  LIII. When we quote without any change the words of another person, they are enclosed within inverted commas. If they are quoted in the indirect form, or if we quote merely the substance, and neglect the exact words, inverted commas are not used. Thereupon the mob bursts in and inquires, "What are you doing for the people?" Thereupon the mob bursts in and inquires what you are doing for the people. He says: "There is no property of any description, if it be rightfully held, which had not its foundation in labour." He frequently calls them "absurd," and applies to them such epithets as "jargon," "fustian," and the like. The last sentence might be written without inverted commas. By using them we call special So, in a passage quoted in the indirect form, if part be quoted exactly, it is placed within inverted commas. The Duke of Portland warmly approved of the work, but justly remarked that the king was not "so absolute a thing of straw" as he was represented in it. Words referred to simply as words are either placed within inverted commas or put in italics. The word "friendship," in the sense we commonly mean by it, is not so much as named in the New Testament. LIV. When a quotation is interrupted, as in the report of a conversation, each continuous part of the quotation is enclosed within inverted commas. "Pardon me, madam," answered Henry, "it was of one Silas Morton I spoke." "What have you done?" said one of Balfour's brother officers. "My duty," said Balfour firmly. "Is it not written, 'Thou shalt be zealous even to slaying'?" Some writers use the single commas in ordinary cases. For the inner quotation they would then use the double commas. LVI. A word that is not classical English, or is used in a sense in which it is not classical English, is either enclosed within inverted commas or italicized. Those that have "located" (located) previous to this period are left in undisputed possession, provided they have improved the land. Before long, Beckey received not only "the best" foreigners (as the phrase is in our noble and admirable society slang), but some of "the best" English people too. Foreign words are always italicized. (Rule LXIV.) LVII. The titles of books, of essays, and of other compositions; the names of periodicals; and the names of ships, are either enclosed within inverted commas or italicized. In these "Miscellanies" was first published the "Art of Sinking in Poetry," which, by such a train of consequences as usually passes in literary quarrels, gave in a short time, according to Pope's account, occasion to the "Dunciad." The "Emily St Pierre" (or Emily St Pierre), a British ship, was captured on the 18th March, 1862. It appeared in the "London Gazette" (or London Gazette). The names of periodicals and of ships are more often written in italics than enclosed within inverted commas. LVIII. If a quotation contains a question, the point of interrogation stands within the inverted commas. In a voice which was fascination itself, the being addressed me, saying, "Wilt thou come with me? Wilt thou be mine?" LIX. If an interrogative sentence ends with a quotation, the point of interrogation stands outside the inverted commas. What does this honourable person mean by "a tempest that outrides the wind"? Observe how in the example given under Rule LV. the point of interrogation stands within the LX. If an interrogative sentence ends with a quotation which is itself interrogatory, the point of interrogation is placed outside the inverted commas. Hast thou never cried, "What must I do to be saved"? The reason is, that the question to be answered is not the quoted question, but "hast thou never cried?" No writer has been bold enough to insert two points of interrogation. LXI. The last three rules apply also to exclamatory sentences. (1) But I boldly cried out, "Woe unto this city!" (2) Alas, how few of them can say, "I have striven to the very utmost"! (3) How fearful was the cry: "Help, or we perish"! LXII. Where an interrogative sentence ends with a quotation of an exclamatory nature, or an exclamatory sentence ends with a quotation of an interrogative nature, Do you remember who it was that wrote "Whatever England's fields display, The fairest scenes are thine, Torbay!"? How much better to cease asking the question, "What would he have done in different circumstances?"! Where inverted commas are not used, it seems sufficient to have only one point, which must be the one required by the whole sentence, not by the quotation. Do you remember the passage where Burke alludes to the old warning of the Church—Sursum corda? |
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