  - Acrid—biting, caustic.
- Alterative—which establishes the healthy functions.
- Anodyne—quieting, easing pain.
- Anti-bilious—correcting the bile.
- Anti-lithic—preventing the formation of gravel, or stone.
- Aperient—laxative, or gently cathartic.
- Anti-septic—against or preventing mortification.
- Anti-scorbutic—useful in scurvy.
- Anti-spasmodic—against spasm, calming nervous irritation.
- Aromatic—agreeable, spicy.
- Astringent—shortening the fibres, strengthening.
- Balsamic—mild, healing, stimulant.
- Carminative—expelling wind.
- Cathartic—purgative, cleansing the bowels.
- Demulcent—sheathing, lubricating, preventing irritation.
- Deobstruent—bettering the secretions, or removing obstructions.
- Diaphoretic—producing insensible perspiration.
- Discutient—dissolving, discussing.
- Diuretic—increasing the urine.
- Emetic—causing vomiting.
- Emollient—softening, causing warmth and moisture.
- Errhine—discharging at the nostrils.
- Expectorant—producing a discharge from the lungs.
- Febrifuge—dispelling fever, allaying fever heat.
- Herpetic—curing skin diseases.
- Narcotic—stupafying, procuring sleep.
- Nerving—strengthening the nerves.
- Pectoral—useful in diseases of the lungs.
- Refrigerant—diminishing animal temperature.
- Rubefacient—producing heat and redness of the skin.
- Stimulant—exciting action on the system.
- Stomachic—good for the stomach.
- Styptic—preventing bleeding.
- Sudorific—causing sweat.
- Tonic—permanently strengthening the system.
- Vermifuge—destroying worms.
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