1. (n.) One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.

2. (n.) One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. (n.) An alchemist.

Abelard Albertus Magnus Albinus Alexander Anaxagoras Anselm Averroist Bacon Berkeleian Berkeley Boethius Bonaventure Boodin Bosanquet Bowne Broad Bruno Cartesian Chubb Cicero Comtist Condillac Condorcet Confucius Cousin Croce Cynic Cyrenaic Drake Eleatic Epicurean Eretrian Euhemerus Fechner Feigl Ferdinand Fichtean Frege Fullerton Gentile Gilson Green Haeckel Hahn Haldane Harris Hartmann Hegel Hegelian Heidegger Heideggerian Heraclitean Heraclitus Herbart Herbartian Herder Hobbes Holt Howison Hume Humist Husserl Husserlian Hutcheson John Kantian Kierkegaard Kierkegaardian La Mettrie Langer Leibniz Leibnizian Leucippus Locke Lotze Lovejoy Lucretius Mach Marx Marxist Mead Megarian Mencius Mill Moore Moses Neo-Hegelian Neo-Pythagorean Neoplatonist Ockham Ortega y Gasset Paley Parmenidean Parmenides Pascal Peripatetic Perry Philo Plato Platonist Plotinus Porphyry Pratt Pritchard Protagoras Pyrrho Pyrrhonist Pythagoras Pythagorean Reid Reynaud Roger Rogers Ross Rousseau Royce Russell Samuel Santayana Sartre Sartrian Scheler Schelling Schiller Schleiermacher Schlick Scholastic Schopenhauer Scotist Sellars Socrates Socratist Sophist Spencerian Spinozist Stern Stoic Strong Thales Thomas Aquinas Thomist Whitehead Wittgensteinian academician agnostic animist authority bookman casuist classicist clerk colossus of knowledge cosmologist cosmotheist deist dialectical materialist dialectician doctor dualist eclectic egoist elder elder statesman empiricist essentialist existentialist genius giant of learning great soul guru hedonist humanist hylomorphist hylotheist hylozoist idealist illuminate immaterialist individualist intellect intellectual intuitionist learned clerk learned man literary man litterateur logical empiricist logicaster logician logistician lover of learning lover of wisdom mahatma man of intellect man of learning man of letters man of wisdom mandarin master mastermind materialist mechanist mentalist mentor metaphysician mine of information monist mystic naturalist nominalist ontologist oracle organic mechanist organicist panpsychist pantheist philologist philologue philomath philosophaster philosophe philosophizer physicist polyhistor polymath positivist pragmatist psychist pundit rabbi ratiocinator rationalist rationalizer realist reasoner rishi sage sapient savant scholar scholastic schoolman secular humanist seer sensationalist sensist skeptic sophist speculator starets student substantialist syllogist syllogizer