Contents

Previous
Page
THE RUINS: THEIR TYPES AND EXTENT 2
PRINCIPAL RUINS OF THE NATIONAL MONUMENT 8
Tyuonyi 8
Talus House 10
Long House 11
Kivas 12
Ceremonial Cave 12
Stone Lions 14
Painted Cave 14
Otowi 16
Tsankawi 17
ORIGINS OF THE PEOPLE 17
Work of the Archeologists 17
The Basketmakers and the Developmental Pueblo Period 18
Great Pueblo Period 22
Drought and Migrations 23
Late Pueblo Period 24
LIFE OF THE EARLY PEOPLE AT BANDELIER 24
Food 24
Shelter 27
Clothing 27
Religion 30
THE NATURAL SCENE 32
Climate 32
Life Zones 32
Wildlife 33
Geology 35
GUIDE TO THE AREA 39
HOW TO REACH THE MONUMENT 41
ABOUT YOUR VISIT 41
ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 42
RELATED AREAS 43
GLOSSARY OF SPANISH AND INDIAN WORDS 43
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 43

Ceremonial Cave, reached by a series of ladders extending 150 feet above the floor of Frijoles Canyon.

Agave in bloom

In the picturesque canyon and mesa country of the Pajarito Plateau, west of the Rio Grande from Santa Fe, N. Mex., are found the ruined dwellings of one of the most extensive prehistoric Indian populations of the Southwest. Bandelier National Monument, in the heart of the plateau, includes and protects several of the largest of these ruins, in particular the unique cave and cliff dwellings in the canyon of the Rito de los Frijoles.

The Indian farmers who built and occupied the numerous villages of the Pajarito Plateau flourished there for some 300 years, beginning in the 1200’s. By A. D. 1540, when historic times open with the coming of Coronado and his adventurers from Mexico, the Indian people had already started to leave their canyon fastnesses for new homes on the Rio Grande.

From all evidence it seems that modern Pueblo Indians living along the Rio Grande today are descended in part from the ancient inhabitants of the Pajarito area. Thus Bandelier National Monument preserves ruins which link historic times to prehistoric, and which further link the modern Pueblo Indian with his ancestors from regions to the west, whence came the first migrants to the Bandelier environs. The continuity of Pueblo life traces from origins in northwest New Mexico and the Mesa Verde country of southwest Colorado, through the Bandelier region, to the living towns of Cochiti to the south, San Ildefonso to the northeast, and other local Indian communities.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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