The Assemble of Goddes

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EARLY TRADE ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST.

NEW ENGLAND INDIAN TRADE.

INDIAN TRADE IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES.

INDIAN TRADE IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES.

NORTHWESTERN RIVER SYSTEMS IN THEIR RELATION TO THE FUR TRADE.

WISCONSIN INDIANS. [66]

PERIODS OF THE WISCONSIN INDIAN TRADE.

FRENCH EXPLORATION IN WISCONSIN.

FRENCH POSTS IN WISCONSIN.

THE FOX WARS.

FRENCH SETTLEMENT IN WISCONSIN.

THE TRADERS' STRUGGLE TO RETAIN THEIR TRADE.

THE ENGLISH AND THE NORTHWEST. INFLUENCE OF THE INDIAN TRADE ON DIPLOMACY.

THE NORTHWEST COMPANY.

AMERICAN INFLUENCES.

GOVERNMENT TRADING HOUSES.

WISCONSIN TRADE IN 1820. [221]

CHAPTER III SAMHAIN

CHAPTER IV POMONA

CHAPTER V THE COMING OF CHRISTIANITY. ALL SAINTS'. ALL SOULS'

CHAPTER VI ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF HALLOWE'EN OMENS

CHAPTER VII HALLOWE'EN BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS IN IRELAND

CHAPTER VIII IN SCOTLAND AND THE HEBRIDES

CHAPTER IX IN ENGLAND AND MAN

CHAPTER X IN WALES

CHAPTER XI IN BRITTANY AND FRANCE

CHAPTER XII THE TEUTONIC RELIGION. WITCHES

CHAPTER XIII WALPURGIS NIGHT

CHAPTER XIV MORE HALLOWTIDE BELIEFS AND CUSTOMS

CHAPTER XV HALLOWE'EN IN AMERICA

Magazine References to Hallowe'en Entertainments

Supplementary List of Readings, Recitations, and Plays

INDEX TO QUOTATIONS

Transcriber's note: Until recently this work was attributed to John Lydgate, but now most scholars consider that the author is unknown. The first mention of Lydgate's authorship of this work was made by Stephen Hawes in 1505 as one of Lydgate's seven major works. But many scholars have doubted over the years that this poem was written by Lydgate, because the style used doesn't greatly resemble the style of Lydgate's other works, and the vocabulary is somewhat more modern than Lydgate is known to have used. Modern scholars believe that this work was written between 1478 and 1483 (about forty years after Lydgate's death). Analysis of style and vocabulary have led scholars to conclude that the author might have been a woman. For further information about this poem please see The Assembly of Gods, edited by Jane Chance, published by Medieval Institute Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1999, ISBN: 1580440223, which is also available online at Rochester University.

The book from which this e-book was transcribed is a fascimile reprint of the third printing of this book, made by Wynkyn de Worde circa 1500. The book was printed in blackletter font known as Wynkyn de Worde's type 3, and uses many abbreviations, which I have expanded and rendered in italics. The abbreviations used in this book are:

  • e{n}, o{m}, p{re}, q{ue}, r{e}—Macron over the letter. The most common one, usually meaning missing "n" or "m" after the letter. But in some cases might also mean missing "e", "er" or "re" after the letter. This happens usually when p, q or r have macrons.
  • {the}—Little e over Middle-English thorn, meaning "the."
  • {that}—Little t over Middle-English thorn, meaning "that."
  • {thou}—Little u over Middle-English thorn, meaning "thou."
  • {with}—Little t over w, meaning "with."
  • {with}—Middle-English yogh, representing "gh."
  • n{us}—Superscripted 9 after letter, meaning missing "us." Used only at the end of the word.
  • o{re}—Superscripted 2 after letter, meaning missing "e", "er" or "re." Used only at the end of the word.
  • {i}s—Stretched s, looking like integral sign, meaning missing "e" or "i" before letter s.
  • d{er}, e{re}, t{er}, u{er}—Dot over the letter, meaning missing "e", "er" or "re" after the letter. Usually used with d, t, e and u. Combination q+d with dot means "quod."
  • p{ro}, s{er}, v{er}—Strike through letter, meaning missing "e", "er" or "re" after the letter. Usually used with p, v and s. Striked through p might also mean missing "ro" or "or" after p.

Occasionally there were some letters printed upside down. I have rendered them inside brackets, e.g., [x]. The poem uses two types of punctuation--a dot, meaning longer pause, and a slash, meaning shorter pause or comma. I have corrected many errors and noted them. Also this printing was missing three lines and one line had several letters missing from the middle of the line. They are marked and the correct reading is supplied from the modern edition mentioned above. There were a couple of places where the word "nota" or "note" was printed, but the actual notes weren't found in this reprint. There's a fair chance that those notes were never printed. The original page images are displayed on the left margin and each links to a larger view.


The assemble of goddes

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