  INTRODUCTION. SECTION I. Scandinavia’s greatest Memorials.—Those of Denmark and Norway at Sea.—Of Sweden on Land.—The Influence of Climate The Great Memorials of Sweden in their Relation to those of Denmark and Norway.—Danish-Norwegian Memorials in the British Isles Nature of the Country.—Earlier Inhabitants: Britons, Romans, and Anglo-Saxons The Danish Expeditions.—The Danish Conquest The Thames.—London Watlinga-StrÆt.—South England.—Legends about the Danes.—The Graves of Canute the Great and Hardicanute The Wash.—The Five Burghs.—The Humber.—York.—Northumberland.—Stamford Bridge Danish-Norwegian Memorials in the North of England.—Coins.—The Raven.—The Danish Flag Danish-Norwegian Names of Places Resemblance of the People to the Danes and Norwegians.—Proper Names.—Popular Language.—Songs and Legends The Outrages of the Danes.—The Danes and Normans.—Influence of the Danes in England Commerce and Navigation Art and Literature Ecclesiastical and Secular Aristocracy The Danelag.—Holmgang, or Duel.—Jury.—The Feeling of Freedom General View.—Anglo-Saxon and Danish-Norman England.—Sympathies for Denmark.—The Dane in England Nature of Scotland.—The Highlands and Lowlands.—Population.—Original Inhabitants The Anglo-Saxons.—The Danes and Norwegians.—Effects of their Expeditions The Lowlands.—Population.—Language.—Norwegian-Danish Names of Places Traditions concerning “the Danes.”—The Southern and Northern Lowlands.—Danish Memorials.—Burghead The Orkneys and Shetland Isles.—Natural Features.—Population.—Oppression Shetland.—The People.—Songs.—Sword-Dance.—Language.—Names of Places.—Tingwall.—Burg of Mousa.—Tumuli.—Bauta Stones The Orkneys.—“ÞingavÖllr.”—Monuments of the Olden Time.—Kirkwall.—St. Magnus Church Pentland Firth.—The Highlands.—Caithness.—Sutherland.—Dingwall.—Fear of the Danes The Hebrides.—The Northern Isles.—Lewis and Harris (NÆs).—Skye.—Ossian’s Songs.—Iona The Sudreyjar, or Southern Isles.—Cantire.—Islay.—Man.—Names of Places.—Runic Stones.—Kings.—Battle of Largs.—“Lords of the Isles.”—Tynwald in Man Nature and Population of Ireland.—The “Danish” Conquests.—Traditions about the “Danes.”—Political Movements Irish and Scandinavian Records.—Finn Lochlannoch.—Dubh-Lochlannoch.—The Names of the Provinces Norwegian Kings.—Limerick.—Cork.—Waterford.—Reginald’s Tower.—Dublin.—Thengmotha.—Oxmantown Norwegian Names of Places.—Near Dublin.—Norwegian Burial—Places.—Norwegian Weapons and Ornaments Ancient Irish Christianity and Civilization.—Trade.—No Irish, but Norwegian Coins.—Sigtryg SilkeskjÆg.—Norwegian Coiners The Battle of Clontarf.—Power of the Ostmen after the Battle.—Their Churches and Bishops.—Their Land and Sea Forces.—The English Conquest.—Remains of the Ostmen.—Their Importance for Ireland Conclusion.—Warlike and Peaceful Colonizations Resemblances and Differences.—Before and Now Appendix I. Document of Edward I. Appendix II. Coinage of the Norwegians in Dublin |
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