SURGICAL LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS.

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There are many references throughout the books to the Lectures and Demonstrations of Anatomy at our Hall, as well as indications that from the period of Incorporation (1462), if not earlier, the Company took care to provide for the professional education of its members and apprentices, and to increase their proficiency in Surgical science.

The initial letter T is reduced from one in the Audit Book, 1612–13.

In addition to the Examiners in Surgery (who though not necessarily members of the Court of Assistants were often consulted by the Masters or Governors) there were chosen “Masters and Stewards of the Anatomy,” generally two Masters and two Stewards, on whom devolved the duty of conducting the Demonstrations, and arranging for the Dinners which invariably followed. The exact duties of these officials are not at all times clearly defined, though elsewhere will be found allusions to, and orders concerning their offices and functions, but it may be generally taken that the Stewards dissected and prepared the body, the Masters reading the Lectures thereon to the assembled Surgeons and their apprentices.

These Demonstrations usually took place four times in the year, and were termed “Public Anatomies,” from the fact that the subject was generally a public body, i.e., a malefactor, and the attendance of the free Surgeons was compulsory on these occasions; besides these Public Anatomies, there were also an indefinite number of “Private Anatomies” held at the Hall, and at these the attendance was by invitation. It was illegal for any one to dissect a “humane bodye” within the limits of the Company’s jurisdiction without the permission of the Masters or Governors, and whenever a Surgeon was desirous to anatomatize some specially interesting subject, it was termed a “Private Anatomy,” and generally performed at the Hall by permission, the Surgeon inviting his own friends and pupils, and the Court inviting whom they chose. (See the curious entry as to a Private Anatomy, page 321.)

Besides the Demonstrations of Anatomy, public and private, there were several other lectures delivered (oftentimes once a week) by members of the College of Physicians and members of the Company; two of these, which were trusts, the Arrisian Lecture and Gale’s Anatomy still survive I believe, at the Royal College of Surgeons; the others were provided by the Company out of their corporate funds.

FAC-SIMILE PAGE OF MINUTE BOOK. 16TH JANUARY, 1567.

Among some loose papers at the Hall, I found a MS. relating to the lectures, which I lent to Mr. D’Arcy Power, who incorporated it in his work, as “Appendix M.” I have since compared this document with the original minutes, and finding it somewhat incorrect and imperfect, have prepared the following more accurate account.

Previous to 1566 Dr. William Cunningham was Reader at the Hall. He was author of the “Cosmographical Glasse containing the pleasant principles of Cosmographie Geographie Hydrographie or Navigation,” London, 1599. fo. Dr. Cunningham resided at Norwich 1556–9, whence he removed to London. He wrote a letter prefacing John Hall’s book against the “beastlye abusers” of Surgery, which is dated at Coleman Street, 18th April, 1565, and he also wrote a recommendatory letter in Thomas Gale’s “Certeine workes of Chirurgerie,” London, 1586. 4to.

14th January, 1567. Here was mr doctor Julyo & he made request yt he myghte have the worke of the anathomy these iiijor or fyve yeres so yt the coledge of the phicysions sholde not put hym frome us & also yt he myghte have p?vat anathomyes at his demaund in this howse.

16th January, 1567. How that doctor Julius borgarneyns shall make owr
anathomyes.

Also forder more It ys ordayned. That Mr Julius borgarniens doctor in physyck wthin the Cytie of London unto his request accordyngly Is graunted That for and by the space of fyve yeres shall make and worke owr anathomyes and skellytons Condycionally That at any Tyme and tymes wthin in the for saide terme of fyve yeres yt yf yt happen the above named mr doctor Julius borgarneins to be sycke or oute of Towne or by any other manner his Lawfull absence That then yt shalbe Lawfull to and for the mr and gov?nors and yr successors To take any other doctor and make owr anathomyes and skellytons and not ell? other wyse as by a paire of Indentures and Covenant? bearynge date frome the xiijth daye of August in ano dni 1566 and in the viijth yere of owr Sov?aigne lady Quene Elyzabeth as by the same Indentures more at large yt doth testefye the one beyng sealed wth the Seale of the mystery and the mr and gov?nors for the tyme then beinge have subscrybed yr names & markes and unto the othr Indenture the saide doctor Julius burgarniens hath subscrybed his name & have put yr unto his seale.

How that the anathomyst? shall Leave of theyre Excessyve and
extraordenary charges in yr expenc?

Also yt is ordayned. That John morland shall abyde and stande Mr of the Anathomye accordynge unto an ordenaÑce in that behalf p?vyded and Ordayned, and he also shall beare his portion of the Charges of the same accordingly as hertofore yt hathe bene usually acostomed and yt is fully condesended and agreed that the saide John morelande shall in and for good consideraciÕ of his silvered yeres, set and Requyer any one of this saide CÕpany To make Sexcions wth the doctor as hymsylf and in his behalf upon the saide Corps or bodye and yf he wyll And also forder more yt is ordayned by thaucthorytie aforesaide That hereafter the saide mr and steward? of the anathomyes shall not brynge in theyre accomptes any moÑy by them or any of them spente or layed forthe at the Tavernes or ell? where at theire sondry meting? but the mere and only exspenc? defrayed and paide oute for the Gates and other necessarys at the hall p?pared for the same tyme and not ell? otherwyse And also the saide anathomist? shall frome hence forward? put of and laye aparte theire Sooppars223 and all others yr wastefull and excessyve charges and exspence? by the wch theire accompt? amounteth unto the greter Som~es. And also John Staple upon his humble request made is lycenced not to be stewarde in this yere, and mr bovy is chosen and admytted to be stewarde of the saide anathomy and shall also p?cede to mr of the nexte224 unto order accordingly.

17th January, 1575. It was agreed by this whole howse that mr doctor Smythe sholde work upon Thannatomye for the space of thies iiij yeres next coming and yf he be sick or oute of the Towne to take there choyse where they will.

20th December, 1577. Mr Thomas Hall to desect the Anatomies.

Thomas Hall (see pp. 183, 187) was a Member of the Court of Assistants, and a brother of the John Hall referred to on p.314.

1st July, 1596. Mr Doctor Paddy ys chosen to be the desector of or Anathomies yf yt shall pleas him to accept of the same And also xxs ys geven yerelie to the Anathomist? more then they were accustomed to have in regard that suche Doctors of Phisick as shall associate the said Mr Doctor shalbe invited to dyner at the good liking of the masters or governors from tyme to tyme.

23rd November, 1609. Att this Court upon the motion made by Sr William Paddy Knighte and at his earnest request and suite made to this Courte and uppon the surrenderinge up of his place which he held for the redinge of the Anathomyes lectures for discection thereof It is by a generall consent of the whole Courte agreed That Mr Doctor Gwyn doctor in Phisicke shall from henceforth possesse his place in the Hall for readinge of the discection of the Anathomy Att such tymes and when as any such shall happen or be.

28th March, 1610. This day wee had the bodie of one ...... to descect for an Anotomy & Mr Docter Gwyn did reede upon the same.

17th September, 1612. This daye itt is ordered (upon a motion by the Mr propounded touchinge that one of the Colledge shold read in this howse the weeklie lectures of Surgery on Tewsdaies) That the Mrs shall conferr with Mr President of the Phisitions Colledge to see whether they will give Consent that Mr Doctor Davis or some other sufficient phisition whome the company shall please shall read the weeklie lectures in or howse And yf the president & Colledge shall not consent thereto then this howse is to deale & compound with some other of our owne company to read their lecture in this howse whereof ye Mrs are to make certificatt unto the said Mr President And to take such order that the howse maye not in anywise be charged towards ye same Lecture.

6th October, 1612. This daie upon the motion made of Mr Doctor Gwyne to be lecturer Itt is by this Court ordered that the said Mr Doctor Gwyne shalbe reader of the weekelie lectures of surgery wch the said Mr Doctor accepted of In Considerac?on whereof the Mrs have allowed unto the said Mr Doctor Gwyne an yerelie paymt of xli to contynew soe long as he shall be reder of the lecture.

19th September, 1616. Mr Doctor Gwyne is by this Court ordered & entreated that he wold proceed in his reading of or lectures out of Gwydoes Surgery.

13th December, 1627. Alsoe this daye or Mr propounding to this Courte that where as Mr Doctor Gwin our lecturer is lately dead by reason whereof wee are destitute of a lecturer it is very expedient either to choose a Doctor to Reade our lectures on tuesdayes or every Surgion in his turne according to his antiquitye to reade his lecture as formerly the Surgions of this house hath bene used, whereupon deliberac?on being had it is by this Court fully concluded and agreed that our weekely lectures shalbe reade according to the auncient custome of the Companie by the Surgions of our Companie approved according to lawe and that it shall begin with the auncientest Maister Mr Richard Mapes and soe after every Surgion in his antiquitye and degree in the Companie.

Alsoe it is further ordered that dureing the tyme of reading of such lecture none of the audience shall interrupt or question the reader till the hower be runn out, and the lecture ended, at which tyme it shalbe lawfull for the Mrs and Wardeins and the examiners then present (if any error have bene comitted by such lecturer) to question such reader and to make manifest wherein he hath erred.

23rd October, 1628. Alsoe this daye Mr Doctor Andrewes is freely and loveingly chosen to be our reader at the next publique Anathomye to be holden in this Hall.

9th April, 1632. Alsoe this Court takeing into their considerations the greate care and paines of Mr Doctor Andrewes in his agitac?ons and yearely readinge of our lectures in tyme of the discections of the publique Anathomyes for this fower yeares past doe nowe order that there shalbe given him xiijli vjs viijd as of the free guift of this house for his paines therefore.

16th June, 1632. And as concerning the order for reading of lectures in Surgerye by an approved surgion of this Companie, this Court did againe deliberate upon the same and every one of the Assistants declared his opinion therein and the pluralitie of voyces was to have lectures read by the approved Surgians of this house according to our ordinances and not by a Doctor of phisick.

20th December, 1632. Alsoe or Soveraigne Lord Kinge Charles his Letter directed to this Court was here openly reade and thereupon this Court in all obedient duetye and loyaltie to or soveraigne Lord the Kings pleasure signified in that letter doe make mc?on of Mr Doctor Andrewes to be the weekely lecturer in surgerye for or Companie upon such Court dayes as wee are accustomed to keepe.

28th December, 1632. This daye was reade in Court the letter directed to or Mr from Mr Richard Andrews Doctor in Phisick whereby he doth desire to be excused from reading or weekely lectures in Surgerye, & thereupon this Court did goe to a new election, takeing notice of Mr Alex: Reade Doctor in Phisick approved by the Colledge of Phisitians London whoe was bredd a Chirurgian in ffraunce and hath bene a long time free of or Companie did make choice of the said Doctor Reade to be or Lecturer in Surgerye at such dayes and tymes as by order of Court is formerly ordered by this Court. And this Court doth further order that ev?y Surgian in the Lecture bill shall yearely paye towards the reading of such Lecture a certeyne some p?ticulerly, and that all those moneys gathered being cast up to a totall some shall out of the stock of this house be yearely made up xxli compleately for the said Doctors Readeing.

Among a collection of old books on Surgery, in my possession, is a small quarto by Dr. Read (dedicated to Thomas, Lord Windsor, who was free of the Barber-Surgeons) and entitled:—

The Chirurgicall Lectures of Tumors and Ulcers delivered on Tuesdayes appointed for these exercises, and keeping of their Courts in the Chirurgeans Hall these three yeeres last past, viz. 1632, 1633 and 1634. By Alexander Read Doctor of Physick, and one of the Fellowes of the Physitians College of London. London 1635.

28th December, 1637. Upon the riseing of the Court of Assistants it was concluded & agreed by the Examiners and Assistants Surgians that Mr Doctor Meverell an auncient Phisitian of the Colledge shalbe Reader of or Anatomicall lectures at the next publique discection to be held in the new erected Theater.

8th November, 1638. It is this daye ordered by the Mrs or Governors Surgians and the Examiners and Assistant Surgians here present ys afternoone that there shalbe p?nted as the guift of this Companie to Mr Doct. Meverell a peece of plate wth the Companies Scutchion ingraven thereon for his paynes in readeing at or last publiqe Anatomye in the new Theater before the Lords of his Maties most honoble privye Councell & others Spectators in the time of those 3 dayes readeings.

And in regard the said Doctor Meverell doth desire to be spared from reading any more the said Mrs or Governors Surgians & the Examiners & Assistant Surgians do make choice of Mr Doct. Prujeon to be their reader in Mr Doct. Meverells roome.

19th August, 1641. It is ordered that henceforward the Tuesday Lectures shalbe delivered by the Surgeons of this Company themselves and not by a Doctor and that the Examiners shall meete and consider of the manner.

23rd September, 1641. The Tenn Examiners are desired to meete & consider concerneing Lectures on Thursday next and in regard of the present sicknes this Court doth order that noe Tuesday Courts or Lectures be held till after the fortnight within the next terme.

30th September, 1641. This day Mr Lawrence Cotton, Warden, Mr Serjeant Clowes Mr Richard Wateson Mr Woodall Mr John Heydon Mr Heath Mr George Dunn, Examiners of Surgeons takeing into theire Considerac?ons the manner of the reading of Lectures in Surgery have thought it fitt and ordered That the Surgery Lectures should be read by approved Surgeans only and the Lecture to begin by the first Surgeon that is approved next to the Examiners and soe every one by his turne to read the Tuesdayes Lecture and every one to have a preceeding moneths time of warneing or notice to prepare himselfe for such Lecture as he shall read.

Alsoe It is thought fitt the publique Anatomy 6 Lectures shall this yeare be read by Doctor Prudjeon.

5th May, 1642. It is ordered that Doctor Chamblent shall have a silver tankard of vjli price with Armes of the company ingraven in it as the Guift of this Court for his paynes the last publique Anatomy.

17th January, 1644. It is ordered That in respect of the greate troubles and distractions of these times there shalbe noe publique Anatomy this yeare discected.

27th October, 1645. This day Mr Edward Arris acquainting this Court that a person a friend of his (who desired his name to be as yet concealed)225 through his greater desire of the increase of the knowledge of Chirurgery did by him freely offer to give unto this Corporac?on for ever the sum of 250li to the end and upon Condic?on that a humane Body be once in every yeare hereafter publiquely dissected and six Lectures thereupon read in this Hall if it may be had with Conveniency and the Charges to be borne by this Company And if noe humane Body may be had nor conveniently dissected in one yeare then the Company to destribute One halfe of the Sum of the usuall Charges of a publique Anatomy to our owne poore and the other halfe to the poore of St Sepulchers, the said worthy Overture is thankefully accepted by this Court And it is Ordered a Draught be drawne by our Clerke against the next Court of Assistants for the performance thereof And to that purpose a Rent charge of xxli p? annum be granted out of our Lands at Holborne Bridge.

24th November, 1645. This Court taking into Considerac?on in what manner the publique Bodyes hereafter shalbe dissected and by whome that Anatomy which is now newly about to be established shalbe performed Doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the present Mrs of Anatomy or such others as shalbe appointed by the two Mrs Surgeons for the time being and the more part of the Examiners shall performe the same and that the manner of dissections of every publique Anatomy shalbe such as they the said Two Mrs or Governors for the time being and Examiners on the more part of them shall direct.

30th January, 1646. The draft deed of settlement for the Arrisian Lectures was brought into Court and (6th February, 1646) approved; but it appearing at the next Court that there was some technical difficulty as to the names of the feoffees it was remitted to the donor’s counsel.

20th February, 1646. This Court doth agree That the Deed of an Annuity formerly granted to the use of the new publique Anatomy be made for 24li upon the Considerac?on of 300li And it is promised by Mr Arris on the behalfe of the Donor That if the 300li shalbe restored within 12 yeares he or his Heires shall grant unto this Company for the same use the like sum of 24li p. Annum out of some of his Lands or Tenements And doe nominate and appoint for ffeeoffees Mr Dunn Mr Collins Mr Kings Mr Pinder Mr ffleete Mr Arris Mr Boone and Mr Bennett.

24th March, 1646. This daye Mr Edward Arris payd the sum of 300li to the use of this Company and is the purchase money for the Annuity of 24li p? annu for the use of the new publique Anatomy Whereupon the Deed of Grant of the said Annuity and for establishing the said new Anatomy was sealed with the Com~on Seale and Delivered to the Donor and the severall ffeoffees intrusted in that matter.

In consequence of our later Minutes being lost, it is not possible to say precisely how this trust came to be varied and increased, though from the House of Commons Journals (see p.160) it can be conjectured almost to a certainty to have been as follows:—Within twelve years from the date of the original grant (say in 1658) the Company returned the £300 to Alderman Arris, and he thereupon settled upon them a rent charge, not of £24 as he had promised to do, but of £30 per annum payable out of some of his houses. He seems however, subsequently, to have had good reason to believe that his only son and heir, Dr. Thomas Arris, M.P., would give the Company trouble in the matter of the settlement, and so, on the 29th February, 1676, he requested that his deed of grant might be given up to him cancelled, and that he should in return give the Company £510 absolutely and free from any trust, save only an honorable understanding that the Anatomy Lectures should be continued. This was done, and after his death (which happened 28th May, 1676) the Company were involved in a Chancery suit with Dr. Thomas Arris who endeavoured, though unsuccessfully, to recover possession of the £510.

17th July, 1646. Whereas 300li hath bin worthily given to this House for the Discharge of all expences to be layd out in and about a publique Anathomy to be henceforth had yearely for ever Betweene the ffeaste of Michaelmas and Christmas in every yeare And for that Doctor Prudjon who formerly read the Anatomicall Lectures hath desired to be excused from reading the Lectures on the next Anathomyes to be dissected betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next This Court doth think fitt That Doctor Wright be desired to performe the same And that the Mrs of the Anatomy for the time being When the said Anatomy shalbe dissected do alwayes in theire severall & respective times of Mrs of Anatomy dissect the said Anatomy And this Court doth thinke fitt That the dissection of the said Anatomy be of the Muscles of the Body But that the manner thereof be left to the Judgement of the Reader and the Dissectors.

21st September, 1646. Our Mr acquainting the Court that Doctor Prudjon and divers other learned Physitions have recÕmended Doctor [John] Goddard as a Man well qualifyed and very able to reade the Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth Order That Doctor Prudjon be requested to performe the Lectures On the next publique Anatomy himselfe But if he shall Deny it That then Doctor Goddard Or such other as Doctor Prudjon shall thinke more fitt be desired to read the Lectures.

23rd October, 1646. This Court doth Order That all the approved Chirurgeons according to Law shall appeare at all publique Anatomyes for the time to come in a fflatt Capp upon the penalty of 3s 4d and all the rest of the Livery in a Hatt.

24th December, 1646. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the Mrs or Governours and Assistants nor any of them Nor any of the Mrs or Stewards of Anathomy doe invite or enterteyne any Guest at any of the Three Dinners to be had within this Hall at the next publique Anatomy Or at any other publique Anathomy betweene Michaelmas and Christmas in any yeare hereafter But doth consent & Order That Doctor Prudjon be invited to the said Dinners Anything aforesaid to the contrary Notwithstanding.

7th January, 1647. Whereas this Court is well satisfyed That Doctor Prudjon is desireous to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth Order That Doctor Goddard be desired to performe the same.

15th February, 1647. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That the Tuesday Lectures be againe revived and read by Chirurgeons ffreemen of this Company in their turnes according to theire authority226 in the Livery. The eldest Assistant Chirurgeon to read the first Lecture and that to be On the first Tuesday in May next and the other to be from thence monethly and noe oftner vizt The ffirst Tuesday in ev?y moneth Provided Nevertheles That when as any such Tuesday shall not be within the time lymitted in and by an Order of a Court of Assistants of ixth August 1632 in that behalfe Or shall happen to be on any the dayes thereby excepted That then every such Tuesday be noe Lecture day.

The order of the 9th August, 1632, above referred to, was as follows—

Alsoe this daye this Court for removeing of uncerteinties & setling of one certeyne course and forme for Courts to be kept on yr Tuesdayes in every yeare doe now upon deliberac?on had, order that from henceforth for ever hereafter there shalbe Lectures reade & Courts held in the Comon Hall of this Companie at such dayes and times in every yeare annually as hereafter followeth vizt on every Tuesdaye wch shalbe betwixt Michaelmas daye and the Tenth daye of December, On every Tuesdaye betwixt the ffeast of Epiphanie and Palme Sondaye, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Easter holydayes and Rogac?on weeke, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Whitesonday holydayes and the last daye of Julye. Provided alwayes that if it shall happen any of the aforesaid Tuesdayes to fall out to be either on a holydaye or one a holydayes Eve That then every such Tuesdaye to be noe Court or Lecture daye Provided alsoe that the Tuesdaye in the weeke next before the Lord Maiors daye and the Tuesdaye in the weeke next before the Publiqe discection of Anatomye and alsoe Shrove tuesdaye to be noe Court dayes.

29th March, 1647. This Court doth explaine the Order of the last Court of Assistants (15th February 1647) concerneing the Tuesday Lectures That it is the meaneing of this Court and this Court doth accordingly Order That the said Lectures be read aswell by the ancient Mrs Chirurgeons and Examiners in theire course as by any others.

23rd September, 1647. This Court takeing notice that Doctor Prudjon desireth to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures to be had betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next But wilbe ready hereafter to serve the Company in that kind Doth therefore freely chuse Doctor Nurse for the reading these Lectures and Doth order That our Clerke doth attend him and desire his answer therein And this Court doth further Order That the present Masters of Anathomy may dissect the first publique Anathomy and in the meane time may have a private Body.

11th January, 1648. This Court at the Suite and request of Mr Daniell Worrall Mr William Molins Mr Thomas Woodall and Mr Thorpe Chirurgeons of the Cloathing of this Company Doth grant That they or any of them joyneing the Mrs & Stewards of Anathomy privately desect in the Com~on Hall of this Company and not elsewhere a humane Body executed as a Malefactour that they or any of them may procure ffor the bettering theire Judgement and Skill in Anatomy, Provided That they at theire owne proper Costs doe defray and disburse All the Necessary & accustomed Charges ffees & Duties belonging to a private Anathomy.

14th January, 1648. This Court doth Order That there be a publique Anathomy this yeare and doth chuse and desire Doctor Nurse to read these Lectures and inasmuch as Doctor Prudeon doth desire to be excused ffrom reading hereafter this Court doth Choose Doctor Nurse to be the constant Anatomicall Reader to this Company.

8th October, 1649. This Court taking into considerac?on severall worthy Physicians of whome one might be elected Reader of the Anatomicall Lectures at the publique dissections of this Company Doe thinke fitt That Doctor Scarborough be elected thereunto Who being desired to come to this Court appeared during the sitting thereof and declared himselfe very willing to performe the same and rendered thanks to this Court for their good opinions of him.

We have at the Hall a fine portrait of Dr. Sir Charles Scarborough with Alderman Arris engaged upon an Anatomy.

Dr. Scarborough was elected Anatomical Reader on the 12th October, 1649.

23rd October, 1649. The periodical lectures by the Surgeons of the Company, which had again fallen through of late, were ordered to be revived, and there is a long minute on the subject at this date.

27th February, 1663. Samuel Pepys records, under this date:—

About 11 o’clock Commissioner Pet and I walked to Chyrurgeon’s Hall, we being all invited thither, and promised to dine there, where we were led into the Theatre; and by and by comes the reader, Dr Tearne,227 with the Master and Company, in a very handsome manner: and all being settled, he begun his lecture; and his discourse being ended, we had a fine dinner and good learned company, many Doctors of Phisique, and we used with Extraordinary great respect.

30th June, 1698. Ordrd that there bee an Anatomy Lecture called Gales Anatomy. Dr [Clopton] Havers & Dr Hands being put in nominac?on for reading of the same Dr Havers was choosen for three yeares & to read on the second Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday in July next by three of the clock in the afternoone & to have thirty shillings for his paines & the remainder to bee disposed of by the Com~itte.

14th December, 1699. Ordrd the two Drs. Readers to this Society for the future shall bee elected for noe longer terme then fower yeares onely at one time Ordrd by the Court that Dr [E.] Tyson have liberty to lay downe [his office].

Dr Hans & Dr Havers were put in nominac?on for Reader of the Ventera Lecture in the roome of Dr Tyson, Dr Hans was chosen for fower yeares.

22nd April, 1708. Dr. Colebrooke and Dr. Thomas Wadsworth put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (Gale’s foundation), when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years.

16th August, 1711. Then the Court proceeded to the Elecc?on of Readers for the Muscular Ventor & Osteology lectures Dr [Richard] Mead Dr ffreind & Dr Wadsworth the present Readers were unanimously chosen Readers of the said severall Lectures for the four ensuing years.

17th July, 1712. Dr John ffreind was unanimously Chosen Reader of the Muscular Lecture. And Dr Comer [? H. Colmer] was Chosen Reader of the Venter Lecture for the next 4 yeares ensueing.

1st October, 1712. Dr. Henry Plumtree and Dr. Douglas put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (Arris’s foundation) in the room of Dr. Meade, when Dr. Plumtree was elected for four years.

Dr. J. Douglas and Dr. Wadsworth put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years.

15th December, 1715. Dr. Douglas and Dr. Marmaduke Giles put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Douglas was elected for four years.

Dr. William Wagstaffe and Dr. Hezekias Jones put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe was elected for four years.

13th March, 1717. Dr. W. Barrowby and Dr. Stewart put in nomination for Reader of the Ostelogy Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected for four years.

6th November, 1717. Dr. Douglas resigned the Readership of the Muscular Lecture, on account of a difference with the Masters of Anatomy, and Dr. Plumtree was chosen in his place.

18th August, 1720. Dr. Wagstaffe and Dr. Barrowby put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe was elected for four years.

Dr. Barrowby and Dr. Thomas Jewrin put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected for four years.

Dr. Jewrin and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years.

30th October, 1721. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Charles Bale put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture (vice Dr. Barrowby resigned), when Dr. Jewrin was elected.
Dr. C. Bale and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Bale was elected.

29th March, 1722. Dr. Bale being in France, and unable to return for five months, Dr. Rutty and Dr. Sisterton were put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Rutty was elected.

20th August, 1724. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture in place of Dr. Wagstaffe, when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years.

Dr. Rutty and Dr. Robert Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was elected for four years.

Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. John Deodate put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Rutty), when Dr. Deodate was elected for four years.

6th June, 1727. Dr. E Wilmott and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Deodate deceased), when Dr. Willmott was elected.

15th August, 1728. Dr. Rutty and Dr. Wilmott put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was elected.

Dr. Wilmott and Dr. Lawrence Martell put in nomination for Reader of the Viscera Lecture (vice Rutty), when Dr. Wilmott was elected.

Dr. Martell and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Wilmott), when Dr. Martell was elected.

7th April, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Watts put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Martell resigned), when Dr. Goldsmith was elected.

13th August, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Francis Nicholls put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Rutty deceased), when Dr. Goldsmith was elected.

Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of of the Viscera Lecture (vice Wilmott resigned), when Dr. Nicholls was elected.

Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Watts put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Goldsmith), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected.

Mr. Joshua Symmonds was chosen Demonstrator or Teacher of Anatomy for three years.

5th March, 1731. Mr. Symmonds resigned through ill-health, and Mr. Edward Nourse and Mr. John Belchier being put in nomination, Mr. Nourse was elected.

17th August, 1732. Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Guy Ruffiniac put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (vice Goldsmith deceased), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected.

Dr. Ruffiniac was elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Nesbitt).

5th March, 1734. Mr. Nourse resigned the place of Demonstrator of Anatomy.

15th August, 1734. Mr. Abraham Chovett and Mr. Peter Maccullock were chosen Demonstrators of Anatomy.

17th September, 1734. A lengthy set of regulations for the conduct of the Demonstrations of Anatomy is entered on the minutes of this date.

17th July, 1735. Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Owen put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (vice Ruffiniac resigned) when Dr. Nicholls was elected.

19th August, 1736. Mr. Abraham Chovett resigned his place as Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Mr. Peter Maccullock and Mr. CÆsar Hawkins were elected Demonstrators.

Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Nicholls was elected.

Dr. Nicholls was also elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture.

7th December, 1738. Dr. R. Banks was elected Reader of the Viscera Lecture.

16th August, 1739. Mr. Peter Maccullock elected Demonstrator of Anatomy, which office he held until his death.

10th July, 1744. Mr. W. Bromfield elected Demonstrator of Anatomy (vice Maccullock, deceased).

The following Will of Charles Whyte (Warden in 1535 and 1542) is interesting, as it furnishes a partial list of the books and belongings of a Barber-Surgeon in Henry VIII’s time.

The Will is dated 3rd July, 1544, and by it testator desires to be buried in St. Paul’s Church Yard. He gives 20d. to St. Martins Ludgate, where he dwelt, for tithes forgotten—

Also I bequeathe to the Masters Wardens and felowsshipp of the barbor surgons for theyr payne to com to my buryeng vjs. viijd. To Thomas Wanlon poticary my beste Gowne furryd wyth black bugge. Also I bequeathe to Nicholas Archepolle228 the Surgion twoo books of surgery thone ys borded and coverd wyth yelowe lether and ys named John of Ardren being wryten hande wyth Divers pictures And thother book being coveryd wyth black lether having on thone syde the armes of England wyth a rose paynted and one thother syde the armes of England and spayne being wryten hand. Also I bequeathe to John Colman that was my prentyce my great black boke borded and coveryd wyth black lether wher in is the boke of the harball and the shepardes kalender wyth divers other book? Also I bequeathe to Mr John Woodwarde my best gowne furryd with foynes and to Mr?s Margaret Woodwarde his wif a gold ring with a turkes229 that was Wyllyam Taylours or els fourty shilling? in money. Also I bequeathe to Robert Clerk my kynsman six barbours basins of latyn Item a kettyl wyth a cock in yt to wasshe heddes wyth,230 a great pott of latyn. It~. a nother great pott of paÑ mettell wyth a cock in the botom, three barbours chayres, a lowe chest wyth holes in the cofer .... Also I bequeathe to Robert Clerk and Wyllyam his brother all my bokes of surgery and physyck equally to be devided betwene them yf so be they wyll study the science of surgery. Also ... all my instruments being made of Iron, style,231 coper, and brasse which belongethe to the science of surgery.


UPPER WARDEN’S GARLAND. MIDDLE WARDEN’S GARLAND.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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