16. Cadmus—Small square rigged ship in circle of dots, border like plate No. 7. This plate is called the small Constitution by many as the ship is undoubtedly the same type of vessel but the plate was gotten out to represent the Cadmus, the ship which brought Lafayette to America in 1824, and shows the early cruder workmanship—See Camehl page 197.

17. The Constitution—Large square rigged ship in center, inner border type of No. 7, octagonal plate of exquisite workmanship. Note cover design of this book. This cup plate represents the acme of Sandwich glass designing. It was issued when feeling was running high against the probable “junking” of the Constitution in hopes that public opinion might change the fate of the old sailing vessel.

18. Pennsylvania steam boat-octagonal. This is the companion piece to the Constitution. The inner border varies in that it has four shields and scrolls in a background of horizontal lines. In popular magazine articles this boat has been called the Fulton but any one familiar with the old wood cuts of Robert Fulton’s steam boat will note that they do not bear the slight slightest resemblance to the boat on the cup-plate whereas it is the almost exact counter part of the side wheeler Pennsylvania that plied the Ohio River. Further Fulton’s boats had one mast for sailing in case of trouble.

I refer my reader to the “Blue China Book,” by Camehl page 224, “City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Steam Boat,” by Clews, and to page 231, “Fulton Steam Boat” and ask them to draw their own conclusion. The political situation in regard to navigation on the Ohio River at this time has further bearing on the subject. A further note that will substantiate this claim is that in a careful check list of known specimens kept and much research work done along the lines of glass found in a given locality, the majority of these rare little octagonal cup plates and the still rarer large plates with the same ship in the center have come out of Pennsylvania, showing that the Pennsylvania Steam Boat would be likely to find a readier sale there than elsewhere. It appealed to the States pride as prior to the Civil War, States Rights were a much more prominent issue than later on.

19. Chancellor Livingston—Auxiliary sailing vessel with paddle wheel, full rigged with flying jibs, American flag at stern, dotted waves, word “Chancellor” above and “Livingston” below ship on clear ground. Border two shields, two hearts, and four large stars on stippled ground. One of America’s first steamboats named after Robert Livingston, chancellor of New York State, a partner of Fulton in ship building.

20. Chancellor Livingston same as No. 19 but with stippled ropes.

21. Chancellor Livingston—With line waves and different arrangement of spars, an earlier design than No. 19.

22. Benjamin Franklin—Full rigged ship covering entire center of plate, flag inscribed B. F. at mast head. American flag at stern, stippled rigging and elaborate equipment. Border with spread eagle, four anchors, stars and scrolls.

23. The Maid of the Mist—Boat on rough water showing the Suspension Bridge at Niagara, the falls and sun above bridge. This cup-plate was issued in honor of the completion of the bridge across the Niagara River. A later plate but exceedingly rare. N. E. G.