(n.) Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia.

Dalai Lama Holy Roman Emperor Inca Kaiser ardri beg beglerbeg burgrave cacique caesar cham collector czar dey eparch exarch gauleiter governor governor-general kaid khan khedive lieutenant governor mikado nabob nawab negus padishah palatine pendragon pharaoh proconsul provincial rig sachem sagamore satrap shah sheikh shogun stadtholder subahdar tenno tetrarch tycoon vali vice-king viceroy wali