 
DIAGRAM I. London Death-rates per Million Living from 1760 to 1896. The Upper line shows rates of Death from All Causes. The Middle line shows rates of Death from Zymotic Diseases, including Measles, Fevers, Whooping-cough, and Diphtheria. The Lower line (shaded for distinctness), Small-pox. The blank four years, 1834-8, are omitted because they are the last of the old “Bills of Mortality,” and are considered to be very imperfect. From 1838 onwards is the period of complete Registration. Each ten years is indicated at the bottom and top of the diagram. The figures at the sides and centre show the mortality per million. The Upper line (total mortality) is on a smaller vertical scale, and is brought lower down to allow of its being included in the diagram. Authorities. The lines in the diagram from 1760 to 1834 are calculated from the figures given in the Second Report, pp. 289-91, with those for other diseases from Dr. Creighton’s History of Epidemics in Britain; the population at the different periods being taken from the best available sources (Maitland, and the 8th Report of the Registrar-General). The later portion is entirely from the Reports of the Registrar-General. DIAGRAM II. Showing Death-rates from the Chief Zymotic Diseases in London from 1838 to 1896. From the Registrar-General’s Annual Summary, 1896, Table 14, page xxxiii., and 1888, Table 12, for first nine years. These diagrams show the same facts as Dr. Whitelegge’s Diagram E. in the Sixth Report of the Royal Commission, page 660, but in a simpler form. DIAGRAM III. Small-pox, Vaccinations, Zymotics, and Total Death-rate in England and Wales. Small-pox from Final Report, Tab. B. p. 155, and Registrar-General’s Report, 1895, Table 24. Vaccinations from Final Report, p. 34. Zymotic diseases from Registrar-General’s Report (1895), Table 24, Columns 3 to 9. Total Death-rate from Registrar-General’s Report, 1895, Table 3. N.B.—Each of the lines showing Death-rates has its own vertical scale showing the rate per million living, in order to allow of the four separate rates being shown on one diagram so that their corresponding rise or fall may be compared. DIAGRAM IV. Comparison of Scotland and Ireland as regards their Death-rates from Small-pox and two Zymotics (Measles and Scarlet-fever). From Tables given in the Roy. Comm. Final Report. (See pages 35, 37, 42, and 44.) Solid lines. Small-pox (shaded for distinctness). Dotted lines. Two Zymotics. Both per million living. DIAGRAM V. Sweden. Small-pox and Total Death-rates, and Stockholm Small-pox Epidemics. These death-rates have been calculated by myself from the official tables of Small-pox and total deaths, and populations in the Sixth Report, pages 752-3. The portion relating to Small-pox agrees with Diagram D, p. 129, in the Third Report of the Commission, but comes to a later date. The figures for the Stockholm epidemics are not given in the Reports of the Royal Commission except as regards the last and greatest of them. The others are from the same authority as in my former diagram—Dr. Berg, head of the Statistical Department at Stockholm, who supplied them to Dr. Pierce as stated in his Vital Statistics. The Upper line, showing the death-rate from all causes, is from the five-year average mortality, and is on a smaller vertical scale (as shown by the figures at the sides) in order to bring it into the same diagram. DIAGRAM VI. Small-pox death-rates in Prussia —————— Epidemics in Berlin ------ From the figures appended to the diagram opposite p. 232 of the Second Report, and the Berlin epidemics from the table at p. 231 of the same Report. DIAGRAM VII. Bavaria. Mortality from Small-Pox and other Zymotic Diseases in the years 1858-73. From Tables in the Second Report, pp. 337-8. Bavaria is chosen by Dr. Hopkirk to show the advantages of compulsory vaccination (see Q. 1489, p. 11, and Table facing p. 238, of Second Report). DIAGRAM VIII. Showing the Death-rates per Million living by Small-pox and Zymotic Diseases, from 1838 to 1896, in Leicester. The dotted line shows the percentage of Vaccinations to Births. N.B.—Before 1862 private vaccinations have been estimated. The Upper Thick line shows the death-rate from the following diseases:—Measles, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, Typhus, Whooping Cough, Enteric and other Fevers. The Lower Line, shaded for distinctness, shows the Small-pox death-rate. Drawn from Mr. Thomas Biggs’ Table 19, at p. 440 of the Fourth Report, kindly continued by Mr. Biggs to 1896. DIAGRAM IX. This Diagram shows various Death-rates in Leicester, in five-year Averages. The dotted line shows the percentage of vaccinations to total births. Authorities. The three Death-rates and the Vaccinations are from Table 34 (p. 450) in the Fourth Report. The Small-pox death-rate is from Table 45 (p. 461) in same Report. Figures to continue the diagram to 1896 have been kindly furnished by Mr. Biggs from official sources. DIAGRAM X. Infant Mortality. The upper portion of this diagram shows the Infant Mortality of London from 1730 to 1830, from Dr. Farr’s tables in McCulloch’s Statistical Account of the British Empire, vol. ii., p. 543 (1847). From 1840 to 1890 shows the Infant Mortality of England calculated from the Reports of the Registrar-General (see 3rd Report, p. 197, Table O). Materials for the continuation of Dr. Farr’s London Table (under 5 years) are not given by the Registrar-General. The Lower part of the Table shows, on a larger scale, the Infant Mortality of London, under one year, as given by the Registrar-General in his Annual summary for 1891, Table 12, p. xxv., and in his 58th Annual Report, Table 25, p. xci. DIAGRAM XI. Army and Navy. Lower Thick line shows the Small-pox mortality per 100,000 in the Army. Upper Thick line shows the total Disease Mortality in the Army (Home Force). The two Thin lines show the corresponding Mortalities in the Navy. Authorities. Total Disease Mortalities, from the Registrar-General’s 51st Report, Table 29, and 58th Report, Table 33, for the Army. From Table at p. 254 of Second Report of Roy. Comm. for the Navy. Small-pox Mortalities from the “Final Report,” pp. 86-88. N.B.—The higher figures (hundreds) show the Disease mortality; the lower figures (tens) show the Small-pox mortality; both per 100,000. DIAGRAM XII. Small-pox Mortality per 100,000. The Army and Navy as compared with Ireland. From the earliest year given for Ireland in the Reports of the Royal Commission. Authorities. Army, 2nd Report, Table C., p. 278. Navy, 2nd Report, Table C., p. 254. Both supplemented for the last six years by the “Final Report,” pp. 86-88. Ireland. Table on p. 57 of “Final Report” corrected to ages 15-45 by adding one-tenth according to the Table J. at p. 274 of 2nd Report. Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London. To be Published in April, 1898 In One Volume, Crown 8vo The Wonderful Century Its Successes and Failures BY The object of this volume is to give a short descriptive sketch of the more important mechanical inventions and scientific discoveries which are distinctive of the nineteenth century; and especially to enable those who have lived only in the latter half of it to realise its full significance in the history of human progress. The author maintains that our century is altogether unique; that it differs from the eighteenth or the seventeenth centuries, not merely as those differed from the centuries which immediately preceded them, but that it has initiated a new era, and that it may be more properly compared with the whole preceding historical period. His estimate of the advances made during the present century is, therefore, higher than that of previous writers; but he points out that it is almost wholly a material and intellectual progress, and that, even intellectually, it is very imperfect. The second part of the work discusses the intellectual and moral failures of the century, which are shown to be as conspicuous and deplorable as its successes are admirable and unprecedented. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co., Ltd., London. |
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