 522 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. 45. 523 Weil, pp. 172, 173. 524 Koran, Sura vii.v. 139. 525 Tabari, i.p. 364. 526 Ibid., i.c. lxxv. 527 Targum of Palestine, i.p. 561. 528 Jalkut Rubeni, fol. 117, col. 1. 529 Jalkut Rubeni, fol. 107, cols. 2, 3. 530 Jalkut Rubeni, fol. 107, col. 3. 531 Tabari, i.p. 371; also Midrash, fol. 30. 532 Parascha R. Bechai, fol. 116. 533 Talmud, Tract. Hajada, fol. 12, col. 2. 534 Talmud, Tract. Joma, fol. 75, col. 1. 535 This is sanctioned by Scripture: “Thou feddest Thine own people with angels’ food, and didst send them from heaven bread prepared without their labor, able to content every man’s delight, and agreeing to every taste.” (Wisdom, xvi. 20.) 536 Talmud, Tract. Joma, fol. 75, col. 1; Schemoth Rabba, fol. 115, col. 4. 537 To this tradition perhaps David refers, Ps. xxiii. 5, lxxviii. 19. 538 Targum of Palestine, i. pp. 499, 500. 539 Jalkut Shimoni, fol. 73, col. 4. 540 Targum of Palestine, i. pp. 501, 502. 541 Tabari, i.p. 393. 542 Koran, Sura ii.v. 54. 543 Tabari, i.p. 394; but also Deut. viii. 4, Nehemiah ix. 21. 544 1 Cor.x. 4. 545 Tabari, i.p. 373. 546 See my “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages,” article on S. George. I have no doubt whatever that El Khoudr, identified by the Jews with Elias, is the original of the Wandering Jew. I did not know this when I wrote on the “Wandering Jew” in my “Curious Myths,” but I believe this to be the key to the whole story. 547 Weil, pp. 176-81; Tabari, i.c. lxxvi.; Koran, Sura xviii. 548 Voltaire has taken this legend as the basis of his story of “Zadig.” 549 Targums, ii. pp. 380, 381. 550 Weil, p. 175. 551 Targums, ii.p. 382. 552 Weil, p. 176. 553 Targums, ii.p. 386. 554 Tract. Kethuvoth, fol. 111, col. 2. 555 Targums, ii.p. 391. 556 Targum of Palestine, ii.p. 390. 557 Tabari, i.c. lxxvii.; Weil, pp. 182, 183; Abulfeda, p. 33. 558 Eisenmenger, ii.p. 305. Possibly the passage Zech. ix. 11, 12, may contain an allusion to this tradition. 559 Eisenmenger, ii.p. 305. 560 Pirke R. Eliezer, c. 45. 561 Perhaps the passage Isai. xl. 4 may be an allusion to this tradition. 562 Talmud, Tract. Beracoth, fol. 54, col. 2; Targum of Palestine, ii., pp. 411-13. 563 Talmud, Tract. Beracoth, fol. 54, col. 2; Targums, ii.p. 416; Yraschar, p. 1296. 564 Talmud, Tract. Sopherim, fol. 42, col. 2. 565 Ibid., Tract. Nida, fol. 24, col. 2. 566 Jalkut Cadasch, fol. 16, col. 2. 567 Eisenmenger, i.p. 389. 568 Talmud, Tract. Sopherim, fol. 14, col. 4. 569 Tabari, i.p. 398. 570 Gen. xxxi. 51. 571 Targums, ii. pp. 419-21. 572 Targums, ii. pp. 432-3. 573 Ibid., pp. 434-5. 574 Jalkut, fol. 240; Rabboth, fol. 275, col. 1; Midrash, fol. 285. 575 Weil, p. 185. 576 Tabari, i.c. lxxix.; Abulfeda, p. 35. 577 Rabboth, fol. 302 b; Devarim Rabba, fol. 246, col. 2. 578 Weil, pp. 188, 189. 579 Weil, p. 190. 580 Rabboth, fol. 302 b. 581 Weil, pp. 190, 191. 582 Lyra Anglicana, London, 1864, “The burial of Moses.” 583 Talmud, Tract. Sota, fol. 14 a. 584 Tabari, i.p. 396. 585 Talmud of Jerusalem; Tract. Terumoth. 586 Josh. vii. 1-5. 587 Tabari, i.p. 402. 588 Koran, Sura ii.v. 55, 56. 589 Tabari, p. 404. 590 Tabari, p. 401. 591 Ibid., p. 404. 592 Berescheth Rabba. 593 The Mussulmans say KhasqÎl or Ezechiel. 594 Judges i. 4. 595 Tabari, i.p. 404. 596 Eisenmenger, i.p. 395. 597 Hist. Dynast., p. 24. 598 Tabari, i.c. lxxxvii. 599 D’Herbelot, Bibl. Orient., s.v. Aschmouil. 600 Koran, Sura ii.v. 247, 248. 601 Koran, Sura ii.v. 248. 602 D’Herbelot, Bibl. Orientale, t.i. p. 263. 603 Tabari, i.p. 417. 604 This incident, from the apocryphal gospels of the childhood of Christ, shall be related in the Legendary Lives of New Testament Characters. 605 Weil, pp. 193-8. 606 Koran, Sura ii.v. 250. 607 Tabari, i.p. 418. 608 Perhaps the Passage in Psalm cvii. 35 may refer to this miracle, unrecorded in Holy Scripture. 609 Weil, pp. 200, 201. 610 Koran, Sura ii.v. 251. 611 Weil, p. 203. 612 Tabari, i.p. 421. 613 Ibid. 614 Tabari, i.p. 422; Weil, pp. 202-4; D’Herbelot, i.p. 362. 615 Weil, pp. 205-8. 616 Tabari, i.p. 423. The same story is told of the escape of S. Felix of Nola, in the Decian persecution. 617 Tabari, p. 429. 618 Weil, p. 207. 619 Tabari, i.p. 424. 620 Ps. li. 5. 621 Midrash, fol. 204, col. 1. 622 Ps. cxviii. 22. 623 See the story in the Legends of Adam. 624 Zohar, in Bartolocci, i. fol. 85, col. 2. 625 Jalkut, fol. 32, col. 2 (Parasch. 2, numb. 134). 626 Ibid. (Parasch. 2, numb. 127). 627 1 Sam. xvii. 43. 628 2 Sam. iii. 29. 629 Zohar, in Bartolocci, i. fol. 99, col. 1. 630 Talmud, Tract. Sanhedrim, fol. 107. 631 1 Kings ii. 11. 632 2 Sam.v. 5. 633 Bartolocci, i.f. 100. 634 1 Sam. xxiv. 4. 635 Bartolocci, i.f. 122. col. 1. 636 1 Kings i. 1. 637 Bartolocci, i.f. 122. col. 2. 638 Ps. lvii. 9; Bartolocci, i. fol. 125, col. 2. 639 Talmud, Tract. Sota, fol. 10 b 640 Ps. xxii. 21. 641 Midrash Tillim, fol. 21, col. 2. 642 Eisenmenger, i.p. 409. 643 Ps. xviii. 36. 644 Ps. lv. 6. 645 Ps. lxviii. 13. 646 Talmud, Tract. Sanhedrim, fol. 95, col 1. 647 Tract. Sabbath, fol. 30, col. 2. 648 Tabari, i.p. 426; Weil, p. 208. 649 Weil, p. 207. 650 Tabari, p. 428. 651 The Arabs call her Saga. 652 The story in the Talmud is almost the same, with this difference: Bathsheba was washing herself behind a beehive, then the beautiful bird perched on the hive, and David shot an arrow at it and broke the hive, and exposed Bathsheba to view. In the Rabbinic tale, David had asked for the gift of prophecy, and God told him he must be tried. This he agreed to, and the temptation to adultery was that sent him. (Talmud, Tract. Sanhedrim, fol. 107, col. 2; Jalkut, fol. 22, col. 2). 653 Koran, Sura xxxviii. 654 Weil, pp. 212, 213. 655 Weil, pp. 213-224. 656 Greek text, and Latin translation in Fabricius; Pseudigr. Vet. Test. t. ii. pp. 905-7. 657 ?????? ???????; Amst. 1703. 658 Solomon was twelve years old when he succeeded David. (Abulfeda, p. 43; Bartolocci, iv.p. 371.) 659 Weil, pp. 225-231; Eisenmenger, p. 440, etc. 660 Weil, pp. 231-4. 661 The story of the building of the temple, with the assistance of Schamir, has been already related by me in my “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages.” 662 The Rabbinic story and the Mussulman are precisely the same, with the difference that Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, instead of the Jinns, lies in ambush and captures Sachr or Aschmedai (Asmodeus). (Eisenmenger, i. 351-8.) As I have given the Jewish version in my “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages,” I give the Arab story here. 663 Weil, pp. 234-7; Talmud, Tract. Gittin. fol. 68, cols. 1, 2. 664 Jalkut Schimoni, fol. 90, col. 4. 665 Tabari, i.p. 435. 666 Tabari, i.p. 436. 667 Koran, Sura xxvii.; Tabari, i.c. xxviii.; Weil, pp. 237-9. 668 The Jews also believed in a purgatory; see Bartolocci, i. 342. 669 Targum Scheni Esther, fol. 401 tells the same of the moorcock. 670 This is the letter according to Rabbinic authors: “Greeting to thee and to thine; from me, King Solomon. It is known to thee that the holy, ever-blessed God has made me lord and king over the wild beasts and birds of heaven, and over the devils, and spirits, and ghosts of the night, and that all kings, from the rising to the down-setting of the sun, come and greet me. If thou also wilt come and salute me, then I will show thee great honor above all the kings that lie prostrate before me. But if thou wilt not come, and wilt not salute me, then will I send kings, and soldiers, and horsemen against thee. And if thou sayest in thine heart, ‘Hath King Solomon kings, and soldiers, and horsemen?’ then know that the wild beasts are his kings, and soldiers, and horsemen. And if thou sayest, ‘What, then, are his horsemen?’ know that the birds of heaven are his horsemen. His army are ghosts, and devils, and spectres of the night; and they shall torment and slay you at night in your beds, and the wild beasts will rend you in the fields, and the birds will tear the flesh of you.” This letter, the Jews say, was sent to the Queen of Sheba by a moorcock. (Targum Scheni Esther, fol. 401, 440). 671 According to another account, “that she had ass’s legs” (Weil, p. 267). Tabari says, “hairy legs” (i.p. 441). 672 Weil, pp. 246-267; Tabari, i. cc. 94, 95. 673 Weil, pp. 267-9. 674 Tabari, i.c. xcvi.p. 448. 675 Weil, pp. 269-271; Tabari, pp. 450, 451. 676 Koran, Sura xxxviii. 677 Tabari, pp. 460, 461. 678 In the Jewish legend, Asmodeus. In “Curiosities of Olden times” I have pointed out the connection between the story of the disgrace of Solomon and that of Nebuchadnezzar, Jovinian, Robert of Sicily, etc. 679 Deut. xvii. 16, 17. 680 Emek Nammelek, fol. 14; Gittin, fol. 68, col. 2; Eisenmenger, i. pp. 358-60. The Anglo-Saxon story of Havelock the Dane bears a strong resemblance to this part of the story of Solomon. 681 Eisenmenger, i. pp. 358-60; Weil, pp. 271-4; Tabari, c. 96. 682 Weil, p. 274. 683 Eisenmenger, i. 361. 684 Tabari, p. 454. 685 Koran, Sura xxxiv.; Tabari, c. 97; Weil, p. 279. 686 Tabari, i.c. 84. 687 Das Buch der Sagen und Legenden jÜdischer Yorzeit, p. 45; Stuttgardt, 1845. 688 Herbelot, Bibl. Orient., s.v. Zerib, iii.p. 607. 689 Gemara, Avoda Sara, c.i. fol. 65. 690 Anabasticon, iv. 2-12. 691 Anabasticon, v. 1-14. 692 Tract. Jebammoth, c. 4. 693 Exod. xxxiii. 20. 694 Isai. vi. 1. 695 Deut. iv. 7. 696 Isai. lv. 6. 697 Tabari, i.c. 83. 698 Bartolocci, i.p. 848. 699 Sura, ii. 700 Herbelot, BibliothÈque Orientale, iii.p. 89. 701 Abulfaraj, p. 57. 702 Hist. Eccles. lib. ix. cap. ult. 703 Ibid., lib. xiv.c. 8. |
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