A LIST OF SOURCES I.—PERIOD COVERED BY VOLUME I.

An ax agoras. See vol. i., p. 240.

Archimedes. See vol. i., p. 196.

Many of the works of Archimedes are lost, but the following have come down to us: (1) On the Sphere and Cylinder; (2) The Measure of the Circle; (3) Conoids and Spheroids; (4) On Spirals; (5) Equiponderants and Centres of Gravity; (6) The Quadrature of the Parabola; (7) On Bodies Floating in Liquids; (8) The Psammites; (9) A Collection of Lemmas.

Aristarchus. See vol. i., p. 212.

Magnitudes and Distances of the Sun and Moon is the only surviving work. In the Armarius of Archimedes another work of Aristarchus is quoted—the one in which he anticipates the discovery of Copernicus. Delambre, in his Histoire de Vastronomie ancienne, treats fully the discoveries of Aristarchus.

Aristotle. See vol. i., p. 82.

An edition of Aristotle was published by Aldus, Venice, 1495-1498, 5 vols. During the following eighty years seven editions of the Greek text of the entire works were published, and many Latin translations.

Berosus. See vol. i., p. 58.

The fragments of Berosus have been trans, by I. P. Cory, and included in his Ancient Fragments of Phoenician, Chaldean, Egyptian, and Other Writers, London, 1826; second edition, 1832.

Democritus. See vol. i., p. 161.

Fragments only of the numerous works ascribed to Democritus have been preserved. Democriii Abdereo operum fragmenta, Berlin, 1843, edited by F. G. A. Mullach. Diodorus Siculus. See vol. i., p. 77.

The Historical Library. Perhaps the best available editions of Diodorus are Wesseling's, 2 vols.; Amstel, 1745; and Dindorf's, 5 vols., Leipzig, 1828-1831. English trans, by Booth, London, 1700. Diogenes Laertius. See vol. i., p. 121.

The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (trans. by C. D. Yonge), London, 1853.

Eratosthenes. See vol. i., p. 225.

The fragments of his philosophical works were published at Berlin, 1822, under the title Eratosthenica. His poetical works were published at Leipzig, 1872. Euclid. See vol. i., p. 193.

His Elements of Geometry is still available as an English school text-book.

Galen (Claudius Galenus). See vol. i., p. 272.

Galen's preserved works are exceedingly bulky. The best-known edition is that of C. G. Kuhn, in 21 volumes.

Hero. See vol. i., p. 242.

The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, from the original Greek. Trans, by B. Woodcroft, London, 1851. Herodotus. See vol. i.t p. 103.

History. English trans, by Beloe, 1791 and 1806. Trans, by Canon Rawlinson, London, 1858-1860. Hipparchus. See vol. i., p. 233.

The only work of Hipparchus which has survived was published first by Vittorius at Florence, 1567. Hippocrates. See vol. i., p. 170.

Numerous editions have been published of the Hippo-cratic writings, including many works not written by the master himself. One of the best editions is that of LittrÉ, Paris, 1839, etc.

Khamurabi, Codb op. See vol. i., p. 76.

This famous inscription is on a block of black diorite nearly eight feet in height. It was discovered at Susa by the French expedition under M. de Morgan in December, 1901.

Leucippus. See vol. i., p. 161.

Pliny (Caius Plinius Secundus). See vol. i., p. 265.

His Natural History is available in several English editions and reprints. Perhaps the best edition of the original text is the one published by Julius Sillig, 5 vols., Leipzig, 1854-1859. Plutarch. See vol. i., p. 198.

Life of Marcellus, in Parallel Lives. In this the mechanical inventions of Archimedes are described. Polybius. See vol. i., p. 201.

In his Histories Polybius describes the mechanical contrivances and war-engines of Archimedes, and also gives an account of his death. Ptolbmy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). See vol. i., p. 269.

Geographia (or Almagest of the Arabs). The edition published by Nobbe, in 3 vols., Leipzig, 1842, was one of the best complete editions of the Greek text. The edition published in Didot's Bibliotheca Classicorum Grocorum, Paris, 1883, is excellent. Earlier editions contain many errors.

Strabo. See vol. i., p. 255.

The Geography of Strabo. Trans, by H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer, 3 vols., London, 1857. There are several other editions of Strabo's work available in English.

Tertullian. See vol. i., p. 195.

Apologeticus. Theophrastus. See vol. i., p. 188.

Utpivlaroplas, On the History of Plants. Written in 10 books. This is one of the earliest works on botany which have come to us. It was largely used by Pliny. In complete works, Schneider, Leipzig, 1818-1821, 5 vols. On Plants, edited by Wimmer, Breslau, 247

1842-1862. On Plants, edited by Slackhouse, Oxford, 1814. atria, On the Causes of Plants, This was originally in 8 books, of which 6 are now existant. Bibliog. vid. History of Plants.

II.—PERIOD COVERED BY VOLUME II.

Albategnius, Mohammed bbn Jabir. See vol. ii., p. 15.

The original MS. of his principal work, Zidje Sabt, is in the Vatican. A Latin translation was first published by Plato Tiburtinus at Nuremberg, in 1537, under the title De scientia stellarunt. Various reprints of this have been made. Albertus Magnus. See vol. ii., p. 127.

Philosophic* Naturalis Isagoge, Vienna, 1514. Alhazen (full name, Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Alhasan). See vol. ii., p. 18.

Only two of his works have been printed, his Treatise on Twilight and his Thesaurus opticae, these being available in Michael Casiri's Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escuri-alensis, 2 vols., Madrid, 1760-1770.

Bacon, Francis. See vol. ii., p. 192.

Novum Organum was published in London, 1620. The Letters and Life of Lard Bacon, in 7 vols., by James Spedding, appeared in 1862-1874. Bacon, Roger. See vol. ii., p. 44.

Only an approximate estimate of the number of Bacon's works can be given even now, although an infinite amount of time and labor has been spent in collecting them. His great work is the Opus ma jus, "the Encyclopaedia and the Organum of the Thirteenth Century." A partial list of some of his other works is the following: Speculum alchemio, 1541 (trans, into English); De mirabili potestate artis et naturo, 1542 (trans, into English, 1659); Libellus de retardants se-nectutis accidentibus, 1590 (trans, as "The Cure of Old. Age," 1683); and Sanioris medicino Magistri d. Rogeri Baconis Anglici de arte chymio scripta, 1603. 248

Boyle, Robert. See vol. ii., p. 205.

Philosophical Works, 3 vols., London, 1738.

Copernicus, Nicolaus. See vol. ii., p. 54.

Ad clar. v. d. Schonerum de libris revolutionism eruditiss. viri et mathemattci excellentiss. Rev. Doctoris Nicolai Copernici Torunnaei, Canonici Warmiensis, per quemdam juvenem mathematico studio sum, Narratio prima, Dantzic, 1540. This was the first published statement of the doctrine of Copernicus, and was a letter published by Rheticus. Three years afterwards Copernicus's De orbium colestium revolutionibus, Libri VI., was published at Nuremberg (1543).

Descartes, RenÉ. See vol. ii., p. 193.

TraitÉ de Vhomme (Cousins's edition, in 11 vols., Paris, 1824).

Galilei, Galileo. See vol. ii., p. 91.

Dialogo dei due massimi sistemi del mondo, Florence, 1632. Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze, Leyden, 1638. Gilbert, William (1540-1603). See vol. ii., p. 113.

De magnete, magneticisque corporibus, et de magno magnete tellure, London, 1600. De magnete was trans. by P. Fleury Motteley, London, 1893. Guericke, Otto von (1620-1686). See vol. ii., p. 213.

ExpÉrimenta nova, ut vocant, Magdeburgica de vacuo spatio, Amsterdam, 1672. In the Phil. Trans, of the Royal Society of London, No. 88, for 1672.

Hales, Stephen (1677-1761). See vol. ii., p. 298.

Statical Essays, comprising Vegetable Staticks, London, 1727, and Homostatics, London, 1733. Harvey, William. See vol. ii., p. 169.

Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis, Frankfort-on-Main, 1628. The Works of, trans, by Robert Willis, London, 1847. Hauksbeb, Francis. See vol. ii., p. 259.

Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects, London, 1709. This contains descriptions of his various discoveries in electricity, many of which are given in the Phil. Trans.

Hooee, Robert. See vol. ii., p. 215.

Micrographia, or Some Philosophical Descriptions of Some Minute Bodies, London, 1665. An Attempt to Prove the Motion of the Earth, London, 1674. Microscopical Observations, London, 1780. Most of Hooke's important discoveries were contributed as papers to the Royal Society and are available in the Phil. Trans.

Huygens, Christian (1629-1695). See vol. ii., p. 218.

Traite de la lumiÈre, Leyden, 1690. Complete works were published at The Hague in 1888, under thetit le Ouvres complÈtes, by the SociÉtÉ Hollandaise des Sciences. These books have not been translated into English. Huygens's famous paper on the laws governing the collision of elastic bodies appeared in the Phil. Trans, of the Royal Society for 1669.

Kepler, Johann. See vol. ii., p. 70.

Astronomia nova de motibus Stella Mortis, Leipzig, 1609, contains Kepler's two first laws; and Harmonices mundi, 1619, contains the third law, Phomomenon singulare, seu Mercurius in sole, Leipzig, 1609. Joannis KepUri opera omnia, in 8 vols., Frankfort, 1858-1871.

Leeuwenhoek, Anthony van. See vol. ii., p. 179.

His discoveries are mostly recorded in the Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society, between the years 1673 and 1723—one hundred and twelve papers in all. His discovery of bacteria is recorded in Phil. Trans, for 1683; and that of the discovery of the capillary circulation of the blood in Phil. Trans, for 1790.

LiNNiEus, Carolus (1707-1778). See vol. ii., p. 299.

His Systema natures was published in 1735. Tro years later (1737) he published Genera plantarum, which is generally considered as the starting-point of modern botany. His published works amount to more than one hundred and eighty.

Mariotte, Edme (died 1684). See vol. ii., p. 210.

Essais de physique (four essays), Paris, 1676-1679. 250

His De la nature de l'air, containing his statement of the law connecting the volume and pressure of a gas, is contained in the second essay.

Newton, Sir Isaac. See vol. ii., p. 241.

Philosophies naturalis principia mathematica, completed in July of 1687. The first edition was exhausted in a few months. There are several translations, among others one by Andrew Motte, New York, 1848.

Paracelsus. See vol. ii., p. 159.

The Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Paracelsus, trans, by A. E. Waite, 2 vols., London, 1894. Pascal, Blaise. See vol. ii., p. 122.

RÉcit de la grande expÉrience de VÊquilibre de liqueurs, Paris, 1648.

Sawtree, John. See vol. ii., p. 124 ff.

Of the Philosopher's Stone, London, 1652. Swammerdam, John. See vol. ii., p. 297.

Bibel der Natur, trans, into German, Leipzig, 1752. Sydenham, Thomas. See vol. ii., p. 189.

His first work, Methodus curandi febres, was published in 1666. His last work, Processus integri, appeared in 1692. His complete works, in Latin, were published by the Sydenham Society, London, 1844, which published also an English translation by Pr. R. G. Latham in 1848. There are several other English translations.

Torricelli, Evanoelista. See vol. ii., p. 120.

Opera geometrica, Florence, 1644. Tycho Brahe. See vol. ii., p. 65.

De mundi aetherei recentioribus phonomenis, Prague, 1603. This has been trans, into German by M. Bruns, Karlsruhe, 1894.

Vinci, Leonardo da. See vol. ii., p. 47.

Leonardo da Vinci, Artist, Thinker, and Man of Science, by Eugene Muntz, 2 vols., New York, 1892, is perhaps the most complete treatment of all phases of Leonardo's work as a scientist as well as an artist. The older French work, Essai sur les ouvrages physico-mathÉmatiques de LÉonard de Vinci, by J. B. Venturi, Paris, 1797, is excellent. In German, H. Grothe's Leonardo da Vinci als IngÉnieur und Philosophy Berlin, 1874, is good.

III.—MODERN COSMICAL AND TELLURIC SCIENCES

Agassiz, L. See vol. iii., p. 147.

Etudes sur les glaciers, NeuchÂtel, 1840. Arago, FranÇois J. D. See vol. Hi., p. 67.

Ouvres (complete), if vols., Paris, 1854-1862. Arago's Meteorological Essays, trans, into English, London, 1855. This has an introduction by Humboldt.

Boscovich, Roger Joseph. See vol. iii., p. 293.

Theoria philosophio naturalis redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium, Vienna, 1758. Bradley, James. See vol. iii., p. 13.

Concerning an Apparent Motion Observed in Sotne of the Fixed Stars, London, 1748, Phil. Trans., vol. xlv., pp. 8,9.

Cuvier,*Baron de. See vol. iv., p. 103.

Recherches sur les ossements fossiles de quadrupÈdes, 4 vols., Paris, 1812. (The introduction to this work was translated and published as a volume bearing title of Theory of the Earth, New York, 1818.)

Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph. See vol. iii., p. 16.

Histoire d'astronomie, Paris, 1817-1821. This work contains not only the history of the discoveries in astronomy, but is also a complete text-book of astronomy as understood at this period.

Falconer, Hugh. See vol. iii., p. 99.

In Paloontological Memoirs, vol. ii., pp. 596-598. 252

Herschbl, William. See vol. iii., p. 20 ff.

On the Proper Motion of the Solar System, Phil. Trans., vol. 73, for 1783. (This paper was read in March, 1783.) The Constitution of the Heavens, Phil. Trans, for 1785, vol. 75, p. 213. Howard, Luke. See vol. iii., p. 182.

Philosophical Magazine, 1803. Humboldt, Alexander von. See vol. iii., p. 192.

Des lignes isothermes et de la distribution de la chaleur sur le globe, published in vol. iii., of MÉmoires de physique et de chimie de la SociÉtÉ d'Arcueil, Paris, 1819. Hutton, James. See vol. iii., p. 178.

Theory of Rain, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1788, vol. i., pp. 53-56. See vol. iii., p. 121. From Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1788, vol. i., pp. 214-304. A paper on the "Theory of the Earth," read before the society in 1781.

Kant, Immanuel (i724-1804). See vol. iii., p. 27.

Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und ThÉorie des Himmels, 1755. Cosmogony, ed. and trans, by W. Hartie, D.D., Glasgow, 1900.

Laplace, M. le Marquis de. See vol. iii., p. 32.

Exposition du systÈme du monde, Paris, 1796, is available in Ouvres completes, in 12 vols., Paris, 1825-1833^01. vi., p. 498. Lyell, Charles. See vol. iii., p. 88.

Principles of Geology, 4 vols., London, 1834.

Marsh, O. C. See vol. Hi., p. 107.

Fossil Horses in America (reprinted from American Naturalist, vol. viii., May, 1874), pp. 288, 289.

Playpair, John. See vol. iii., pp. 131, 165.

Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory, 1802.

Scrope, G. Poulett. See vol. iii., p. 132.
Consideration of Volcanoes, London, 1823, pp. 228-234.
Wells, W. C. See vol. iii., p. 185. Essay on Dew, London, 1818.

IV.—MODERN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES

Black, Joseph. See vol. iv., p. 12.

De acido e cibis orlo, et de magnesia, reprinted at Edinburgh, 1854. In this he sketched his discovery of carbonic acid. Later this paper was incorporated in his Experiments on Magnesia, Quicklime, and Other Alkaltne Substances.

Bunsen, William. See vol. iv., p. 69.

Cavendish, Henry. See vol. iv., p. 15.

"Experiments on Air," in Phil. Trans., 1784, p. 119. This paper contains Cavendish's discovery of the composition of water and of nitric acid.

Daguerre, Louis J. M. See vol. iv., p. 70.

Historique et description des procÉdÉs du daguerrÉotype et du diorama, Paris, 1839. (This was translated into English.)

Dalton, John. See vol. iv., p. 40.

"On the Absorption of Gases by Water," read before the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, October 21, 1803. This was published in 1805, and contains the atomic weight of twenty-one substances, some of which were probably added, or corrected, between the date of the first reading and the publication.

Davy, Sir Humphry. See vol. iv., pp. 48, 209.

"Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity," in Phil. Trans, for 1806, vol. viii. Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, chiefly concerning Nitrous Oxide or De-phlogisticated Nitrous Air and its Respiration, London, 1800.

Dewar, James. See vol. v., p. 39.

"Solid Hydrogen," in Proc. Roy. Inst, for 1900. "The Nadir of Temperature and Allied Problems " (Bakerian Lecture), Proc. Roy. Soc, 1901.

Dufay, Cisternay. See vol. ii., p. 267.

Histoire de l'AcadÉmie Royale des Sciences, between 1733 and 1737, contains Dufay's principal papers.

Eulbr, Leonard (1707-1783). See vol. iii., p. 17.

Lettres a une Princesse d'Allemagne sur quelques sujets de physique et de philosophie, St. Petersburg, 1768.

Faraday, Michael. See vol. iii., p. 241.

On the Induction of Electric Currents, in Phil. Trans. of Royal Society for 1832, pp. 126-128. Explication of Arago's Magnetic Phenomena, by Michael Faraday, F.R.S., Phil. Trans, of Royal Society for 1832, pp. 146-149. Franklin, Benjamin. See vol. ii., p. 286.

New Experiments and Observations on Electricity, London, 1760.

Galvani, Luigi (1737-1798). See vol. iii., p. 229.

De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentatio, Bologna, 1791. This discovery of Galvani was first brought to notice by Volta's famous paper to the Royal Society, entitled "An Account of some Discoveries made by Mr. Galvani, of Bologna," published in the Phil. Trans, for 1793, pp. 10-44.

Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis. See vol. iv., p. 41.

MÉmoire sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, Mem. Soc. d'Arcueil, 1809.

Halley, Edmund. See vol. iii., p. 7.

An Account of Several Extraordinary Meteors or Lights in the Sky, in Phil. Trans., vol. xxix., pp. 159-162, London, 1714. Helmholtz, H. L. F. See vol. iii., p. 280.

Handbuch der physiologische Optik, Leipzig, 1867.

Joule, J. P. See vol. iii., p. 269.

On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity and the Mechanical Value of Heat, in Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1843, vol. xii" p. 33-

Kirwan, R. See vol. iv., p. 3 ff.

An Essay on Phlogiston and the Constitution of Acids, London, 1789. This is interesting, written as it was just before Lavoisier's Elements treated the same subject from the stand-point of the anti-phlogistic chemists.

Kleist, Dean von. See vol. ii., p. 280.

In the Danzick Memoirs, vol. i. contains the description given by Von Kleist of his discovery of the Leyden jar. A translation is given also in Priestley's History of Electricity.

Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent. See vol. iv., p. 33.

TraitÉ ÉlÉmentaire de chimie, Paris, 1774, trans, as Elements of Chemistry, by Robert Kerr, London and Edinburgh, 1790. Lister, Joseph Jackson. See vol. iv., p. 113.

On Some Properties in Achromatic Object Glasses Applicable to the Improvement of the Microscope, in Phil. Trans, for 1830.

Maxwell, James Clerk-. See vol. iii., p. 45.

" On the Motions and Collisions of Perfectly Elastic Spheres " in Philosophical Magazine for January and July, i860. The Scientific Papers of J. Clerk-Maxwell, edited by W. D. Nevin (2 vols.), vol. i., pp. 372-374, Cambridge, 1896. This is a reprint of Maxwell's prize paper of 1859. Mayer, Dr. Julius Robert. See vol. iii., p. 259.

The Forces of Inorganic Nature, 1842. This is Mayer's statement of the conservation of energy. MendelÈepp, Dmitri Ivanovitch. See vol. iv., p. 68.

Principles of Chemistry, 2 vols., London, 1868-1870. (There have been several subsequent editions.)

Oersted, Hans Christian. See vol. iii., p. 236.

Experiments with the Effects of the Electric Current on the Magnetic Needle, published at Berlin, 1816.

Priestley, Joseph. See vol. iv., pp. 20, 36.

Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, 3 vols., Birmingham, 1790. History of Electricity, 256 vol. ii., p. 280, London, 1775. The Doctrine of Phlogiston Established, 1800.

Ramsay and Ravlbigh. See vol. v., p. 86.

"On an Anomaly Encountered in Determining the Density of Nitrogen Gas," in Proc. Roy. Soc, April, 1894. A statement of the properties of argon was made by the discoverers to the Royal Society, given in Phil. Trans., clxxxvi., p. 187, January, 1895.

ScHBBLB, Karl William. See vol. iv., p. 23.

Om Brunsten, eller Magnesia, och dess Egenakaper, Stockholm,1774. This contains his discovery of chlorine. His book, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dent Feuer, was published in 1777.

Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford). See vol. iii., p. 208. Essays Political, Economical, and Philosophical (2 vols.), vol. ii., pp. 470-493, London, T. Cadell, Jr., and W. Davies, 1797. Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin). See vol. iii., p. 276.

On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1852.

Wollaston, William Hyde. See vol. iv., p. 41.

Phil. Trans, for 1814, vol. civ., p. i, contains a synoptic scale of chemical equivalents. This paper was confirmatory of Dalton's theory.

Young, Thomas. See vol. iii., p. 218.

On the Colors of Thin Plates» I.e. in Phil. Trans, for 1802, pp. 35-37.

V.—MODERN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Avenbruggbr, Lbopold. See vol. iv., p. 200.

Inventum novum ex percussione thoracis humant interni pectoris morbos detegendi, Vienna, 1761. vot. V.-17 257

Bell, Sir Charles See vol. iv., p. 249.

An Exposition of the Natural System of Nerves of the Human Body, being a Republication of the Papers delivered to the Royal Society on the Subject of the Nerves in 1811, etc.

Bernard, Claude. See vol. iv., p. 137.

BOERHAAVB, HERMANN. See Vol. IV., p. 182.

Institutions medicos, Leyden, 1708; and De chemie expurgante suos errores, Lugduni Batavorum, 1718. Brown, Robert. See vol. iv., p. 115.

On the Organs and Mode of Fecundation of Orchideo and Asclepiadeo, in Miscellaneous Botanical Works, London, 1866.

Chambers, Robert. See vol. iv., p. 161.

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, London, 1844 (published anonymously). His Sequel to Vestiges was published a year later. Charcot, Jean Martin. See vol. iv., p. 269.

LeÇons sur Us maladies du systÈme nerveux, Paris, beginning in 1873. Cuvier, George, Baron de. See vol. iv., p. 159.

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertÈbres, Paris, 1815. SystÈme des connaissances positives de Vhomme, Paris, 1820.

Darwin, Erasmus. See vol. iv., pp. 94, 147.

The Botanic Garden, London, 1799. The Temple of Nature, or The Origin of Society, edition published in London, 1807. Darwin, Charles. See vol. iii., p. 95, and vol. iv., p. 173. The Origin of Species, London, 1859.

Pechner, Gustav. See vol. iv., p. 263. Elemente du Psychophysik, i860. Flourens, Marie Jean Pierre. See vol. iv., p. 270.

Experiences sur le systÈme nerveux, Paris, 1825. Cours sur la gÉnÉration, Vovologie, et Vembryologie, Paris, 1836, etc.

Gall, Franz Joseph. See vol. iv., p. 248.

Recherches sur le systÈme nerveux en gÉnÉral, et sur celui du cerveau en particulier, Paris, 1809. (This paper was laid before the Institute of France in March, 1808.) Goethe, Johann Wolfgang. See vol. iv., p. 140.

Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen, 1790. Gray, Stephen. See vol. ii.t p. 262.

Most of his original papers appeared in the PhU. Trans, between 1720 and 1737.

Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich. See vol. v., p. 144.

Naturlich Schopfungsgeschichte, 1866, rewritten in a more popular style two years later as Natural History of Creation. Some of his more important monographs are: Radiolaria (1862), Siphonophora (1869), Monera (1870), Calcarious Sponges (1872), Arabian Corals (1876), another Radiolaria, enumerating several thousand new species, accompanied by one hundred and forty plates (1887), and Die WeltrÂthsel, trans, in 1900 as The Riddle of the Universe. Hahnemann, Wilhelm von. See vol. iv., p. 189.

Organon der rationellen Heilkunde, Dresden, 1810. Hall, Marshall, M.D., F.R.S.L. See vol. iv., p. 251.

On the Reflex Functions of the Medulla Oblongata and the Medulla Spinalis, in Phil. Trans, of Royal Society, vol. xxxiii., 1833. Hunter, John. See vol. iv., p. 92.

On the Digestion of the Stomach after Death, first edition, pp. 183-188.

Jenner, Edward. See vol. iv., p. 190.

An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolo Vaccino, London, 1799.

LaÉnnec, RenÉ ThÉophile Hyacinthe. See vol. iv., p. 201.

TraitÉ d'auscultation mÉdiate, Paris, 1819. Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de. See vol. iv., p. 152.

Philosophie zoologique, 8 vols., Paris, 1801. His famous statement of the supposed origin of species occurs on p. 235 of vol. i., as follows: "Everything which nature has caused individuals to acquire or lose by the influence of the circumstance to which their race is long exposed, and consequently by the influence of the predominant employment of such organ, or its constant disuse, she preserves by generation to the new individuals proceeding from them, provided that the changes are common to the two sexes, or to those which have produced these new individuals."

Libbig, Justin. See vol. iv., p. 131.

Animal Chemistry, London, 1843.

Libbig and WÔhler. See vol. iv., p. 56.

The important work of Liebig and WÔhler appeared until 183a mostly in Poggendorff's Armalen, but after 1832 most of Liebig's work appeared in his own Annalen. About the earliest as well as one of his most important separate works is Anleitung zur Analyse organischen, Korper, 1837.

Lotze, Hermann. See vol. iv., p. 263.

Medizinische Psychologie, oder Physiologie der Seele, Leipzig, 1852.

Mohl, Hugo von. See vol. iv., p. 125.

Uber der Saftbewegung im Innern d. Zelle, Bot. Zei-tung, 1846. Morgagni, Giovanni Battista. See vol. iv., p. 76.

De sedibus et causis ntorborum, 2 vols., Venice, 1761.

Oken, Lorenz. See vol. iv., p. 160.

Philosophie der Natur, Zurich, 1802.

Pasteur, Louis. See vol. iv., pp. 217, 233.

Studies on Fermentation, London, 1879. His famous paper on attenuation and inoculation was published in the Compte Rendu of the Academy of Science, Paris, 1881 (vol. xcii.).

Saint-Hilaire, Etienne Geoffroy. See vol. iv., p. 160.

Philosophie anatomique, vol. i., Paris, 1818. Schwann, Theodor. See vol. iv., p. 119.

Mikroskopische Untersuchungen uber die Ubereinstim-mung in der Structur und dem Wachsthum der Thiere und Pflanzen, Berlin, 1839. Trans, by Sydenham Soc., 1847. Spencer, Herbert. See vol. iv., p. 268.

Principles of Psychology, London, 1855. 260

Treviranus, Gottfried Reinhold. See vol. iv.t p. 159. Biologie, oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur, 1802.

Weber, E. H. See vol. iv., p. 263.

The statement of "Weber's Law*' was first made in articles by Weber contributed to Wagner's HandwÂrter-buch der Physiologie, but is again stated and elaborated in Fechner's Psychophysik. (See Fechner.) Weismann, August. See vol. iv., p. 179.

Studies in the Theories of Descent. Trans, by Professor R. Meldola, London, 1882. The introduction to this work was written by Darwin. Wohler, Friedrich. ' (See Liebig and WÔhler.) Wundt, Wilhelm Max. See vol. iv., p. 268.

Grundzuge der physiologischen Psychologie, 1874. Many articles by Wundt have appeared in the Philosophische Studien, published at Leipzig.

V.—ASTRONOMY

Astronomische G es disc haft.

A quarterly journal of astronomy published in Leipzig.

Berry, Arthur.

A Short History of Astronomy, New York, 1899. Bertrand, J. L. F.

Les fondateurs de Vastronomie modern: Copernic, Tycho Brake, Kepler, Galileo, et Newton, Paris, 1865. This gives an interesting account of the lives and works of these philosophers.

Flammarion, C.

Vie de Copernic, et histoire de la dÉcouverte du systÈme du monde, Paris, 1872. Forster, W.

Johann Kepler und die Harmonie der Sphcren, Berlin, 1862.

Jensen, P.

Die Kosmologie der Babylonier, Strasburg, 1890. 261

Lockyer, Joseph Norman.

The Dawn of Astronomy; a Study of the Temple Worship and Mythology of the Ancient Egyptians, London, 1894. Loom is.

History of Astronomy, New York, 1855.

Rothmann.

History of Astronomy (in the Library of Useful Knowledge), London, 1834.

SociÉtÉ Astronomique de France. Monthly bulletin, Paris.

Thompson, R. Campbell.

Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon, p. 19, London, 1900.

Wolf, R.

Geschichte der Astronomie, Munich, 1877.

VI.—PHYSICS (ELECTRICITY)

Annalen der Physik, Leipzig. Edited by Dr. Paul Drude. (Note—Heavy, scientific, up-to-date. Is apparently under the patronage of all the big physicists, such as Roentgen, etc.)

A tit della Associazione Elethotecnica Italiana (at Rome). A large bi-monthly magazine, strictly technical, devoted largely to theoretical problems of electricity and allied subjects.

Bulletin International de VElectricitÊ et Journal de VElectricitÊ {rÉunis). A semi-monthly four-page paper dealing with the technical application of electricity in its various fields.

Die Dissozuerung und Umwandlung chemischer Atome, by Dr. Johannes Stark, 1903. Price 150 m. "A comprehensive view of the application of the electron theory to certain phenomena."—Nature, May, 1904.

Die Kathodenstrahlen, by G. C. Schmidt, Brunswick, 1904.

"A concise and complete account of the properties of the cathode rays."—Nature, June, 1904.

Electrical Engineer.

Electrical Magazine.

Electricity. A weekly journal, published by the Electricity Newspaper Co., New York. Devoted largely to questions of the practical application of electricity, but dealing also with the theoretical side.

Elements of Electro-magnetic Theory, by S. J. Barnett, Le-land Stanford, Junior, University. Macmillan & Co., 1904.

($3.)

Handbuch der Physik, by Dr. A. Winkelmann, Leipzig, 1904. "An indispensable storehouse of expert knowledge."—Nature, July, 1904.

Hardin.

Rise and Development of the Liquefaction of Gases, New York, 1899.

La thÉorie de Maxwell et les oscillations hertziennes, la TÉlÉgraphie sans flt by H. PoincarÉ, Paris, 1904 (price 2 fr.). Interesting studies of light, etc. An interesting brochure.—Revue Scientifique, July, 1904.

Le radium et la radioactivitÉ, by Paul Besson, Paris, 1904 (price 2 fr. 75). A good exposition of the known properties of radium, marred, however, by an attempt to put in accord science and religion—À propos du radium! —Revue Scientifique, July, 1904.

Lehrbuch der Physik, by Von O. D. Chwolson, St. Petersburg, 1904. 2 vols. out. First vol. covers general physics and mechanics. Second vol. sound and radiant energy. "Excellent and quite comprehensive."—Science, review.

Park, Benjamin.

The Intellectual Rise in Electricity, New York, 1895. This is a popular account of the progress in the field of electricity from Gilbert to Franklin.

Radium and all About It, by S. Bottone, London, 1904. Published by Whittaker & Co. Price is. "An accurate account of the most important phenomena."—Nature, June, 1904.

The Physical Review. A monthly journal of experimental and theoretical physics. Published for Cornell University by the Macmillan Company. 263

Theory of Heat, by Thomas Preston, F.R.S. Second edition just out. Macmillan & Co., 185.

VII.-CHEMISTRY

American Chemical Journal. Edited by Ira Remsen, president of Johns Hopkins University. Published monthly at Baltimore, Maryland. Price $5 per annum. A strictly technical journal.

Bacon, Roger.

Mirror of Alchemy, and Admirable Power of Art and Nature, London, 1597.

Berthblot, P. E. M.

Introduction a l'Étude de la chimie des anciens et du moyen age, Paris, 1889.

Les origines de l'alchimie, Paris, 1885.

Bulletin de la SociÉtÉ Chimique de Paris. A monthly technical journal, treating all phases of the science of chemistry.

Food Inspection and Analysis, by Albert E. Leach, S. B. (John Wiley & Sons, N. Y., $7.50). Note. —This book is designed for the use of public analysts, health officers, food economists, etc.

Hoefer, J. C. F.

Histoire de la chimie, Paris, 1866-1869. This gives biographical sketches of many of the great chemists as well as the history of the development of chemistry.

Jahresbericht uber die Fortschritte der Chemie. A journal of the progress in chemistry, published irregularly in Brunswick.

Kopp, H.

Geschichte der Chemie (4 vols.), Brunswick, 1843-1847. This is an exhaustive history of the development of chemistry.

Lehrbuch der Stereochemie, by A. Werner, Jena, 1904, price 10 m. "Should be in the hands of every organic chemist."—Nature for August, 1904.

Lemoine, Y. F.

La vitalism et l'aminisme de Stahl, Paris, 1864. This discusses fully Stahl's famous theories of matter and life. Meyer, E. von.

A History of Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, London, 1898. This treats fully the subject of the phlogiston theory and its influence in the development of chemistry. Muir, M. P.

Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry, London and New York, 1899. A popular account of the development of the phlogiston theory from alchemy, giving explanations of the curious beliefs and methods of working of the alchemists. Rodwell, G. F.

The Birth of Chemistry, London, 1874. Thompson, C. J. S.

The Mystery and Romance of Alchemy and Pharmacy, in the Scientific Press, London, 1897. This is very interesting and readable. Thompson, T.

The History of Chemistry, London, 1830, 1831. Waite, Arthur Edward.

Lives of Alchemisttcal Philosophers, London, 1888. A biographical account of the most noted alchemists. This is very complete. Waite has also collected a list of the principal works of the alchemists, this list filling about thirty pages of fine print.

VIII.—GEOLOGY. BIOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY

American Geologist.

American Museum of Natural History Bulletins, New York.

A merican Naturalist.

Annales de l'Institut Pasteur (18 fr. per annum). A monthly bulletin of the Pasteur Institute, containing mostly technical articles, but also articles of interest to persons interested in problems of immunization and immune sera.

Annales des sciences naturelles: zoologie et palÉontologie, Paris.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including zoology, botany, and geology. Monthly. London. A technical magazine. Of little interest to the general reader.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. A journal of natural history published bi-monthly at Berlin.

Archiv fur Rassen-und—Gesellschaft—Biologie einschliefslich Rassen—und Gesell.-Hygiene.

Archives de biologie (quarterly), LiÈge.

Archives des sciences biologiques. St. Petersburg. Five numbers a year.

Archives Italiennes de biologie. Turin. Bi-monthly.

Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. Published monthly by the laboratory. Managing editor, Prank R. Lillie. Scientific and technical—very good.

Biologie gÉnÉrale des bactÉries, by E. Bodin, professor of bacteriology, University of Rennes, Paris, 1904. Price 2 It. 50. Studies of bacteria in general treated in a semi-popular manner. Some new ideas prepared to explain bacterial action in normal life—very good.—Revue Scientifique, review, August, 1904.

Biometrika. A journal for the statistical study of biological problems (quarterly), 305. per annum. Edited, in consultation with Francis Galton, by W. F. R. Weldon, Karl Pearson, and C. B. Davenport. A bulky journal, beautifully illustrated with plates and line cuts. Largely technical, but containing many articles of interest to general readers on laws of inheritance, hereditary influences, etc.

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. Published irregularly at Rochester.

Gcologische und Paloontologische Abhandlungen, Jena.

Johns Hopkins University, Memoirs from the Biological ^ Laboratory.

L'Échange Revue Linnienne, fondÉe par le Docteur Jacquet. Directeur, M. Pic. A monthly journal of natural history, devoted largely to entomology—small and technical. Of interest to entomologists only.

Les lois naturelles, par FÉlix le Danteg, charge du cours d'embryologie gÉnÉrale À la Sorbonne, Paris, 1904. Price 6 fr. A study in biology. "The name corresponds exactly with the contents of this admirable work."—Revue Scientifique, review, September, 1904.

Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth.

SociÉtÉ Dauphinoise d'Ethnologie et d'Anthropologie. Quarterly bulletin. Grenoble.

SociÉtÉ Zoologique de France. Monthly bulletin.

Text-book of Geology, by Sir Archibald Geikie, a vols. Fourth edition. $10. Macmillan & Co., 1904.

Text-book of Paleontology (Macmillan, 1904, $3), by Carl A. von Zittel, University of Michigan.

The Geological Magazine, or Monthly Journal of Geology, edited by Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S., etc. London, 15. Éd. per copy. A high-class technical magazine.

The American Journal of Psychology, edited by G. Stanley Hall, E. C. Sanford, and E. B. Titchnener. Published at Worcester, Massachusetts, monthly. A technical journal devoted to psychological researches.

The Naturalist, London. A monthly journal for the north of England. Edited by J. Sheppard, P.G.S., and T. W. Woodhead, F.L.S. Annual subscription, 65. 6d. A local journal, but containing general articles of interest. Semi-popular.

The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, edited by E. Ray Lankester, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.

IX.—MEDICINE

American Journal of Insanity.

American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Philadelphia.

Annales medico-psychologiques, Paris.

Arbeiten aus dem leaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte. A journal of hygiene published irregularly at Berlin.

Archiv fur Anatomie und Physiologic. A semi-monthly journal of the progress in anatomy and physiology, published at Leipzig.

Archiv fur die gesammte Physiologie, Bonn.

British Medical Journal, London.

Immune Sera, by Professor A. Wassermann, M.D., trans, by Charles Bolduan, M.D., New York and London, 1904. "We confidently commend this little book to all persons desirous of acquainting themselves with the essential facts on the subject of immune sera."—Nature, July, 1904.

Lancet, London.

Leclerc, Lucien.

Histoire de la mÉdecine arabe, 2 vols., Paris, 1876. This work is very complete and well written.

Medical Record, New York.

Medical Times, New York.

Pagel, Julius.

Einfuhrung in die Geschichte der Medicin, Berlin, 1898. This is not as exhaustive as Baas's book, but is written in a much more readable style.

Park, Roswell.

Epitome of thf History of Medicine, Philadelphia, 1899.

Paul of AEgina.

The Works of, published by the Sydenham Society, London, 1841, are well worth reading, as giving a clear understanding of the status of medicine in the seventh century.

Sprengal, K. P. J.

Histoire de la mÉdecine depuis son origine jusqu'au dix-neuviÈme siÈcle, 8 vols., Paris, 1815-1820. This is a French translation of the German work, and is more available than the original volumes. It is, perhaps, the most exhaustive history of medicine ever attempted.

The Journal of Hygiene, edited by George H. F. Nuttall, M.D., Ph.D. A quarterly journal of hygiene (2 is. per annum), containing many interesting articles on subjects connected with hygiene and of interest to general readers.

The Journal of Physiology, edited by Sir Michael Foster, K.C.B., M.D., F.R.S., and J. N. Langley, Sc.D., F.R.S. Issued quarterly. Price Ss. C. J. Clay & Sons, London.

X.—ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

American Anthropologist. F. W. Hodge, editor, Washington, D. C. Published quarterly for the American Anthropological Association ($4.50 per annum). Technical (or semi-technical). "A medium of communication between students of all branches of anthropology." Much space devoted to Indian language, etc.—;a very good journal. American Journal of Archoology. American Journal of Sociology.

Archivo per V antropologia e V etnologia, Florence. Three numbers a year. A journal devoted to anthropology and ethnology. Avebury, Lord (Sir John Lubbock).

The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man. Mental and social condition of modern savages. New York, 1870. Brinton, Daniel Garrison, M.D.

The Basis of Social Relation, a Study in Ethnic Psycliol-ogy, edited by L. Farrand, New York, 1902. Clodd, Edward.

Myths and Dreams, London. 1885. Story of Primitive Man, 3d edition, London, 1897. The Childhood, of tlte World. A simple account of man in early times. London, 1893. Dawkins, W. Boyd.

Early Man in Britain, London, 1880. Cave Hunting. Researches on the evidence of caves respecting the early inhabitants of Europe. London, 1874. Dellenbaugh, Frederick S.

The North Americans of Yesterday, New York, 1901. Deniker, Joseph.

Races of Man. An outline of anthropology and ethnology. London, 1900. Grierson, P. J. H. Hamilton.

The Silent Trade. A contribution to the early history of human intercourse. London, 1903. Haeckel, Dr. Ernst Heinrich.

Anthropogenic; oder Entwickelungsgeschichtc des Men-schen, 4th edition, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1891. 269

MÜller, Friedrich.

Ethnographie; auf Grund des von K. von Scherzer gesammetten Materials. Vienna, 1868.

Murtillbt, Gabriel de.

Le prÉhistorique antiquitÉ de Vhomme. Paris, 1883.

Powell, John Wesley.

"Relation of Primitive Peoples to Environment." In Smithsonian Institution Report. Washington, 1896. Reports of American Ethnology, in the annual reports of the U. S. Bureau of Ethnology since 1877.

Quatrepages (A. de Q. de Brun).

Histoire gÉnÉrale des races humaines. Paris, 1889.

Ratzel, Friedrich.

The History of Mankind, 3 vols., trans, by A. J. Bubler, London, 1896-1898.

Revue de l'Ecole d'Anthropologie de Paris. Monthly. Published by the professors. Treats all phases and branches of anthropology.

Science de l'homme et mÉthode anthropologique, by Alphonse Cels, Paris and Brussels, 1904. 7 francs. "As a highly abstract and suggestive exposition of the nature and scope of anthropology, this book deserves a place in the library of the anthropologist."—Nature, September 24, 1904.

SociÉtÉ AcadÉmique d'ArchÉologie, Paris.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOR THE FIVE VOLUMES

BOOK I

BOOK II. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN SCIENCE

BOOK III. MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES

BOOK IV. MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

BOOK V. ASPECTS OF RECENT SCIENCE