INDEX

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A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, Y, Z

Abderitic towns, 52.
Abendblatt, 223, 225.
Abrahams, 90, 231.
Abramowitsch, Solomon Jacob, translated into Polish, 10;
his use of the older language, 20;
his vocabulary, 22;
cradle song, 86;
translates Sabbath prayers and hymns, 97;
allegory in 'Judel,' 97, 98;
review of his life and writings, 148-160;
first work in Kol-mewasser, 150;
his birth, 150;
education, 150;
wanderings, 150, 151;
life in Kremenets, 151;
meeting with Gottlober, 151, 152;
beginning of literary career, 152;
artistic nature, 152;
compared with his predecessors, 152, 153;
his ideal of reform, 153;
love of the people, 153, 154;
style and language, 154;
abandons anonym, 155;
'The Little Man,' 155;
'The Meat-Tax, or the Gang of City Benefactors,' 155, 156;
a social factor, 156;
'Fischke the Lame,' 156, 157;
study of mendicant life, 157;
'The Dobbin,' 157-159;
psychological study, 157;
prophecy, 158;
personifies the Jewish race in the allegory, 159;
prohibition of re-issue of book, 159;
'The Wanderings of Benjamin the Third,' 159, 160;
study from nature, 159;
creates the 'Jewish Don Quixote,' 159;
'The Enlistment,' 160;
scientific articles, 160;
called 'Grand-father,' 160;
ceases writing, 178;
on prayers, 245, 246;
'The Useful Calendar,' 252;
and see ix, 51, 176, 177, 179, 187, 231, 234, 235, 251, 252, 255.
Extracts and translations: 'The Dobbin,' 276-285;
'Parasiteville,' 284-295.
Abramsky, 237.
Absorption of Russian Jews by America, xi, 119.
Adelberg, S., 51.
Africa, Jews in, 248.
'Ahasuerus-play,' 231, 234, 239.
"A kleine Weile wÖllen mir spielen," 56.
Aksenfeld, Israel, influenced by Lefin, 136;
review of his life and works, 140-145;
influence of his wife, 141;
'The Fillet of Pearls,' 141, 142;
style and language, 142;
drama, 142-145;
'The First Recruit,' 142-145;
his works as historical documents, 145;
anonym, 148, 149;
and see 137, 138, 154, 160, 161, 177, 234, 235.
Alexander stories, compared to Schaikewitsch's novels, 174.
Alexander II., his reforms not liberal, 158;
play at coronation, 235.
Allegory, not employed by Ehrenkranz, 77;
in Goldfaden's songs, 87, 88;
in Abramowitsch's works, 97, 98;
why resorted to by Russian authors, 211, 212;
employed by Perez, 212, 213.
Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, 29, 31.
Almanacs, Abramowitsch's, 160;
Harkavy's, 227;
their importance, 252, 253.
Alperin, J. J., 155.
"A Maedele werd a Kale," 62.
America, difficulty of collecting data in, x;
absorbing Russian Jews, xi, 119;
future of J. G. in, 10;
evolution of J. G., 22;
badchen, 93;
poetry, 118-130;
increased well-being, 118;
dulling of Jewish sensibilities, 119;
American ballads in J. G., 119;
in Zunser's songs, 120;
in J. G. literature, 134, 135;
Longfellow in J. G., 168;
H. Beecher-Stowe in J. G., 171;
prose writers in, 216-230;
Russian Jews before 1881, 216, 217;
the immigration, 217, 218;
first writers, 218;
daily press, 219;
socialistic propaganda, 219, 220;
authors, 220-224;
magazines, 226-229;
instruction in citizenship, by Harkavy, 228;
and see 64, 135, 214, 248.
American People's Calendar, 227;
and see 10.
Americana Germanica, 76.
Americanus, 10.
Amphibrachic measure, in Rosenfeld's poetry, 129.
Amsterdam, viii, 19, 32.
Anarchists, Jewish, in America, 121-123;
Edelstadt, 122, 123;
periodical in J. G., 223;
and see 126.
Andersen's fables, in J. G., 44.
Andover Review, on J. G. literature, 10.
Andree, R., attacks J. G., 12.
Animal life, in literature, 157-159, 213.
Anonyms, 148, 149, 155, 171.
Anthropology, in literature, 249.
Anuarul pentru Israeliti, 44, 51.
Apotheker, David, 80, 81.
Appleton & Co., 221.
Arabic, in non-Semitic languages, 15;
'Thousand and One Nights,' 27;
word-books in J. G., 248.
Arbeiterzeitung, as an educator, 219;
its history, 221, 223;
and see 225.
Archiv fÜr Litteraturgeschichte, 27.
'Arise, my People!' M. Gordon's, 83.
'Aristocratic Marriage, The,' Goldfaden's, 87, 88.
Arithmetic, in J. G., 246.
Art, conception of its perfection, 95.
Arthur, King, in J. G., 2, 4, 43.
Asiatic Museum, J. G. collection, viii.
Assimilation, advanced by M. Gordon, 83, 84;
of no avail, 158;
as viewed by Spektor, 185;
no longer preached, 191.
Assyria, 50.
Astor Library, manuscript of Ettinger, 101.
Atlantic Monthly, 221.
Atonement day, in songs, 67.
'Atonement Day, The,' Dienesohn's, 190, 191;
extract and translation, 314-325.
"Auf'n Barg steht a TaÜbele," 65.
'Aunt Sosie,' Goldfaden's, 236;
extract and translation, 268-273.
Austria, J. G. books in German letters, 256.
Awramowitsch, coupletist, 119.
Badchens, imitate Galician poets, 80;
school of, 90-94;
his functions, 91;
Zunser's innovation, 91, 92;
American modification of, 93, 94;
why popular, 104;
and see 61, 95.
Bader, Gerschon, 253.
Baethgen, F., 29.
Bakst, printer, 254.
Ballads, Rosenfeld's, 128;
Goldfaden's, 237;
singers of, in Roumania, 237.
Bal-schem-tow, birth, 35;
legends of, 38-40;
legendary life, 39, 40;
Spektor's novel of, 186.
'Bar of Soap, The,' Berenstein's, 86.
'Bar-kochba,' Goldfaden's, 239.
Bas-kol, 252.
Bastille, in J. G. poetry, 123.
'Beard, The,' M. Gordon's, 84.
Beckermann, 174.
Beecher-Stowe, H., in J. G., 171.
'Beggar Family, The,' Rosenfeld's, 127.
Beggar songs, 66.
Beilinsohn, printer, 254.
"Bei'm Breg Wasser thu' ich st?hn," 60.
Bender, A. P., 50.
BÉranger, translated, 89.
Berdichev, and Abramowitsch, 31, 152, 153, 155, 160;
printers, 254.
Berenson, B., on literature, 10.
Berenstein, S., and M. Gordon, 82, 83;
his German culture, 85, 86;
poems, 86, 87;
cradle song, 88.
Bernas, I., editor of Handelskalender, 253;
of Hatikwoh, 256.
Bernstein, A., in J. G., translation and imitation, 171, 202.
Bernstein, Ignaz, proverbs, 51, 193.
Bernstein's Natural Science, in J. G., 249.
Ber?adskij, S. A., on Saul Wahl, 54.
Bescht, see Bal-schem-tow.
Betrothal, early, 57.
'Betrothal, The,' Goldfaden's, 87.
'Bevys of Hamptoun,' in J. G., 8, 27, 43;
mentioned by Dick, 169.
Bibikov, 155.
Bible, Blitz, 19;
apocryphal stories, 29;
preferred to Czar, 68;
Biblical songs, Goldfaden's, 88.
Bibliography, imperfect data, ix;
in Volksbiblioth?k, 199, 200.
Biblioth?k, see JÜd. Biblioth?k.
Bick, J. S., defends Lefin, 136.
Bilingualism, of medieval literatures, 1;
of Jews, 2.
Biographies, by Dick, 171;
of Rabbis, 244.
'Bird, The,' Zunser's, 93.
Blaustein, 174.
Blitz Bible, its language, 19.
Blumauer, translated, 249.
Daudet, in J. G., 225.
'David and Goliath,' 231.
'David Copperfield,' translated, 225.
David, King, in legend, 32.
'Day and Night,' Broder's, 80.
'Decktuch, D?s,' Gottlober's, 76, 145, 146.
Declaration of Independence, in J. G., 228.
'Despair,' Rosenfeld's, 128.
'Destiny, or Discussions for Pleasant Pastime,' S. Sobel's, 96.
Deterioration, of J. G., since Dick, 172-174;
its cause, 175, 176.
Deutsche Mundarten, 13.
Dialects, of J. G., 17-22;
origin near the Middle Rhine, 17, 18;
contact kept up with literary German, 18;
uniformity in books, 18;
evolution of, in Russia, 18, 19;
in literature, 21, 22.
'Dialogue of the New-born Soul with the Angel of Life,' 96.
Dick, Aisik Meier, his corrupt language, 22, 23;
deterioration of language, 134;
review of his works, 169-172;
noble purpose, 169-171;
earnestness, 171;
prolific activity, 171;
cheap editions, 171, 172;
anonyms, 171;
his followers, 172;
death, 177;

and see 35, 68, 145, 173-175, 179, 189, 193, 216.
Dickens, Charles, in J. G., 225.
Dictionary, Lifschitz's, 247.
Dienesohn, Jacob, on J. G. literature, 10;
rejoinder to Graetz, 13;
review of his works, 189-191;
'The Dark Young Man,' 189;
his popularity, 189;
creates the sentimental novel, 189;
activity in the Volksblatt, 190;
'Stone in the Way,' 190;
'Herschele,' 190;
his gentleness, 190;
'The Atonement Day,' 190, 191;
compared with Rabinowitsch, 195;
and see viii, 192, 233, 253;
extract and translation, 314-325.
'Dietrich of Bern,' 4, 43.
Difficulty of study of J. G. literature, viii, ix.
Diminutives, Slavic, in J. G., 108.
'Discovery of America, The, 'Hurwitz's, 134;
its popularity, 136;
and see 147, 248.
Dispute, songs of, Ehrenkranz's, 78;
Broder's, 80;
Linetzki's, 82;
Zunser's, 93;
S. Sobel's, 96.
Dlugatsch, 22.
'Do, do, Huckleberry, Do,' in J. G., 119.
'Dobbin, The,' Abramowitsch's, 157-159, and see 176;
extract and translation, 276-285.
'Doctor ——,' Browning's, 168.
'Doctor Almosado,' Goldfaden's, 239.
'Doctor Kugelmann,' 166.
Dolizki, M. M., 229.
'Don Carlos,' on J. G. stage, 240.
'Don Quixote,' Cervantes's in J. G., 228;
and see 'Jewish Don Quixote, The.'
Dostoyevski, in J. G., 225.
Drama, songs, in Goldfaden's, 89;
in America, 119, 120;
Rosenfeld's dramatic character, 129;
'Serkele,' Ettinger's, 138-140;
'The First Recruit,' Aksenfeld's, 142-145;
'The Fillet of Pearls,' Gottlober's, 145, 146;
Abramowitsch's, 156, 160;
Falkowitsch's, 174;
older mysteries, 231-233;
'David and Goliath,' 231;
'The Sale of Joseph,' 231-233;
'The Greatness of Joseph,' 232;
'The Book of the Wisdom of Solomon,' 232;
'Sale of Joseph,' Zunser's, 232, 233;
present performances of mysteries, 233;
'Purim plays,' 234;
Kamrasch's, at coronation of Alexander II., 235;
older literature, 235, 236;
semi-dramatic style, 235;
German models, 235;
couplets in Aksenfeld's and Gottlober's, 235, 236;
Goldfaden's, 236-240;
'The Two Neighbors' and 'Aunt Sosie,' 236;
creation of stage, 236-238;
in Bukarest, 236, 237;
in Odessa, 237, 238;
his immediate followers, 238;
attack on theatre, 239;
Goldfaden's rÉpertoire, 239;
translated into Polish, 239;
in America, 240-242;
its deterioration, 240;
Gordin's, 241, 242;
revival of, 242, 243;
popular form of poetry, 243;
and see 229 and Comedy.
'Driver, The,' Perez's, 113.
'Drubbing of the Apostate at Foolstown, The,' Epstein's, 166.
Dukes, L., 29.
Dutch words, in J. G., 19.
'Dworele,' Gordin's, 241.
'Ecclesiastes,' Lefin's, 136;
in Chrestomathy, 258-261.
Economics, in J. G., 208.
Edelstadt, David, poetry, 122, 123.
Egypt, 50.
Ehrenkranz, Wolf, review of his works, 77-80;
improvisations, 77;
his Hebrew translation, 77;
songs of reflection, 77, 78;
songs of dispute, 78;
Zuspiele, 78;
'Memento mori,' 78;
other poems, 79;
Khassid songs, 79;
imitated by Zunser, 91, 92;
and see 82, 87, 103;
poem and translation, 260-265.
Eisenmenger, 29.
Eisenstadt and Schapiro, printers, 96.
Eldad ha-Dani, 30.
Elijah, in legends, 31, 32;
and see 39, 169.
'Elischewa,' Gordin's, 241.
Emeth, The, Winchevsky's, 124, 226, 227.
'Empty Bottle, The,' Berenstein's, 86.
England, poetry in, 121, 122;
Winchevsky in, 124;
Rosenfeld in, 125;
Russian Jews in, 248;
periodicals, 255, 256.
English, element in J. G., 22;
missionaries writing in J. G., 135, 136, 244;
authors, in translation, 168, 171, 225;
for Jews, 228;
Jewish authors in, 229, 230;
and see x, 17, 27.
'Enlistment, The,' Abramowitsch's 160.
Ephemeral nature, of periodicals, xi;
of literature, 253, 254.
Epic poetry, why none, 54.
Epigrams, Ettinger's, 101;
Winchevsky's, 227.
Eppelberg, 253.
Epstein, M., poetry, 165, 166;
and see 99, 235.
Ersch and Gruber, 30.
Erter, imitated by Gottlober, 146.
Ethical treatises, 5, 244.
Ettinger, Solomon, Dr., fables, 99;
review of his life and works, 101-103;
biography, 101;
imitation of German models, 101;
his works not specifically Jewish, 101, 102;
'Serkele,' 138-140;
ideal and real characters of his drama, 139;
and see 20, 73, 108, 109, 111, 136-138, 147, 148, 152, 154, 177, 234, 235, 236;
poems and translations, 260, 261.
Expatriation, in songs, 67.
Fables, 99-101;
translations of Krylov, 99, 100;
Suchostawer's, 99;
Gottlober's 'The Parliament,' 99, 100;
Krylov translated by Reichersohn and Singer, 100;
by Katzenellenbogen, 100;
Ettinger's, 101;
Winchevsky's, 124.
Fairy tales, Frischmann's, 202.
'Faithful Love, A,' Frumkis's, 243.
Falkowitsch, J. B., dramas, 174;
and see 235.
'False Hope, The,' Berenstein's, 86.
Familienfreund, Der, 106;
and see 83, 87, 91, 101, 164, 179, 194, 202.
Familienkalender, Spektor's, 91, 96, 116, 179, 213.
Farces, with German letters, 256.
'Fashionable Shoemaker, The,' Spektor's, 181-183.
Faust, bookseller, ix.
Feder, Tobias, attack on J. G., 136.
Feigenbaum, 228, 229.
Feigensohn, Russian Grammar, 247.
"Ferd h?b' ich vun Paris," 71.
'Ferry, The,' Zunser, 93.
Feuilletons, in rhyme, Samostschin's, 117;
and see 178.
'Fillet of Pearls, The,' Aksenfeld's, 141, 142;
and see 147.
"Finster is' mein' Welt," 60.
'Firebrand, The,' Goldfaden's, 88.
'First Bath of Ablution, The,' Rosenfeld's, 128.
'First Khassid, The,' Lefin's, 138.
'First Recruit, The,' Aksenfeld's, 142-145;
and see 160.
'Fischke the Lame,' Abramowitsch's, 156, 157;
psychological study, 157.
'Fl?h vun Tischebow, A,' Frischmann's, 201.
'Floris and Blanchefleur,' 43.
'Flower, The,' Zunser's, 93.
Folklore, German, among Slavic Jews, 4;
its relation to medievalism, 8;
in J. G., 25-52;
diffusion of, 25;
innate love of, 26;
long survival of, 36, 27;
its composite nature, 27, 28;
Mendelssohnian Reform opposed to, 28;
Talmudical substratum, 29-32;
the Sambation, 30, 31;
treated by Meisach, 30, 31;
by Abramowitsch, 31;
Elijah, 31, 32;
Moses and David, 32;
medieval legends, 32-36;
Maimonides, 32-34;
local legends in Slavic countries, 34, 35;
in Wilna, 35;
the Golem, 36;
the Thirty-six (Lamed-wow) saints, 36-38;
Khassidic legends, 38-42;
miracles, 38;
Bal-schemtow, 38-40;
stories of his followers, 40, 41;
story of penance and the grateful dead person, 218, et passim.
Gilgulim, in folklore, 44, 50;
in Gottlober's work, see Transmigration.
Girls' songs, 55, 57-59.
Globus, 12, 38, 44.
Gloom, in folksong, 90;
in Rosenfeld, 129.
Goethe, 128.
Gogol, translated by Schaikewitsch, 173;
compared with S. Rabinowitsch, 195, 196;
adapted by Gordin, 241.
Goido, J., his activity in Russia, 213, 214;
in America, 224, 225;
and see 10, 226, 228.
Goldfaden, Abraham, review of his poetry, 87-89;
allegorical and historical songs, 87, 88;
'The Jew,' 87;
'The Aristocratic Marriage,' 87, 88;
'That Little Trace of a Jew,' 88;
his prolific activity, 88, 89;
poetry in his dramas, 89;
'The Jewess,' 89;
his most original period, 89;
'Schabssiel,' influenced by Abramowitsch, 98;
in America, 120, 218;
starts periodical, 218;
founds theatre, 236-239, and see Theatre;
and see 86, 92, 103, 106, 118, 187, 235, 242, 251, 253, 256;
extracts and translation, 268-273.
Goldstein, Rosa, 116.
'Gold Watch, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
Golem, 36.
Golubok, 240.
Gonto, in rhymed chronicle, 70.
Gordin, J., dramatist, review of his life and works, 241, 242.
Gordon, Jehuda Loeb, not translator of 'Two Grenadiers,' 75;

review of his poetry, 89, 90;
not surpassed in simplicity of diction, warmth of feeling, and purity of language, 90;
and see 7, 105, 117, 177, 178;
poem and translation, 272-277.
Gordon, Michel, review of his life and works, 82-85;
compared with Berenstein, 82, 83;
his poetry militant, 83, 84;
'Arise, my People,' 83, 84;
preaches assimilation, 84;
decries evil customs, 84, 85;
his definition of true culture, 85;
his ballad, 85;
Frug's obligation to, 108;
and see 73, 87-89, 91, 92, 103, 106, 107, 148, 177, 187, 233;
poem and translation, 264-269.
Gorki, imitated by Kobrin, 226.
Gosche, see Archiv.
Gottlieb, H. L., 256.
Gottlober, H. L., his popular poems, 76, 77;
adaptations of German authors, 76;
his fable 'The Parliament,' 99, 100;
influenced by Lefin, 136;
his comedy 'The Marriage Veil,' 145, 146;
his satire 'The Transmigration,' 146;
meeting with Abramowitsch, 151, 152;
his daughter, 152;
idealized by Abramowitsch, 155;
and see viii, 7, 20, 73, 75, 76, 91, 101, 137, 141, 147, 148, 154, 234, 235.
'Grab, Das,' Uhland's, in J. G., 121.
'GrÄberlied, Das,' Gottlober's, 76.
GrÄtz, his dogmatic statements, 13;
translated, 165, 249.
Grammar, J. G., why none, 246, 247.
'Grandfather,' see Abramowitsch.
'Greatness of Joseph, The,' 232.
Greek, spelling compared with J. G., 21;
Church, its missions among Jews, 244.
'Greeting to Zion,' Schafir's, 81.
Grillparzer, on J. G. stage, 241.
Grimm's fairy tales in J. G., 44.
GrossglÜck, Solomon, 213.
GrÜnbaum, M., his ignorance of J. G., ix, 9, 13.
GÜdemann, M., his attitude to J. G., 13;
and see 17, 51.
GÜnsburg, 134;
and see Hurwitz, Ch.
Gurewitsch, 226.
Gutzkow, translated, 238.
Gypsy, xi.
Hajisroeli, 251.
Hajoez, 256.
Hamagid, 152.
Hameliz, 148, 149, 177, 251.
Handelskalender, see JÜd. Handelskalender.
'Happy Reader of the Haphtora, The,' Zweifel's, 175.
Harkavy, Alexander, 227, 228;
founds almanac, 227;
writer of text-books, 228;
teacher of American citizenship, 228;
his deserts in the education of the Jews, 228;
translates 'Don Quixote,' 228.
Harkavy, Professor, his gift of books, ix.
'Harp, The,' Hornstein's, 117.
Haskala, see Reform.
Hatikwoh, 256.
Hauptmann, 111.
Hausfreund, Der, compared with the Volksbibliothek, 110;
its popular character, 186, 187;
contributors to, 187;
its aim, 199;
criticisms in, 201;
and see 10, 21, 51, 83, 87, 90, 91, 96, 107, 116, 164, 179, 190, 194, 202, 213, 214, 238, 252.
'He and She,' Perez's, 113.
Hebrew, compared to Latin, 2;
learning in Slavic countries, 6;
instruction in, 16;
in Germany, 17;
religious literature in, 18;
studies of Abramowitsch, 151, 152;
language of enlightenment in Galicia, 72;
translations, Ehrenkranz's and others, 77;
literature, affecting J. G., 7;
in translation, Gottlober's, 76, 147;
Samostschin's, 117;
from Luzzato, 168;
words, their spelling, x;
in J. G., before 16th century, 15;
in J. G., vocabulary, 22;
in Linetzki, 22;
their absence in Winchevsky and Edelstadt, 122;
in mnemonic songs, 56.
Hebrew American, 228.
Hebrew Puck, 227.
Heilige Land, Das, 87, 91, 201, 252.
Heine, Perez's obligations to, 111;
his imitation of, 114;
Rosenfeld's obligations to, 126;
and see 75.
Heinike, H., 50.
'Hektor and Andromache,' Schiller's, parodied, 121.
Held, Hersch Meier, 155.
Helwich, Ch., 43.
Hermalin, D. M., his works, 228.
'Hernani,' Hugo's, translated, 241.
'Herschele,' Dienesohn's, 190;
and see 233.
Herschele Ostropoler, 52.
Hidden saints, 36-38.
High German, J. G. a dialect of, 17.
Hindustani, compared with J. G., 15, 17.
"Hinter Jankeles Wiegele," 54, 55;
made use of by Berenstein, 86.
Historical subjects, not used by Ehrenkranz, 77;
in Goldfaden's songs, 87;
in his dramas, 239.
History, in literature, 249;
of J. G. literature, Schulmann's, ix, 200.
'History of the Jews,' GrÄtz's translated, 165.
Hochbaum, S., 166.
'Hoffnung, Die,' Schiller's, translated, 86.
Holiday Leaves, see JontewblÄttlech.
Holland, Polish Jews in, 19;
Rosenfeld in, 125.
'Homesickness,' Schafir's, 81.
Homunculus, see Golem.
Hood, Thomas, translated, 123;
and see 114, 129.
Hornstein, G. O., his works, 117.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 221.
'How Grandfather's Child put on her First Shoes,' Spektor's, 185.
'How the Rich Live,' Winchevsky's, 124.
'Hudel,' Lew's, 99.
Hugo, Victor, translated, poetry, 123;
novel, 227;
dramas, 241.
Humor, Linetzki's, 164;
humoristic magazine, 227.
Hungary, periodical in, 256.
Hurwitz, Chaikel, 133-135;
his use of a Germanized J. G., 134;
effect of his 'Discovery of America' on the people, 134, 135;
not forgiven for writing on worldly matters, 136.
Hurwitz, coupletist, 119, 240.
Hymns, Abramowitsch's, 97.
Ibsen, translated, 241.
'I Cannot Understand,' M. Gordon's, 84.
"Ich geh' arauf auf'n Gass'," 68.
'Ich lach sich vun euere Traten aus,' Gottlober's, 76.
Iliowizi, H., 36.
Imitators, Zunser's, 93.
Imperial Library, at Berlin, viii;
at St. Petersburg, viii, x.
'Imported Bridegroom and Other Stories,' Cahan's, 221.
Improvisations, of badchens, 93.
'In the Basement,' Perez's, 210.
'In the Garden of the Dead,' Rosenfeld's, 128.
'In the Sweat-shop,' Rosenfeld's, 129.
'In the Wilderness,' Rosenfeld's, 129.
Individuality of style, evidenced by Frischmann's criticisms, 201, 202;
not developed in America, 222.
'Insane Philosopher, The,' 227;
and see Winchevsky.
'Inspector, The,' Gogol's, translated, 173.
'Iron Safe, The,' Zunser's, 93.
Isaacs, A. S., 29, 31.
'Isabella,' her works, 187-189; compared with Spektor, 187;
'The Orphan,' 187, 188;
points out dangers from superficial education, 188.
Israelitische Annalen, 29.
Isserls, Rabbenu Moses, in folklore, 37, 38.
Italian, Frug's language compared to, 108.
'Ivanhoe,' Scott's, translated, 168.
Iwre-teutsch, 20, 23.
Jacobs, J., 24, 27, 43.
Jaffa, J., 238.
JahrbÜcher f. jÜd. Geschichte und Litteratur, 27.
"J?hren kl?ine, J?hren schoene," 56.
'Jaknehos,' Rabinowitsch's, 198.
'Jankel Boile,' Kobrin's, 225.
Jargon, of the Talmud, 2;
defined, 17;
in Blitz Bible, 19;
as name of J. G., 23, 89;
of Seiffert, 23;
'Songs of the Jewish Jargon,' Frug's, 108;
no longer treated with contempt, 192.
Jassy, periodical in, 256;
and see ix.
Jehuda, Jizchok —, Ben Awraham, 250.
'Jekele Kundas,' Abasch's, 168.
Jester, see Badchen.
'Jesus the Nazarene,' Hermalin's, 228.
'Jew, The,' Goldfaden's, 87.
'Jew, then not a Jew, then a Good Jew, and again a Jew, A,' Hochbaum's, 166.
'Jewess, The,' Goldfaden's, 89.
Jewish American Library, The, 225.
'Jewish Ante-Passover,' Schatzkes's, 174.
Jewish Chronicle, 27, 28.
Jewish Commercial Calendar, The, see JÜd. Handelskalender.
'Jewish Don Quixote,' Abramowitsch's, 31, 159;
extract and translation, 284-295.
Jewish Gazette, The, its origin, 216;
prints English supplement, 229;
and see 219, 223.
'Jewish Melodies,' Sharkansky's, 121.
Jewish Popular Calendar, see JÜd. Volkskalender.
'Jewish Priest, The,' Gordin's, 242.
'Jewish Tunes,' Sharkansky's, 120.
Jews, in Slavic towns, 3;
German, of the East and West, identical before the 18th century, 6;
as travellers, 24;132.
Kantrowitz, bookseller, 216.
Karpeles, 9, 13.
Katz, 228.
Katzenellenbogen, Raschi, his fables, 99, 100;
dramas, 238;
and see 76.
Kaufmann, D., 30.
Khassidim, legends of their founder, 35;
in folklore, 38-40;
in folksong, 70;
songs on, Ehrenkranz's, 79;
life of, Linetzki's, 162, 163;
Brettmann's, 166;
defined, 168, 169;
treated by Perez, 211.
Kiev, Linetzki in, 82, 149, 164;
printing office, 255;
and see ix, 181.
'King Ahasuerus and Queen Esther,' Goldfaden's, 239.
Kirkor, A., 36.
Kl?iner Wecker, Der, 179, 202.
Kobrin, Leon, writer of sketches, 225, 226;
and see 224, 242.
Kol-leom, 252.
Kol-mewasser, founded by Zederbaum, 148, 149;
the rallying ground of Jewish writers, 178;
and see viii, 87, 101, 105, 106, 161, 251, 252.
Kol-mewasser, S. Rabinowitsch's, 23, 86, 201.
Kompert, 202.
KÖnigsberg, periodical in, 252.
KÖnigsberger, Dr. B., 29.
Kopyl, birthplace of Abramowitsch, 150.
Korben-ssider-teutsch, 20.
KÖrner, quoted by Berenstein, 85, 86.
Korolenko, translated, 225,

227;
and see 230.
Kotik and Bressler, publishers, 249.
Kowno, mysteries in, 232.
Krafft, C., 30.
Krantz, Philip, see Rombro.
Krauss, F. S., 12.
Kremenets, Abramowitsch in, 150, 151.
Krylov, translated, 99, 100.
Lachrymose novel, Dienesohn's, 189.
'Lame Marschalik, The,' 93.
Lamedwownik, see Hidden Saints.
Lamteren, 116.
Landau, A., 13, 14.
Lassale, translated, 223.
Lateiner, J., 240.
Latin, compared to Hebrew, 1.
'Law Written on Parchment, The,' M. Gordon's, 90, 105;
in Chrestomathy, 272-277.
Learning, see TÖre.
Lefin, Minchas Mendel, founder of modern period, 20;
review of his life and works, 136-138;
his opponents and friends, 136;
obligations of later writers to, 136, 137;
introduces the vernacular into literature, 137;
founds popular literature, 137, 138;
gives himself example for new departure, 138;
and see 101, 133, 147, 152, 154;
extract and translation, 258-261.
Legends, of Saul Wahl, 52;
and see Folklore.
'Leier, Die,' Apotheker's, 80.
Leipsic, printing of Aksenfeld's works, 149.
'Leipsic Fair, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 79.
Lemberg, Mendelssohnian Reform in, 20;
books printed in, 27, 40, 255;
and see ix, 250.
'Lemech the Miracle Worker,' Epstein's, 99, 165.
Lenz, 12.
Lerner, J. J., on folksong, 53, 192;
his dramas, 238;
and see ix, 140, 195, 242.
'Les MisÉrables,' V. Hugo's, translated, 227.
Lesselroth, B., 133, 136.
Lessing, translated, 101, 103, 138, 147, 165, 168, 241.
Letterwriter, in J. G., 246.
Levi, G., 28.
LÉvi, Is., 28, 43.
Levi, J., 157.
Levinsohn, J. B., his J. G. work, 140;
and see 73, 102, 132, 137, 138.
Levinsohn, Ludwig, his comedy, 167;
and see viii, 235.
Levinsohn, printer, 254.
Levita, Elia, 43.
Lew, M. A., 99.
Libin, Z., see Gurewitsch.
'Library of Novels,' Zuckermann's, 256.
Lifschitz, 247.
Lifschitz, J., 238.
Lilienblum, his drama, 238.
Linetzki, Izchak Joel, his Hebraisms, 23;
his poetical works, 82;
compared with Ehrenkranz, 82;
review of his life and works, 161-165;
popularity of 'The Polish Boy,' 161;
graphic description of Khassid's life, 161, 162;
his life, 162-164;
is too didactic, 164;
his Rabelaisian humor, 164;
absence of plot, 164;
later works less readable, 164;
his translations, 165;
publishes almanac, 253;
and see ix, 20, 51, 54, 86, 91, 103, 106, 149, 175, 177, 178, 187, 211, 251, 256.
Ling, L., 123.
Liondor, L. A., letterwriter, 246.
Literatur un' Leben, Perez's, 210;
and see 179, 213, 214.
'Literature and Life,' see Literatur un' Leben.
Lithuania, its Jewish dialect, defined, 18;
used by authors, 21, 82, 154:
its pronunciation in normalized text, x;
and see 4, 132, 171.
Litinski, 199.
'Little Man, The,' Abramowitsch's, 155;
and see 152.
Little Russian, influence on J. G., 19;
tune in J. G. song, 89.
'Little Stories for Big Men,' Perez's, 212, 213;
allegory in, 212;
contents, 212, 213.
Loeb, Is., 28.
Lokschen, Frischmann's, 201.
London, collection of J. G. literature in, viii;
in J. G. poetry, 124;
theatre in, 240;
publications, 256;
and see 223.
Longfellow, translated, 168.
Lotze, H., 27.
Love, not in vocabulary, 57, 112;
in folksong, 59;
Spektor's conception of, 181;
as treated by Perez, 209.
LÖwenstein, L., 74.
Lubbock, John, translated, 224.
Lublin, printing in, 27, 244, 255.
Luzzato, translated, 168.
Lyrics, in folksong, 53;
Linetzki's, 82;
Ehrenkranz's, 79;
Perez's, 114;
Rosenfeld's, 129.
Maase Adonai, 32.
Maasebuch, offsets Gentile folklore, 2;
intended mainly for Eastern readers, 4;
Jewish legends in, 5;
and see 32, 42.
Magazines, in America, 224;
and see Periodicals.
'Maggot in the Horseradish, The,' Linetzki's, 165.
Maimon, Salomon, 132.
Maimonides, 32.
Mainz, periodical in, 251.
Maisse, see Maase.
Malay, xi.
Mame-loschen, 23.
Manes & Simel, printers, 254.
Mannheim, performance at house of Rabbi of, 231.
Manuscripts, Ettinger's, in New York, 101;
of J. G. productions, 137;
Aksenfeld's, 141.
Marks, coupletist, 119.
Marriage, early, 57;
pleasing to God, 58;
in folksong, 61.
'Marriage Veil, The,' Gottlober's, 145, 146.
Marschalik, see Badchen.
'Marschalik with One Eye,' 93.
'Mary Stuart,' Schiller's, translated, 240.
'Massacres of Gonto in Uman and the Ukraine, The,' Skomarowski's, 199, 200.
MassÉ, translated, 168.
Maundeville, Sir John, 44.
Maupassant, translated, 225.
'Measuring of the Graves,' Rosenfeld's, 128.
'Meat-Tax, or the Gang of City Benefactors, The,' Abramowitsch's, 156.
'Medea,' Grillparzer's, translated, 241.
Medicine, treated popularly by Dr. Tscherny, 200, 249.
Medievalism, preserved by Slavic Jews, 5;
in folklore, 8.
"Mein Tochter, wu bist du gewe'n?" 63.
'Meir Esofowitsch,' Orzeszko's, on stage, 241.
Meisach, 193;
and see 23, 30, 238.
Melamed, language of, 20;
in Frug's poem, 109.
Melancholy, in love songs, 59, 60.
'Melodies from the Country near the River San,' Schafir's, 81.
Melodramas, in America, 119;
Goldfaden's, 239.
MÉlusine, 43.
'Memento mori,' and 'Memento vivere,' 78.
Mendele Mocher Sforim, 155, 255;
and see Abramowitsch.
Mendelssohn, his teacher, 6;
and see Reform.
Mendicant, in literature, 157, 158.
'Merchant of Venice, The,' translated, 228.
Mesiboz, birthplace of Bal-schem-tow, 35.
'Messenger, The,' Perez's, 204, 205;
and see 210.
Michel, Louise, 123.
'Midnight Prayer,' Schafir's, 81.
'Milchomo be-Scholom,' Pawier's, 232.
Militant poetry, M. Gordon's, 83.
Military service, in folksong, 67-69;
in literature, 143-145.
Minski, 107.
Miracle-workers, 38, 39;
and see Bal-schem-tow and Epstein.
'Mirror, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
Misnagdim, defined, 168, 169;
and see 70, 133.
Missionaries, in J. G., 135;
translate New Testament, 136;
and see 244.
Mitteilungen d. Gesellschaft f. jÜd. Volkskunde, 54, 86.
'Mlawe Malke,' in legend, 32.
Mnemonic songs, 56.
Mogulesco, coupletist, 119.
'Mohammed,' Hermalin's, 228.
Mohr, A. M., 250.
Monatschrift f. Geschichte u. Wissenschaft des Judenthums, 74.
'Monisch,' Perez's, 112, 113;
and see 125.
Montefiore, Sir Moses, 81.
'Moon Prayer, The,' Rosenfeld's, 128.
Moore, Thomas, 126.
Moral treatises, rhymed, 96.
Morgenstern, bookseller, viii.
Morgulis, M. G., 157.
Moscow, The Jewish, 152;
and see 196.
Moses, in legend, 32.
Mother-in-law, in folksong, 61, 62.
Motherhood, in folksong, 55.
'Mother's Parting, A,' J. L. Gordon's, 90.
Motke Chabad, 52.
M.-Sziget, periodical in, 256.
'Mursa,' Freid's, 213.
Music, of cradle song, 86.
'My Advice,' M. Gordon's, 84.
'My Boy,' Rosenfeld's, 127.
Mysteries, 231, 232.
Mythology, German, in folklore, 49, 50.
Nadson, 107, 114.
Nagl, J. W., 13.
Narodniks, of Spektor's circle, 192;
in America, 220.
Natansohn, B., 140.
'Nathan the Wise,' Lessing's, translated, 165;
on stage, 241.
'National Songs,' Rosenfeld's, 128;
Schafir's, 81;
of America, 240.
National Theatre, Jewish theatre in, 240.
Natural Science, translated, 249.
Nature, consideration of, absent, <
Pinski, David, his works, 213, 214.
Plagiarism, Zunser's, 93.
'Plough, The,' Zunser's, 120.
Poetry, 53-130;
folksong, 53-71;
their didactic purpose, 74;
manuscript form of, 74, 75;
their anonymousness leading to mistakes, 75;
set to music, 74, 75;
Gottlober, 76, 77;
Ehrenkranz, 77-79;
Broder, 79, 80;
Apotheker, 80, 81;
Schafir, 81, 82;
Linetzki, 82;
Gordon and Berenstein, 82, 83;
M. Gordon, 83-85;
Berenstein, 85-87;
Goldfaden, 87-89;
German school of, 89;
J. L. Gordon, 89, 90;
Badchens, 90, 91;
Zunser, 91-94;
rhymed moral treatises, 95, 96;
S. Sobel and Zweifel, 96;
Abramowitsch, 96-98;
Goldfaden, 98, 99;
Lew and Epstein, 99;
fables, 99-101;


Suchostawer, 99;
Gottlober, 99, 100;
Krylov in J. G., 99, 100;
Ettinger, 101, 102;
review of development of, 103, 104;
after 1881, 105-130;
S. Rabinowitsch, 105, 106;
Familienfreund, 106;
Chaschkes, 106, 107;
Frug, 107-110;
Perez, 110-116;
minor, 116;
Frischmann, 116;
Samostschin, 116, 117;
Perel, 117;
Hornstein, 117;
in America, 117-130;
theatre couplet, 119, 120;
Reingold, 120;
Zunser, 120;
Goldfaden, 120;
Sharkansky, 120, 121;
socialistic songs, 121, 122;
Edelstadt, 122, 123;
Winchevsky, 123, 124;
Rosenfeld, 124-130;
and see 8, 198, 216, 238.
Pogrom, in song, 67, 69.
'Pogrom, The,' Gordin's, 242.
Poland, J. G., dialect of, 18;
and see 3, 50, 53, 69, 132.
'Polish Boy, The,' Linetzki's, 161, 164, 165, 175.
Polish Jew, The, Winchevsky's, 223, 255.
'Polish Scholar, The,' J. Z. Sobel's, 216.
Polish, works in J. G., 171, 225, 241;
grammar in J. G., 133, 247;
J. G. works in, 10, 157, 159, 239;
words in J. G., 16, 19;
and see 21.
Political Economy, in J. G., 249.
'Popular History of the Jews, The,' Graetz's, translated, 249.
Popular Science, in J. G., 208, 221, 222, 249.
Potapenko, translated, 225.
Prague, printing offices, 16;
in legend, 32, 36;
periodicals, 250.
Prayer, see Tchines.
Prayer-book, in verse, 96, 97.
'Precentor, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
Press, in America, 229.
Printing offices, 254, 255.
'Prizyw, The,' 231, 234;
and see Enlistment.
'Progress, Civilization,' S. Rabinowitsch's, 106.
Pronunciation, of J. G., x.
Prose, 131-256;
and see Drama, Judeo-German, etc.
Prost-jÜdisch, 23.
Proverbs, 51, 193.
'Proverbs,' Lefin's, 136.
"Przemysl, You my Dear Cradle," Schafir's, 81.
Psalms, versified, by Linetzki, 82;
Abramowitsch, 97;
translated by Lefin, 136.
Pseudonyms, 148, 149;
and see ix, 155.
Puck, imitated in J. G., 227.
'Purim and Passover,' Spektor's, 184, 185.
Purim plays, 234, 243.
'Rabbi Joselmann,' Goldfaden's, 239.
'Rabbi on the Ocean, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 79.
Rabbinical schools, 74, 235, 244, 245.
Rabbis, opposed to folklore, 26;
in legends, 32-36;
in folksong, 71;
and see 6, 50, 91, 124, 163.
Rabelaisian humor, in Linetzki, 164.
Rabinowitsch, B. Z., 75.
Rabinowitsch, M. J., his sketches, 202.
Rabinowitsch, Solomon, his poetry, 105, 106;
imitating Nekrasov, 106;
establishes JÜdische Volksbibliothek, 110;
review of his prose works, 194-201;
his versatility, and comparison with Spektor, 194;
attracts attention of Russian critics, 195;
his delineations of character, 195;
compared to Gogol and Ostrovski, 195, 196;
a litterateur, 196;
'Child's Play,' 196;
'Sender Blank,' 196, 197;
'Stempenju,' 197;
'Jossele Ssolowee,' 198;
his poetic prose not successful, 198;
history of Volksbibliothek, 198-200;
criticises Schaikewitsch, 200, 201;
and see ix, 23, 86, 172, 179, 199, 215, 220, 252, 253;
extract and translation, 300-305.
Rabnizki, as critic, 201;
and see 21.
'Rag and the Papershred, The,' Winchevsky's, 124.
'Railroad, The,' Zunser's, 93.
Rambam, see Maimonides.
'Realistic Library,' Kobrin's, 225.
Realists, in America, 222, 225.
'Reb Jossel,' Perez's, 113.
'Reb Treitel,' Spektor's, 186.
Rebe, 71;
and see Rabbi.
'Rebecca's Death,' Goldfaden's, 88.
'Recollections,' see 'Sichrones.'
'Red Caroline,' Freid's, 213.
Red Jews, 30, 159.
Reflection, songs of, 77, 82, 93.
Reform, Mendelssohnian, finding its way into Russia and Poland, 6;
forcing Jargon on J. G., 23;
in Galicia, 72;
not successful because of ostracism of J. G., 135;
connection with, broken, 191, 196;
and see 8, 89, 101, 131, 132, 148, 149.
Reformation, by Dick, 171;
and see 4.
Reichersohn, Zwi Hirsch, translator of Krylov, 100.
Reingold, I., coupletist, 120.
Remuneration of authors, 160, 199.
Resser, 249.
Retrospective spirit, in folksong, 53.
Revue des Études Juives, 28, 30.
Rhine, Slavic Jews from, 3, 18;
J. G., resembling dialects of Middle, 17.
Richter, Jean Paul, influence on Aksenfeld, 141, 147.
Rivkin, bookseller, ix.
'Rochele the Singer,' Falkowitsch's, 174.
Romancero, Perez, in style of, 111.
Romantic love, in folksong, 57.
Rombro, J., his activity, 223, 224;
and see 226, 238.
Romm, printing office, 97, 170, 254.
'Rose between Thorns, A,' Sahik's, 243.
'Rosele,' Gordin's, 241.
Rosenberg, F., 3, 74.
Rosenfeld, Morris, review of his life and works, 124-130;
his life, 125;
experience in sweat-shop, 125;
first attempts in poetry, 125, 126;
his obligations to various authors, 126;
his cry of anguish and despair, 126, 127;
review of 'The Songs from the Ghetto,' 127-129;
his dramatic and lyrical qualities, 129;
technical structure of his poems, 129, 130;
compared to Dante, 130;
and see 107, 120, 123, 229, 242;
poem and translation, 324-333.
Rosenthaliana, at Amsterdam, viii.
'Roumania Opera House,' New York, 240.
Roumania, theatre in, 236, 242;
publications, 256;
and see ix, 228.
Russian, in J. G. translation and imitation, 76, 89, 168, 171, 222, 225, 227, 253;
J. G. works translated in, 120, 156;
education among Jews, 7;
affecting J. G. literature, 8, 103;
ideals among J. G. writers, 192;
intelligence in America, 220;
grammar in J. G., 247;
Russianization unfavorable to J. G. literature, 5, 7;
Russicisms in J. G., 22;
and see x, xi, 3, 89, 107, 120, 178, 195, 212, 222, 241.
'Russian Jew in America, The,' Gordin's, 242.
'Russian Tea-machine, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 77.
'Ruy Blas,' V. Hugo's, on stage, 241.
'Sabbath Prayers,' Abramowitsch's, 97.
Sachor-Masoch, M., 38.
'Sacrifice of Isaac, The,' Goldfaden's, 239.
Sahik, David, his comedy, 243.
Saineanu, L., 14, 24.
Saints, see Hidden Saints.
'Sale of Joseph,' 231-233.
Sambation, in legend, 30, 31;
in Abramowitsch's work, 159.
Samostschin, Paltiel, his poems, 106;
and see ix, 116, 187.
Satire, Abramowitsch's, 157;
Perez's, 211;
Winchevsky's, 227.
Satulowski, M. W., his poems, 116.
'Savings of the Women, The,' L. Levinsohn's, 166, 167.
'Schabssiel,' Goldfaden's, 98.
Schadow, printer, 254.
Schafir, Bajrach Benedikt, his poems, 183, 184;
shorter stories, 185;
his strict objectivity, 185;
'Reb Treitel,' 186;
on the life of the Balschem-tow, 186;
purpose and contributors of Hausfreund, 186, 187;
and see viii, 51, 106, 179, 191, 193-195, 199, 203, 207, 214, 215, 252, 253.
Spektor, Mrs., see Isabella.
Sseefer Maisse Zadikim, 40.
Sseefer Sikor?n, 148, 150, 161, 169, 179, 195.
St. Petersburg, Imperial Library of, x;
periodicals, 105, 179;
and see viii, 238.
St?dt-anzeiger, Der, 10, 238.
'Stagnant Pool, The,' Perez's, 212.
Stars and Stripes, in J. G. literature, 120.
Steinschneider, M., his ignorance of J. G., 9;
antipathy to J. G., 13;
and see 19, 27, 196, and Serapeum.
'Stempenju,' S. Rabinowitsch's, 196, 197;
extract and translation, 300-305.
'Stepmother, The,' M. Gordon's, 85, 233;
poem and translation, 264-269.
'Stone in the Way, The,' Dienesohn's, 190.
'Story of a Piece of Bread,' MassÉ's, translated, 168.
'Story of Long Ago, A,' J. L. Gordon's, 90.
Strack, 13.
Style, Aksenfeld's, 142;
from Lefin to Abramowitsch, 154;
since Abramowitsch, 155;
Dick's, 172;
Perez's, 204.
Suchostawer, Mordechai, 99.
'Sulamith,' Goldfaden's, 239.
Superstitions, 49, 50, 193.
SÜsskind,

3.
Suwalk, birthplace of Rosenfeld, 125.
Sweat-shop, and Rosenfeld, 125;
and see 118, 119, 123, 129.
Symbolism, Perez's, 201.
Talmud, in Russia, 16, 53, 132;
folklore of, 27, 29-32, 49, 50;
legends treated by Perez, 111;
by Meisach, 193;
and see 57.
Tannenbaum, Abraham, popularizer of science, 222, 223, 249.
Tchines, language of, 20;
literature of, 244, 245;
and see 128.
Tchines-teutsch, 20.
Tears, in art, 95;
in poetry, 109.
Tendlau, A. M., 28, 52.
'Tenth Commandment, The,' Goldfaden's, 239.
'Teudo Beisroel,' J. L. Levinsohn's, 140.
Teutsch, 23.
Text-books, in J. G., 247, 248.
Thankful Dead, in folklore, 41, 42.
'That Little Trace of a Jew,' Goldfaden's, 88.
Theatre, 231-243;
old period, 231-234;
'The Sale of Joseph,' etc., 231-233;
mysteries, 232;
Zunser's play, 232, 233;
performance of 'Sale of Joseph,' 233;
Purim plays, 234;
dramas not staged, 234, 235;
early prose style dramatic, 235;
structure of drama, 235, 236;
first two comedies of Goldfaden, 236;
founds theatre in Roumania, 236, 237;
vicissitudes of, in Russia, 237, 238;
Lerner's adaptations, 238;
Goldfaden's historical dramas, 239;
established in New York, 240;
deterioration of, 240, 241;
Gordin's activity, 241, 242;
future of, 242, 243;
its primitive nature, 243;
and see Drama, Comedy.
'Theatre, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
Thirty-six, The, see Hidden Saints.
'Thousand and One Nights,' in J. G., 27, 43.
'Three Persons,' Spektor's, 185.
Till Eulenspiegel, 52.
''Tis Best to Live without Worrying,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
Titles, of books, 55.
'To Michel Gordon,' Frug's, 108.
'To Our Poet,' S. Rabinowitsch's, 105.
'To the Flowers In Autumn,' Rosenfeld's, 128, 129.
Tomaschewski, 240.
'Tombstone, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
'Tombstone-cutter, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
'Tony,' KÖrner's, quoted, 86.
Topolowsky, printer, 216.
Tore, in folksong, 54, 70.
Tradition, no, in J. G. poetry, 108.
Tragedy, see Drama.
Translations, see German, French, English, Polish, Russian, etc.
Transliteration of J. G., x.
'Transmigration, The,' Gottlober's, 146.
'Trilby,' on stage, 240.
Trubnik, J., 29.
'True Education and the False Education, The,' M. Gordon's, 85.
Tscharny, 159.
Tscherny, Dr., 200, 249.
Tunes of Songs, 74, 75, 89.
Turkish, compared with J. G., 15, 17.
Turner Hall Theatre, New York, 240.
'Turnip Soup, The,' M. Gordon, 84.
'Two Companions,' Spektor's, 183, 184.
'Two Grenadiers,' Heine's, parodied, 75.
'Two Neighbors, The,' Goldfaden's, 236.
Uhland, translated, 121.
Ukraine, blood bath of, 70.
'Uncle Moses Mendelssohn,' Lerner's, 238.
'Uncle, The,' Spektor's, 185.
'Unhappy Man, The,' 96.
'Universal History,' Resser's, 249.
Urquell, 29, 31, 38, 44, 50, 52-54.
Useful Calendar, The, Abramowitsch's, 252.
Venice, Bovo printed in, 43.
Verne, Jules, translated, 222.
Vilenkin, 107.
Volhynia, dialect of, in literature, 21;
and see 77, 150.
Volksbibliothek, see JÜd. Volksbib.
Volksblatt, see JÜd. Volksblatt.
Volksfreund, 164.
Voschod, 10, 54, 75, 90, 157, 195.
Vowels, pronunciation of, x.
Wagenseil, 42.
Wahl, Saul, 54.
'Wanderer, The,' Ehrenkranz's, 80.
'Wanderings of Benjamin the Third, The,' Abramowitsch's, 159, 160.
War, Jews opposed to, 67.
Warsaw, bookstores in, viii;
prints, 27, 244, 254;
periodicals, 133, 250;
Spektor in, 186, 187;
theatre, 239, 242;
and see 97, 125, 132, 148.
Warsaw Jewish Family Calendar, The, 253;
and see Familienkalender.
Warschauer jÜdische Zeitung, Die, viii, 76, 251.
"Wasser schaumt, Wasser schaumt," 66.
'Watch, The,' Zunser's, 92.
Wecker, see JÜd. Wecker.
Wedding, in folksong, 61.
Weiberdeutsch, 55.
Weissberg, M., 72.
'Well-known Pictures,' Perez's, 204-206.
'What is a Soul?' Perez's, 204-206.
'While you Live, you Must not Think of Death,' Ehrenkranz's, 78.
White Russian element in J. G., 19.
'Whither?' Rosenfeld's, 128.
Widerkol, 179.
Widowhood, in song, 64.
Wiener, L., 54, 76.
Wiernik, Ph., 10, 229.
Wigalois, 4.
'Wigderl the Son of Wigderl,' 166.
'Wild Man, The,' Gordin's, 242.
Wilna, local tales, 35, 36;
books printed in, 27, 134, 245, 254;
publication, 214;
and see viii, 74, 145, 149, 221.
Winchevsky, Morris, his poetry, 123, 124;
his culture and socialism, 123;
treats on social questions, 124;
his fables, 124;
his prose, 226, 227;
edits Emeth, 226, 227;
his style carefully balanced, 227;
excellence of his translations, 227;
and see 22, 107, 122, 223, 242;
poem and translation, 312-315.
Wisla, 38.
Wollmann, 167.
Woloderski, B., 83.
Women, as preservers of J. G., 18;
their love of folktales, 26;
books for, 55;
songs on, 89;
in literature, see Isabella, Goldstein.
Word-building, Abramowitsch's, 154.
Word-painting, Rosenfeld's, 126, 129, 130.
Workers' Friend, The, 223.
'Workingmen's Program,' Lassale's, translated, 223.
'World Turned Topsy-Turvy, The,' J. B. Levinsohn's, 140.
'Yekl,' Cahan's, 221.
Yiddish, 23.
'Young Tears,' Berenstein's, 86.
Youth, songs of, 56.
Zamoszcz, Ettinger in, 101;
Perez born in, 111;
seat of Haskala, 132.
Zazkin, Russian Grammar, 247.
Zbaraz, Ehrenkranz born in, 77.
ZbiÓr wiadomosci do antropologii krajowej, see Segel.
Zederbaum, founder of Kol-mewasser, 148, 149;
his deserts in J. G. letters, 177, 178;
the connecting link between two generations of writers, 177;
founds Hebrew periodical, 177;
his Kol-mewasser, 178;
founds Volksblatt, 178, 179;
and see 111, 215, 251, 252.
'Zeena Ureena', 5, 19, 43.
Zeit, Die, 229.
Zeitschrift d. Vereins f. Volkskunde, 29, 44, 54.
Zeitschrift f. Ethnologie, 44.
Zeitung, 72, 250.
Zhelezniak, in rhymed chronicle, 70.
Zhitomir, books published in, 83, 87, 97, 254;
Rabbinical school in, 74, 149;
and see 245.
Zionism, 185, 192, 193, 214, 252.
Zuckermann, publisher, 256.
Zukunft, Die, 224.
Zunser, Eliokum, his poetry, 91-93;
reforming badchen's profession, 91, 92;
his obligations to popular poets, 91, 92;
adopts manner of Galicians, 92;
his repertoire, 93;
in America, 120;
his drama, 232, 233;
and see 74, 106, 187, 218.
Zunz, 17.
Zuspiel, nature of, 78;
and see 86.
Zweifel, Elieser, Zwi, his poetry, 96;
his moral treatises, 174, 175;
and see 137, 244;
extract and translation, 264, 265.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] "Drum ir liben Mannen un' Frauen, leient ir oft daraus so wert ir drinnen behÄuen um nit zu leienen aus dem Bicher von KÜhen un' von Ditrich von Bern un' Meister Hildabrant sollt ir ach euch nit tun mÜen, nun es sein wÄrlich eitel Schmitz, sie geben euch nit Warem noch Hitz, ach sein sie nit gettlich darbei." (Serapeum, Vol. XXVII. p. 3.)

[2] F. Rosenberg, Ueber eine Sammlung deutscher Volks-und Gesellschafts-lieder in hebrÄischen Lettern, Berlin, 1888.

[3] "Drum ir liben Frauen kauft ir sie behend, e sie werden kummen in fremden LÄnd, in Pehm un' in Reussen un' in Polen, aso wert man sie ach tun weidlich holen, un' andern LÄndern mer, drum kauft ir sie ser, dernoch werd ir sagen, warum hab ich keins gekauft, da sie sein gewesen in Land." (Serapeum, Vol. XXVII. p. 3.)

[4] G. Karpeles, Geschichte der jÜdischen Literatur, Berlin, 1886, 1029 pp.

[5] M. Steinschneider, Die italienische Litteratur der Juden, in Monatschrift fÜr Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Vol. XLII. pp. 74-79.

[6] M. GrÜnbaum, Die jÜdisch-deutsche Litteratur in Deutschland, Polen und Amerika (Abdruck aus Winter und WÜnsche, Die jÜdische Litteratur seit Abschluss des Kanons, Bd. III. s. 531 ff.), Trier, 1894, 8vo, 91 pp.

[7] B. Berenson, Contemporary Jewish Fiction, in Andover Review, Vol. X. pp. 598-602.

[8] J. Dienesohn, Die jÜdische Sprache un' ihre Schreiber, in Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 1-20; N. Solotkov, A Maisse wegen Maisses; oder A Blick Über die argonische Literatur, in Stadt-anzeiger, No. I. pp. 11-16, No. II. pp. 17-22; J. Goido, Die argonische Literatur in America, in Amerikanischer Volkskalender, Vol. III. pp. 73-77; Americanus, Die jÜdisch-deutsche Literatur in America, in Neuer Geist, No. VI. pp. 352-355.

[9] Novosti argonnoj literatury, in Voschod, Vol. IX. No. 7, pp. 19-37; see also Sistematiceskij ukazatel', pp. 285-287, Nos. 4651-4683.

[10] Cf. Ph. Wiernik, Wie lang wet unser Literatur blÜhen? in Neuer Geist, No. VI.

[11] The Pale of Jewish settlement is confined to the western provinces, coinciding almost exactly with the old kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania.

[12] To cite one example out of many: In the Journal of American Folklore, Vol. VII. pp. 72-74, there appeared a short appeal, by F. S. Krauss, to the folklorists of America, to collect whatsoever of Jewish lore may be found here ere the German Jews become entirely Americanized. It seems that Krauss had in mind the German language; but, for some reason, R. Andree, editor of the Globus, thought of Judeo-German, whereupon he made a violent attack upon it in an article, Sprachwechsel der Juden in Nord-America, in Vol. LXV. of his periodical, p. 363. Lenz, in his Eindringlinge im WÖrter-und Zitaten-schatz der deutschen Sprache (MÜnster, 1895, 8vo, 28 pp.), caps, however, the climax in his antipathy for the Jargon by making it the subject of antisemitic propaganda!

[13] Even Frug, who is a master of the dialect, and who wields it with more vigor than the Russian language, thought it necessary to devote a whole series of poems to the reluctant defence of his vernacular, in Lieder vun dem jÜdischen argon, in JÜdisches Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage) pp. 881-896; also reprinted in his Lieder un' Gedanken. Cf. p. 108 of the present work.

[14] Witness the frequent dogmatic statements and attacks on it by the historian GrÄtz. These finally brought forth a rejoinder by J. Dienesohn in the JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage), pp. 33-43, entitled Professor GrÄtz un' der jÜdischer argon, oder Wer mit was darf sich schamen? and this was followed by a similar article (ibid. pp. 65-68, 129-133) from the editor of the Volksblatt, in which GrÄtz's dogmatism is put in no enviable light. Even Steinschneider has no love for it; although he has written so much and so well on its literature, he knows nothing of its nineteenth-century development, and nearly all his quotations of Judeo-German words that in any way differ from the German form are preposterously wrong. Karpeles, writing the history of its literature, confessedly knows nothing of the language. M. GrÜnbaum, in his JÜdisch-deutsche Chrestomathie and Die JÜdisch-deutsche Litteratur, displays an ignorance of the dialect which would put to shame a sophomoric newspaper reporter of a scientific lecture. What wonder, then, that D. Philipson, devoting a chapter to The Ghetto in Literature (pp. 220-255 in Old European Jewries, Philadelphia, 1894), should not even suspect the existence of an extensive and highly interesting literature of the subject in the language of the Ghetto itself! Among the few memorable exceptions among German scholars are GÜdemann and Strack, who approach Judeo-German in a fair and scholarly manner. See M. GÜdemann, Quellenschriften zur Geschichte des Unterrichts und der Erziehung bei den deutschen Juden, etc., Berlin, 1891, pp. xxii, xxiii, and, by the same author, Geschichte des Erziehungswesens und der Cultur der Juden in Frankreich und Deutschland, Vol. I. note iii. pp. 273-287, and Vol. III. note vii. pp. 280-297. Still fewer are those who have subjected Judeo-German to a thorough philological investigation. All efforts in that direction will be found catalogued by A. Landau, Bibliographie des JÜdisch-deutschen, in Deutsche Mundarten, Zeitschrift fÜr Bearbeitung des mundartlichen Materials, herausgegeben von Dr. Johann Willibald Nagl, Vienna, 1896, Heft II. pp. 126-132. To those mentioned by him must be added A. Schulmann's Die Geschichte vun der argon-literatur, in JÜdisches Volksblatt, Vol. II. pp. 115-134, which is very rich in data, and A. Landau's Das Deminutivum der galizisch-jÜdischen Mundart, Ein Kapitel aus der jÜdischen Grammatik, in Deutsche Mundarten, Vol. I. pp. 46-58. This is, outside of Saineanu's work (mentioned in Landau's Bibliographie), the best grammatical disquisition on Judeo-German that has so far appeared.

[15] Cf. Zunz, Die gottesdienstlichen VortrÄge der Juden, historisch entwickelt, Frankfurt a. M., 1892, pp. 452-463, and GÜdemann, as above.

[16] Cf. M. Steinschneider, Die italienische Litteratur der Juden, in Monatschrift fÜr Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Vol. XLII. p. 74.

[17] Naturally, words belonging to that stage of the language have survived in the cheeder (school), where the melamed (teacher) is frequently compelled to fall back on the old commentaries for translations. Abramowitsch has, in his Das kleine Menschele, the following passage (p. 49) bearing upon this point: "Die Talmudtore hat mir Äuch gegeben a Bissel Deutsch vun die TeutschwÖrter in Chumesch, wie a Steiger (for example): wealoto un' a Nepel, wesaadu libchem un' lehent unter euer Harz, jereechi mein dich, machschof entpleckt, boochu auf'n Gemeesachz, been hamischpessoim die Gemarken, wetchalelo un' du hast sie verschwÄcht, kommijos hofferlich, uchdome noch asÖlche Teutschen."

[18] An example of this style is given by Linetzki, in Das chsidische JÜngel, p. 32: "a Steiger wie er hat mit mir geteutscht: ischo an Ische, ki sitmo as sie wet tome weren, wessakriw un' sie wet makriw sein, korbon a Korben, wehikriw soll makriw sein, hakohen der Kohen, al hamisbeach zum Misbeach, beohel moed in'm Ohel-moed."

[19] Cf. A. B. Gottlober, Sichrones Über argonische Schreiber, in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 250-259.

[20] On the various dialects and styles, see Die jÜdische Sprache, in Hausfreund, Vol. V. pp. 60-64; cf. also Rabnizki, HebrÄisch un' JÜdisch, in Hausfreund, Vol. V. pp. 38-48.

[21] An excellent satire on the widely different styles of Judeo-German in vogue by their writers is given by S. Rabinowitsch, in his Kolmewasser (q.v.), under the title of Korrespondenzies (cols. 26-31).

[22] For a complete discussion of the subject, see L. Saineanu, Studiu dialectologic asupra graiului evreo-german, Bucuresti, 1889, 8vo, 78 pp.

[23] Read, on this subject, Joseph Jacobs, Jewish Diffusion of Folk Tales, in Jewish Ideals and Other Essays, London, 1896, pp. 135-161.

[24] The following books and essays treat on Judeo-German folklore in general: Herman Lotze, Zur jÜdisch-deutschen Litteratur, in Gosche's Archiv fÜr Litteraturgeschichte, Vol. I., Leipsic, 1870, pp. 90-101; M. Steinschneider, Über die Volkslitteratur der Juden, ibid., Vol. II. pp. 1-21; S. Gelbhaus, Mittelhochdeutsche Dichtung in ihrer Beziehung zur biblisch-rabbinischen Litteratur, Frankfurt a. M., 1893, IV. Heft, pp. 59 ff.; BrÜll, BeitrÄge zur jÜdischen Sagen-und Sprach-kunde im Mittelalter, in JahrbÜcher fÜr jÜdische Geschichte und Litteratur, IX. Jahrgang, Frankfurt a. M., 1889, pp. 1-71; J. Jacobs, Jewish Diffusion of Folk Tales, a paper read before the Jews' College Literary Society, in The Jewish Chronicle, London, June 1, 1888 (also published separately in Jewish Ideals and Other Essays, as above); M. Gaster, Jewish Folk Lore in the Middle Ages, in papers read before the Jews' College Literary Society during the Session 1886-87, London, 1887, pp. 39-51 (also published separately by The Jewish Chronicle, 1887, 8vo); G. Levi, Christiani ed Ebrei nel Medio Evo, Quadro di costumi con un appendice di recordi e leggende giudaiche della medesima epocha, Florence, 1866, 16mo (pp. 307-406); A. M. Tendlau, Das Buch der Sagen und Legenden jÜdischer Vorzeit (2te Auflage), Stuttgart, 1845, 8vo, 335 pp.; the same, Fellmeiers Abende, MÄhrchen und Geschichten aus grauer Vorzeit, Frankfurt a. M., 1856, 16mo, 290 pp.; Israel LÉvi, Contes juifs, in Revue des Études Juives, Vol. XI. pp. 209-234; Is. Loeb, Le folklore juif dans la chronique du SchÉbet Jehuda d'Ibn Verga, in Revue des Études Juives, Vol. XXIV. pp. 1-29. For general ethnographic sketches of the Russian Jews, containing a great deal of material of a folklore nature, see Sistematiceskij ukazatel' literatury o evrejach na russkom jazyke so vremeni vvedenija gradanskago Šrifta (1708 g.) po dekabr' 1889 g., St. Petersburg, 1893, Part V. pp. 198-204 and 206-207; of the works mentioned there, Nos. 2831 and 2912 are especially important.

[25] For stories of that period, cf. A. S. Isaacs, Stories from the Rabbis, London, Osgood (and New York, Webster), 1893, 8vo, 202 pp.; M. Gaster, BeitrÄge zur vergleichenden Sagen-und MÄrchenkunde, Bukarest, 1883, 8vo. Dr. B. KÖnigsberger, Aus dem Reiche der altjÜdischen Fabel, in Zeitschrift des Vereins fÜr Volkskunde, Vol. VI., 1896, pp. 140-161; F. Baethgen, Salomo in der jÜdischen Sage, in Allgemeine Zeitung, Nos. 151, 152, 181, 182 (Beilage). Other shorter articles on the same subject will be found in the Urquell, Vol. II. p. 209; Vol. IV. p. 76; Neue Folge, Vol. I. pp. 13, 14; Z. d. V. f. V., Vol. IV. p. 209; J. Trubnik, Talmudische Legenden, in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 264-279. Of special interest are the discussions of Talmudical legends and fables with their western developments or imitations, by L. Dukes, Übersicht der neuhebrÄischen Literatur weltlichen Inhalts in Prosa und Versen, in Israelitische Annalen (edited by Jost), 1839, No. 13, pp. 100 ff.; No. 17, pp. 131 ff.; No. 25, pp. 196 ff.; No. 31, pp. 244; No. 52, pp. 415 ff. Eisenmenger's Entdecktes Judenthum, KÖnigsberg, 1711 (or Dresden, 1893), in spite of its bias, may be consulted for the legends; better than that is the English form of the same, The Tradition of the Jews; or, The Doctrine of Expositions Contained in the Talmud, etc., London, 8vo, (64) and 337 and 363 pp., the appendix of which has a Translation, by Way of Abridgement, of Buxtorf's Latin Account of the Religious Customs and Ceremonies of the Jews (Vol. II. pp. 225-363). See also G. G. Bredow, Rabbinische Mythen, ErzÄhlungen und LÜgen, nebst zwei Balladen der christlichen Mythologie im Mittelalter (2te Auflage), Weilburg, 1833, 16mo, 136 pp.; also C. Krafft, JÜdische Sagen und Dichtungen nach den Talmuden und Midraschen, nebst einigen Makamen aus dem Divan des Alcharisi, Ansbach, 1839, 16mo, 212 pp.

[26] The Sambation is mentioned in Eldad ha-Dani aus dem Stamme Dan; see for this Steinschneider's JÜdisch-deutsche Litteratur, in Serapeum, Vol. IX. (1848), p. 319, No. 13. See also JÜdische Litteratur, by Steinschneider, in Ersch und Gruber, § X, A. 2. Other essays and stories are: D. Kaufmann's Le Sambation, in Revue des Études Juives, Vol. XXII. pp. 285-287, and Der Sambation, eine etymologische Sage, in Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, 1893, May 20, p. 247; Meisach, Sambation, in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage), p. 53, and (the same story) in his Nissim we-Nifloes, q.v.

[27] In A. S. Isaac's Stories from the Rabbis (see above), there is a chapter on Elijah in the Legends (pp. 92-103). Other stories of Elijah: D. Cassel, Elia in der Legende, in Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, 1892, Feb. 26, p. 104, and March 6, p. 115; Urquell, Vol. IV. pp. 11-14, 42-45, 120, 121; Z. d. V. f. V., Vol. IV. p. 209. An older story is mentioned in Steinschneider's Catalogue, Serapeum, Vol. IX. (1848), p. 384, No. 174. See also B. W. Segel, Materyaly do etnografii ydÓw wschodnio-galicyjskich, in ZbiÓr wiadomosci do antropologii krajowej, Cracow, Vol. XVII. pp. 296-298.

[28] Stories of Maimonides are contained in Maasebuch (or, rather in addition Maase Adonai), according to Steinschneider, Serapeum, Vol. XXVII. (1866), p. 5, No. 7. For other stories, see Bibliography.

[29] Nearly the same story is in Gaster's Jewish Folk Lore, etc.

[30] A similar story, also of a local character, is told by Dick in Alte jÜdische Sagen oder Ssipurim, p. 42, where he mentions a Polish work, Przechadzki po Wilnie i jego okolicach przez Jana ze Sliwnia (A. Kirkor), Wilna, 1859, that contains many Jewish tales.

[31] Also told of a Rabbi of Prague, in Sippurim, Sammlung jÜdischer Volkssagen, ErzÄhlungen, Mythen, Chroniken, DenkwÜrdigkeiten und Biographien berÜhmter Juden aller Jahrhunderte, besonders des Mittelalters (JÜdische Universalbibliothek), Prague, 1895. These Sippurim have no great folklore value, as they show too much the hand of the literary worker. Of similar value is H. Iliowizi's In the Pale; Stories and Legends of the Russian Jews, Philadelphia, 1897.

[32] On the Khassidim, read M. Sachor-Masoch, Sectes juives de la Galicie, in Actes et ConfÉrances de la SociÉtÉ des Études Juives, 1889, pp. cxli-clxiii, and S. Schechter, Studies in Judaism, pp. 1-45 and 341. For the Russian sources on the Khassidim, see Sistematiceskij ukazatel' literatury o evrejach, pp. 177-179 (Nos. 2424-2476). Stories of Adam Balschem are mentioned by Steinschneider, as Geschichte des R. Adam Baal Schem, and Geschichte des R. Adam mit dem Kaiser, in Serapeum, Vol. X. (1849), p. 9, No. 183. See also Urquell, Vol. V. p. 266, and Vol. VI. p. 33. B. W. Segel's JÜdische WundermÄnner, in Globus, Vol. LXII. pp. 312-314, 331-334, 343-345, are merely translations from the Sseefer Ssipuree Maisses (Khal Chsidim); of similar origin is his O chasydach i chasydyzmie, in Wista, Vol. VIII. pp. 304-312, 509-521, 677-690; other stories by him are in his Materyaly do etnografii zydÓw, as above.

[33] The older literature of that class is briefly discussed by Steinschneider in his articles in the Serapeum under the following numbers (for the years 1848, 1849, 1864, 1866, 1869): 392, Kalilah we-Dimnah; 393, Barlaam and Josaphat; 59, 399, Diocletianus; 266 b, Octavianus; 22, Bevys of Hamptoun; 51, Ritter Sigmund und Magdalena; 266, KÖnig Artus; 13, Eldad ha-Dani; 156-198, 410-413, 420, various stories; 212, 213, fables (Kuhbuch); 167, Maase Nissim; 156-158, Maasebuch. But the latter has been superseded by his JÜdisch-deutsche Litteratur und JÜdisch-deutsch, mit besonderer RÜcksicht auf AvÉ-Lallemant; 2. Artikel: Das Maase-Buch, Serapeum, Vol. XXVII. (1866), No. 1. This Maasebuch is extremely rare now, but in its day it was enormously popular, having been used for regular religious readings on the Sabbath. Wagenseil and Buxtorf mention this fact, while Helwich thought it of sufficient importance to translate the book into German and supply it with critical notes. Helwich's book seems to have escaped the attention of all who have dealt on the Maasebuch, Steinschneider included; and yet without it a study of the Jewish folklore is very difficult, as the Maasebuch can hardly be procured. The title of the book is: Erster Theil jÜdischer Historien oder Thalmudischer Rabbinischer wunderlicher Legenden, so von Juden als wahrhafftige und heylige Geschicht an ihren Sabbathen und Festtagen gelesen werden. Darausz dieses verstockten Volcks Aberglauben und Fabelwerck zu ersehen. Ausz ihren eigenen BÜchern in Truck Teutsch verfertigt, von neuem Übersehen und corrigiert durch Christophorum Helvicum, der H. Schrift und HebrÄischen Sprach Professorem in der Universitet zu Giessen, Giessen, bey Caspar Chemlein, Im Jahre 1612, 16mo, 222 pp. Second part with slightly different title. After gelesen werden follows: Sampt beygefÜgten Glossen und Widerlegung, 16mo, 207 pp. See also Is. LÉvi, Cinq contes juifs, in MÉlusine, Vol. II. col. 569-574. On the KÖnig Artus, cf. SchrÖder, Mitteilungen Über ein deutsches Wigaloisepos aus dem 17. Jahrhunderte, M. Hanau B. V. Hess. G. Some of these stories are discussed in Jacobs's Jewish Diffusion of Folk Tales (as above).

[34] A few scattered stories may be found in the following publications: M. Schwarzfeld, Basmul cu Pantoful la Evrei, la RomÂni si la alte Popoare, Studiu folkloristic, Bucuresti, 1893, 8vo, 27 pp. (Extras din Anuarul pentru Israeliti, Vol. XV. pp. 138-165); by the same, Scrisoare catre Dumnezeu, Cercetare folcloristica (Anuarul pentru Israeliti, Vol. XV. pp. 191-198); R. T. Kaindl, Eine jÜdische Sage Über die Entstehung des Erdbebens, Zeitschrift fÜr Ethnologie, Vol. XXV. p. 370; B. W. Segel, JÜdische VolksmÄrchen, in Globus, Vol. LX. pp. 283 ff., 296-298, 313-315. The largest collection of folk-tales by the same author are given in ZbiÓr wiadomosci do antropologii krajowej, Vol. XVII., Cracow, 1893, under the title, Materyaly do etnografii zydÓw wschodnio-galicyjskich, pp. 261-332; a review of this important work, in German, is given in the Urquell, Vol. V. pp. 183-186. Scattered through the Urquell there are many interesting tales, mainly on gilgulim, leezim, meessim; cf. Vol. IV., pp. 96, 97, 257; Neue Folge, Vol. I. pp. 80, 81, 121, 122, 344, 345, 351; see also Z. d. V. f. V., Vol. IV. p. 210. See also the bibliography of the legends, etc., in Sistematiceskij ukazatel, p. 211 (Nos. 3133-3136).

[35] On the customs, beliefs, superstitions, etc., of the Jews, see A. P. Bender, Beliefs, Rites, and Customs of the Jews Connected with Death, Burial, and Mourning, in Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. VI. pp. 317-347, 664-671, and Vol. VII. pp. 101-118; Dan, Volksglauben und GebrÄuche der Juden in der Bukowina, in Zeitschrift fÜr Österreichische Volkskunde, Vol. II. Nos. 2, 3; Hedvige Heinicke, Le carnaval des juifs galiciens, in Revue des Traditions populaires, Vol. VI. p. 118; I. Buchbinder, JÜdische Sabobones, in Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 167-170; Steinschneider mentions books dealing on superstitions in his catalogue in the Serapeum, under the numbers 219 and 421. This subject is treated extensively in the Urquell, Vol. II. pp. 5-7, 34-36, 112, 165, 166, 181-183; Vol. III. pp. 18, 19, 286-288; Vol. IV. pp. 73-75, 94-96, 118, 119, 141, 142, 170, 171, 187-189, 210, 211, 272-274; Vol. V. pp. 19, 81, 170, 171, 225-228, 290, 291; Neue Folge, Vol. I. pp. 9, 46-49, 270, 271; Vol. II. pp. 33, 34, 46, 108-110. See also Segel, Materyaly do etnografii zydÓw, etc., pp. 319-328; S. Abramowitsch, Das kleine Menschele, pp. 76-77; Linetzki, Das chsidische JÜngel, pp. 29-31, 114. For a general work on Jewish superstitions, see M. Schuhl, Superstitions et coutumes populaires du Judaisme contemporain, Paris, 1882, 4to, 42 pp. The most important contribution on the beliefs of the German Jews in the early Middle Ages is given by GÜdemann, Geschichte des Erziehungswesen und der Cultur der Juden, etc., Vol. I. Chap. VII. pp. 199-228, under the title, Der jÜdische Aber-, Zauber-und Hexen-glaube in Frankreich und Deutschland im 12. und 13. Jahrhunderte. See also the bibliography of the subject in the Sistematiceskij ukazatel', pp. 211, 212 (Nos. 3137-3159). A large number of superstitions, beliefs, etc., are scattered throughout the Judeo-German literature: probably the most important of such works is Schatzkes' Der jÜdischer Var-Peessach (q.v.).

[36] For proverbs and the discussion of the same, see: M. Spektor, JÜdische VolkswÖrtlich, in JÜdisches Volksblatt, Vol. VI. pp. 63, 95, 112, 128, 191, 304, 423, 488; I. Bernstein, SprichwÖrter, in Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 89-112, and Vol. II. pp. 1-49 (second part); S. Adelberg, Przyslowia zydowskie, in Wisla, Vol. IV. pp. 166-187; M. Schwarzfeld, Literatura populara Israelita ca element etnico-psichologic, in Anuarul pentru Israeliti, Vol. XII. pp. 41-52; the same, Evreii in Literatura lor populara sau Cum se judeca evreii insusi, Studiu etnico-psichologic, Bucuresti, 1898, 8vo, 37 pp. (Anuarul pentru Israeliti, Vol. XIX. pp. 1-37). In connection with the last two, though not strictly on Jewish proverbs, see his Evreii in Literatura populara Romana, Studiu de psichologie populara,—Anex, Evreii in literatura populara universala, Tablou comparativ, Bucuresti, 1892, 8vo, 78 pp. (Extras din Anuarul pentru Israeliti, Vol. XIV. pp. 97-172). A large number of proverbs from various Slavic localities are given in the Urquell: Vol. II. pp. 26, 27, 66, 112, 131, 163, 178, 196; Vol. IV. pp. 75, 76, 194, 212, 215, 256, 257; Vol. VI. pp. 33, 34, 69, 119-121; Neue Folge, Vol. I. pp. 14, 15, 119-121, 172-175, 271-279; Vol. II. pp. 221, 222, 311-313, 338-340. For the proverbs of the German Jews, see A. Tendlau, SprichwÖrter und Redensarten deutsch-jÜdischer Vorzeit, als Beitrag zur Volks-, Sprach-und SprichwÖrter-kunde, aufgezeichnet aus dem Munde des Volkes und nach Wort und Sinn erlÄutert, Frankfurt a. M. (1860).

[37] The older books on Eulenspiegel are given by Steinschneider in the Serapeum, under Nos. 10, 288, and 388; in the Urquell, there are a few stories on Chelm in Vol. III. pp. 27-29, and Neue Folge, Vol. I. pp. 345, 346. A large number is given by Segel in his collection in the ZbiÓr wiadomosci do antropologii krajowej, pp. 303-306.

[38] In a general way the Judeo-German folksong was treated by I. G. OrŠanskij, in his Evrei v Rossii, Ocerki ekonomiceskago i obŠcestvennago byta russkich evreev, St. Petersburg, 1877, 8vo, on pp. 391-402; more specially by J. J. Lerner, Die jÜdische Muse, in Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 182-198, from which a few songs are quoted here. The most of the songs given here are from my manuscript collection made in Boston and New York among the Russian Jews. In the Urquell folksongs are given in Vol. IV. pp. 119, 120; Vol. V. p. 196; Vol. VI. pp. 43, 158; Neue Folge, Vol. I. pp. 45, 50, 82, 83, 175, 239-242; Vol. II. pp. 27-29, 39, 40. Cf. B. W. Segel, Materyaly do etnografti zydÓw wschodnio-galicyjskich, in ZbiÓr wiadomosci do antropologii krajowej, Vol. XVII. pp. 306-319.

[39] The legend has been admirably treated by the historian, S. A. BerŠadskij, in Evrej korol' polskij, in the Voschod, Vol. IX. Nos. 1-5.

[40] The Urquell (see above) gives some children's songs. See also L. Wiener, Aus der russisch-jÜdischen Kinderstube, in Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft fÜr jÜdische Volkskunde, herausgegeben von M. Grunwald, Hamburg, 1898, Heft II, pp. 40-49; R. F. Kaindl, Lieder, Neckreime, AbzÄhlverse, Spiele, Geheimsprachen und allerlei Kunterbuntes aus der Kinderwelt, in der Bukowina und in Galizien gesammelt, in Z. d. V. f. V., Vol. VII. pp. 146, 147. In Linetzki's Das chsidische JÜngel, p. 23, a number of children's songs are mentioned by title.

[41] See the prototype of this song in K. Francke, Social Forces in German Literature, p. 120.

[42] See p. 142 ff.; add to these A. M. Dick, Der soldatske Syn. Wilna, 1876, 16mo, 108 pp., which gives a graphic description of the career of a cantonist.

[43] Cf. Dr. Sokolowski, Die Gseere vun Gonto in Uman un' Ukraine, in Volksbibliothek, Vol. II. pp. 53-60.

[44] Max Weissberg, Die neuhebrÄische AufklÄrungs-literatur in Galizien. Eine literar-historische Charakteristik. Leipzig und Wien, 1898, 8vo, 88 pp.

[45] The first two weeklies of Galicia, the Zeitung and Die jÜdische Post, published in 1848 and 1849 respectively, are not in the vernacular, but in a slightly corrupt German.

[46] The love for songs is very old with the German Jews. Steinschneider's catalogue in the Serapeum mentions a very large number of songs. See also L. LÖwenstein, JÜdische und jÜdisch-deutsche Lieder, in Jubelschrift zu Ehren des Dr. Hildesheimer, Berlin, 1890, pp. 126 ff., and under the same title, in Monatschrift fÜr Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Vol. XXXVIII. pp. 78-89; A. Neubauer, JÜdisch-deutsches Weingedicht, in Israelit Letterbode, Vol. XII. 1. p. 13 ff. But the most thorough work is by F. Rosenberg, Ueber eine Sammlung deutscher Volks-und Gesellschafts-lieder in hebrÄischen Lettern, Berlin, 1888, 8vo, 84 pp. That the modern songs are set to music is generally indicated in the title-pages or the introductions to the printed collections, as, for example, Lieder zu singen mit sehr schoene Melodien; Schoen zum Singen un' zum Lesen; Mit sehr schoene Melodien. In one of his books Zunser (see pp. 90 ff.) informs us:

Ob ihr lejent in BÜchel meine Lieder,
Un' die Melodie hat mÄn euch nit Übergegeben,
Is' das wie a photographische Bild, liebe BrÜder,—
Dacht sich, Alles richtig, nor es fehlt Leben.
Introduction to Hamnageen.

While another, B. Z. Rabinowitsch (in Disput vun a SchÜler mit a Klausnik), thinks he must offer an apology for not having composed a tune for his poem:

Mit was far a Melodie ihr wet spielen,
WÖllen die WÖrter gewiss nachtanzen!

Zunser, who did not scruple to make use of other people's property (see p. 92), objects, in Kol-rina, to the people's appropriation of his songs in the following words:

Wie me hat mich gehÖrt a Mal zu zwei,
Is' schon gewe'n auf morgen geschrieben bei see:
Es hat mir vardrossen sejer MÜh', 'chleben,
Un' hab' see besser a fartigen, a gedruckten gegeben.

[47] Voschod, 1886, No. 5.

[48] The only collection of Judeo-German poetry accessible to those who do not read the Hebrew type is G. H. Dalman's JÜdisch-deutsche Volkslieder aus Galizien und Russland, Zweite Auflage, Berlin, 1891, 8vo, 74 pp.; unfortunately there are a number of errors in it that destroy the sense of some lines. See also L. Wiener, Popular Poetry of the Russian Jews, in Americana Germanica, Vol. II. No. 2 (1898), pp. 33-59, on which the present chapter is based.

[49] His poems have been printed in the following periodicals: Kolmewasser, Vol. I. Nos. 4, 5, 6 (Das GrÄber-lied) et seq.; Warschauer jÜdische Zeitung; Jisrulik, No. 13; JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. II. No. 10; Wecker, pp. 26-29; JÜd. Volksbibliothek, pp. 148-153.

[50] Katzenellenbogen, JÜdische Melodien (q.v.), p. 55, note.

[51] This I merely surmise, from the statement in the Sseefer Sikoron, that he wrote it in 1863, in Kiev, though it is probable that he did not print it before 1869. For biography of Linetzki, see pp. 161 ff.

[52] For short notices of Gordon and his work, see B. Woloderski, A kurze Biographie vun Michel Gordon, in Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 147-149, and necrology in Hausfreund, Vol. III. p. 312.

[53] Other poems by M. Gordon than those contained in his collective volume are to be found in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage) pp. 93, 94, 362, 363; Vol. IX. No. 16; Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 39-43; Vol. II. pp. 73-75, 261-264; Familienfreund, Vol. I. pp. 3-6.

[54] In this conjunction a few of the very many cradle songs will be mentioned here as an offset to the statement, frequently heard, that the Jews have no songs of that character; in the chapter on the traditional folksongs there have been mentioned a few such; add to these the one given in Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft fÜr jÜdische Volkskunde, Heft II. p. 49. Of the literary cradle songs, the best are Abramowitsch's Alululu, bidne Kind, Weh is' der Mame, weh und wÜnd (in Das kleine Menschele, p. 121); Linetzki's Varschliess schon deine Äugen (in Der boeser Marschelik, p. 66); Goldfaden's Schlaf' in Freuden, Du weisst kein Leiden (in Die JÜdene, p. 6); S. Rabinowitsch's Schlaf', mein Kind (with music, in his Kol-mewasser, col. 25, 26).

[55] Some of Goldfaden's poems may be found in: Kol-mewasser; Jisrulik; Wecker, pp. 7-15, 56-62; Der jÜdischer Handelskalender, pp. 114-118; Familienfreund, Vol. I. pp. 27-35, Vol. II. pp. 57-59; Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 5-7; Volksbibliothek, Vol. II. pp. 188, 247, 267, 268; Das heilige Land, pp. 25-29; New Yorker Illustrirte Zeitung.

[56] A song expressive of this sentiment, under the title Unsere liebe Schwester un' BrÜder, appeared in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. I. (1881), No. 2. Other poems were printed in the same year in Nos. 1 and 5; another poem was printed in JÜd. Volksbibliothek, Vol. I. pp. 295, 296. A review of his collected poems is given in Voschod, Vol. VI. (1886), Part. II. pp. 26-31. For necrology see Hausfreund, Vol. III. p. 312.

[57] Cf. Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, pp. 198 ff. It is not uncommon in Judeo-German literature to meet with the description of the old-fashioned badchen and his craft, but probably the best illustrations of his performances are to be found in the following works: Linetzki, Das chsidische JÜngel, pp. 94 ff.; Gottlober, Das Decktuch, pp. 43 ff. (2d act, 2d scene); Der krummer Maschelik mit a blind Äug', Es is' sehr schoen zu lejenen die Lieder, was der Marschelik hat gesungen, un' wie er hat Chossen-kale besungen, un' see sennen noch kein Mal nit gedruckt gewor'en: Kukariku! Der Marschelik is' da, Warsaw, 1875; U. Kalmus, Geschichte vun a seltenem Bris un' a genarrte Chassene, Theater in vier Akten, Warsaw, 1882, pp. 65-72.

[58] In addition to the large number of collective books of poetry, Zunser has published his poems in: JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. V. pp. 51, 67; Wecker, pp. 74-88; Familienfreund, Vol. I. pp. 6-27; Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 99-108; Spektor's Familienkalender, Vol. IV. pp. 94-103; JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 273, 274; Das heil. Land, pp. 134-141.

[59] Other works by Zweifel than those given in the Bibliography are: Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 73-78, Vol. II. pp. 143-145; Spektor's Familienkalender, Vol. II. pp. 82-87; JÜd. Volksbibl., Vol. I. pp. 48-61, Vol. II. pp. 132-135.

[60] For note on Abramowitsch, see pp. 148 ff.

[61] Mordechai Suchostawer, Der woler Eeze-geber, in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. V. p. 310.

[62] Several of the poems contained in the volume of his poetry had appeared before: JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. I. No. 12, Vol. V. pp. 239, 357, Vol. VI. pp. 83, 717 ff.; Familienfreund, Vol. I. pp. 86-93. The Astor Library of New York possesses a manuscript of Ettinger's fables.

[63] Vol. IV. p. 175.

[64] This is also true of the poets who contributed to 'Der jÜdischer Wecker,' a similar volume published in the same year at Odessa.

[65] His poems were printed in: JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. V. p. 515; Vol. VII. No. 36; Vol. VIII. No. 10; Beilage No. 3 passim; Vol. IX. No. 3 passim; Hausfreund, Vol. I. p. 44; Vol. III. pp. 172-175 (On the death of M. Gordon); JÜd. Volksbib, Vol. I. pp. 260-263; Vol. II. pp. 1-6, 120-125, 139-141, 167-168, 195-204; JÜd. Volkskalender, Vol. III. pp. 117-124.

[66] JÜd. Volksbib. Vol. I. pp. 148-158; better than this is his own edition of the ballad in a separate pamphlet (q.v.).

[67] JÜd. Bibliothek, Vol. II. pp. 170-180.

[68] Ibid., Vol. III. pp. 123-155.

[69] Ibid., Vol. I. pp. 246-257.

[70] Ibid., Vol. I. pp. 276-285.

[71] Jontew-blÄttlech, Zweite Serie, Oneg Schabes, pp. 27-31, Chamischo Osser, pp. 22-31.

[72] His legend Ophir, printed in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 211-224.

[73] His poems appeared in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. I. Nos. 10, 11; Vol. II. Nos. 9, 46; Vol. III pp. 402; Vol. IV. p. 94; Vol. V. pp. 565, 664; Vol. VI. pp. 190, 195; Vol. VII. pp. 277, 759; Hausfreund, Vol. III. pp. 304-306; Spektor's Familienkalender, Vol. V. p. 71; Lamteren, col. 26.

[74] B. Lesselroth, Polnische vollkommene Grammatik in jÜdisch-deutscher Sprache, fÜr solche, die diese Wissenschaft ohne Hilfe eines Lehrers erlernen wollen, Warsaw, 1824, 16mo, 76 pp.

[75] This is the name given by Gottlober in his Sichrones, in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. p. 255, for the author of the 'Columbus,' but it appears that it was GÜnsburg who wrote it in Hebrew; and as in the Judeo-German translation the translator speaks of having translated this work from his Hebrew form, it is likely that GÜnsburg ought to be substituted for Hurwitz. There are four copies of that work in the Harvard Library. Two of them are late remodellings; the other two have no title-pages and seem to have had none, so that I cannot ascertain the dates of their printing.

[76] J. B. Levinsohn, Die hefker Welt, in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 133-147. His biography is given in the same place, by B. Natansohn, on pp. 122-132. Both together are to be found in Natansohn's Die papierne BrÜck' (q.v.).

[77] For review of his works see O. Lerner, Kriticeskij razbor pojavivŠichsja nedavno na evrejsko-nemeckom argone socinenij I. Aksenfelda, etc., Odessa, 1868, 8vo, 15 pp.

[78] She was very fond of Jean Paul Richter, and it is not at all impossible that the peculiar humor contained in her husband's books is due to a transference of that author's style to the more primitive conditions of the Judeo-German novel. His was a gifted family: one of his sons became an artist, the other a famous professor of medicine at Paris.

[79] A. M. Dick, Der erster Nabor, etc., Wilna, 1871.

[80] Short biography in Sseefer Sikoron, p. 97.

[81] For fuller information on the life and works of Abramowitsch see his autobiography in Sseefer Sikoron, pp. 117-126; see also the references in the Sistematiceskij ukazatel', p. 286, Nos. 4663-4669, of which No. 4665 is the most important.

[82] Translated into Russian by Petrikovski.

[83] Reviews of this work are in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage), pp. 1385-1396, by J. Levi; and Voschod, 1889, Nos. 1, 2, 4, by M. G. Morgulis.

[84] Translated into Polish by Klemens Junosza.

[85] Translated into Polish by Klemens Junosza.

[86] His shorter stories have appeared in Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 128-134; Vol. III. pp. 1-9; Vol. IV. pp. 3-25; JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. II. pp. 7-93; JÜd. Volkskalender, Vol. III. pp. 53-64.

[87] Short notice of his works in Sseefer Sikoron, pp. 59, 60; cf. also notices mentioned in Sistematiceskij ukazatel, p. 286, Nos. 4670-4672.

[88] Shorter stories have appeared in Familienfreund, Vol. I. pp. 84-86; Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 121-128; JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 62-92; Vol. II. pp. 98-119; Volksfreund, pp. 14-16.

[89] JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 62 ff.

[90] His name does not appear on any of the editions of his comedy. Early in the seventies he had turned his work over to Wollmann for publication; the latter surreptitiously published it over his own initials.

[91] Short mention in Sseefer Sikoron, p. 26; necrology in Hausfreund, Vol. III. p. 312.

[92] Der Schiwim-mahlzeit, p. 10.

[93] Cf. S. Rabinowitsch, Schomer's Mischpet, and Seiffert's Das Tellerl vun 'm Himmel (Ein Entwer auf M. Schaikewitsch's Taines), in Die neue Welt, No. 5, pp. 11-21. To his detractors Schaikewitsch answered in his pamphlet Jehi Or. Other reviews in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage), pp. 335-361, 455-467, 707-714, 738-743, 763-773.

[94] Cf. Sseefer Sikoron, p. 80. Reviews of his works in Voschod, Vol. VII. No. 12, pp. 18-21; Vol. IX. No. 7, pp. 30-37.

[95] In addition to his separate works the following periodicals contain Spektor's stories: JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. III. and following (very many); Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 109-121, Supplement; Vol. II. pp. 1-5, 116-143; Vol. III. pp. 9-28, 38-101, 149-172, 277-294; Vol. IV. pp. 81-95, 107-131; Vol. V. pp. 123-136; Familienfreund, Vol. II. pp. 66-91; Spektor's Familienkalender, Vol. II. pp. 51-54; Vol. III. pp. 81-85; Vol. IV. pp. 63-93; Vol. V. pp. 45-51, 52-58; Widerkol, pp. 19 ff.; Jontewblattlech, I. Series, No. 3, 4, 9; Kleiner Wecker, pp. 43-48; Literatur un' Leben, pp. 67-89. Reviews by him, under the pseudonym Emes, in Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 143-160; Vol. II. pp. 170-176; Vol. III. pp. 251-260.

[96] In Hausfreund, Vol. I. p. 67; Vol. II pp. 108-116; JÜd. Bibliothek, Vol. I. pp. 41-74.

[97] Other articles by him: JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. V. pp. 329 ff.; Vol. VIII. (Beilage), pp. 33-43; Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 1-21; Vol. II. pp. 75-99; JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 244-248; JÜd. Bibliothek, Supplements.

[98] Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 75-99.

[99] His stories, dramas, and poems have appeared in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. III. p. 387, hence continuously up to the ninth volume of that periodical; Familienfreund, Vol. I. pp. 73-84; Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 45-63; Vol. III. pp. 321-326; Vol. IV. pp. 63-81; Vol. V. pp. 97-123; JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 1-47, 241-243, 351-378; Vol. II. pp. 205-220, 304-310; Wecker, pp. 88-91.

[100] Voschod, Vol. VII. No. 6. Reviews of his other works are in Voschod, Vol. VII. Nos. 7, 8; Vol. VIII. No. 10, and in later numbers; of Sender Blank, by J. J. Lerner (unfavorable), in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. VIII. (Beilage), No. 29, pp. 864-876, under the title Lebendige Meessim. Short mention of his works in Sseefer Sikoron, p. 105.

[101] Other articles by Rabnizki in Wecker, pp. 62-74, 115-122; Heilige Land, pp. 13-25.

[102] In his Kol-mewasser, col. 31-34.

[103] Lokschen and A Floh vun Tischebow; see Bibliography, under Frischmann.

[104] Frischmann's stories, reviews, and poems may be found in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage), pp. 92, 93; Vol. IX. Nos. 23, 30, 32, 51, 52; Familienfreund, Vol. II. pp. 47-49; Hausfreund, Vol. II. pp. 22-25, 66-73, 151-170; Vol. III. pp. 175, 176; Vol. IV. pp. 167-176; Vol. V. pp. 7-21, 159-161; JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 211-224; Handelskalender, pp. 100-104.

[105] His stories appeared in JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 183-210; Vol. II. pp. 225-246; JÜd. Volkskalender, Vol. III. pp. 70-81.

[106] In addition to the very large number of stories, etc., in his own publications, Perez has contributed to JÜd. Volksbib., Vol. I. pp. 148-158; Vol. II. pp. 126-129, 136-138, 142-147, 167, 168, 195-204; Hausfreund, Vol. III. pp. 111-113, 179-181; Handelskalender, pp. 79-83, 105-113; Kleiner Wecker, pp. 25-29; JÜd. Volkskalender, Vol. III. pp. 105-111.

[107] In Hausfreund, Vol. V. pp. 136-145; Spektor's Familienkalender, Vol. V. pp. 45-51; Widerkol, pp. 5-18; JÜd. Bibliothek, Vol. III. pp. 89-94; Literatur un' Leben, pp. 89-95; Jontew-blattlech, No. 16.

[108] In Hausfreund, Vol. III. pp. 231-241, 265-277; JÜd. Bibliothek, Vol. III. pp. 84-89; Literatur un' Leben, pp. 23-47, 163. Jontew-blattlech, Nos. 1, 3, 20, 22, 24, 29; 2d Series, Nos. 1, 2, 5.

[109] In addition to his own publications see Hausfreund, Vol. III. pp. 294-304; JÜd. Bibliothek, Vol. I. pp. 90-98; Jontew-blattlech, Nos. 7, 8, 18.

[110] Since writing this, both the Neuer Geist and Die Zeit have ceased appearing.

[111] For the bibliography of the older plays see Steinschneider, in the Serapeum (1848, '49, '64, '66, '69); Ahasuerus, Nos. 11 a, 387; Purim-play, No. 417; Acta Esther (Ahas.), No. 17 (cf. Litteraturblatt des Orients, 1843, p. 59, and JÜd. Litteratur, in Ersch und Gruber, § XX. Anmerkung 36); Action von KÖnig David und Goliath dem Philister, No. 18; Mechiras Josef, No. 146. On the ancient theatre, see Abrahams, Jewish Life, pp. 260-272.

[112] pp. 36 ff.

[113] Part of the Ahasuerus-play, as given at present on the day of Purim, may be found in Abramowitsch's Prizyw, pp. 62-65.

[114] Cf. Dienesohn, Herschele, pp. 47 ff.

[115] Cf. Abramowitsch, Prizyw, p. 64: "Heunt is' Purim un' morgen is' aus, Gi't mir a Groschen un' stupt mich araus!"

[116] In Die JÜdene, q.v.

[117] Cf. Abramsky, Bomas Jischok, which gives an account of that period.

[118] See Die JÜdische BÜhne. (The Jewish Stage.) Herausgegeben zum 20 jÄhrigen JubilÄum vun dem jÜdischen Theater. Publisher, J. Katzenellenbogen, New York, 1897; about 800 pages, irregularly marked. In this volume the most important contribution, though far from exhaustive, is by M. Seiffert, Die Geschichte vun jÜdischen Theater, In drei Zeit-perioden, 47 pp. For the condition of the theatre at its beginning, in Roumania, see Abramsky, Bomas Jischok. For its later development cf. J. Lifschitz, Das jÜdische Theater un' die jÜdische Schauspieler, Rezensie Über das jÜdische Theater in Warschau, in JÜd. Volksblatt, Vol. VIII. (Beilage), pp. 773-784 (No. 26); Meisach, Das jÜdische Theater, in Hausfreund, Vol. I. pp. 160-165; Unser Theater, in JÜd. Volkskalender, Vol. III. pp. 81-86; Rombro, Der jÜdischer Theater in America, in Stadt-anzeiger, No. I. pp. 5-9; No. II. pp. 8-13; J. Jaffa, Der jÜdischer Theater wie er is', in JÜd.-Amer. Volkskalender, 1895-96, pp. 60-63. See also the bibliography in Sistematiceskij ukazatel', p. 211 (Nos. 3137-3149), and pp. 286, 287 (Nos. 4675 and 4676).

[119] This is a common saying for an impossible thing.

[120] Published by Copeland and Day; with permission of the publishers.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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