The mountainous scenery of this county is described by Mr. Wakefield as presenting neither roughness nor green herbage, but exhibiting something between both, which may be called uncultivated vegetation; while the lower parts are inundated with water, and in some places have been converted into bogs. The arable land is seldom divided to any extent, and the scenery is little enriched by the seats of the gentry or the elegancies of cultivation. Limestone, both white and blue, is frequent in this county; and the latter is often used in building, being not unlike marble: yet it is sometimes found in so friable a state as to be capable of being spread as manure without burning. In a limestone rock on the coast, there is a remarkable cavern, called the Robbers' Cave, which contains apartments where a large banditti some years ago concealed themselves, as a hoard for their booty, and were extremely troublesome to the vicinage. There are numerous rivers. Bounded S. by Tyrone, W. by Donnegal, E. by Lough-Neagh, and N. by the ocean.

Coleraine, 23 m. N.E. of Derry, stands 4 m. from the sea, on the Bann; a general station for the Giants' Causeway, particularly when Bush Mills is crowded. See the Falls of the Bann, or Salmon Leap, well described in Dr. Drummond's poem on the Giants' Causeway. Near the bridge a small rath or mount like those on Salisbury Plain. Famous for fine linens. Extensive prospects from surrounding hills. Ch. pleasantly situated. Old-fashioned house and grounds of Jackson Hall; at Down Hill, seat of Sir Hervey Bruce, some good paintings; waterfall near the entrance of the grounds.

Londonderry is a city 115 m. N.W. of Dublin, about 1 m. in circumference, which the tourist will visit with interest, on account of its well known siege in 1690. Walk round the walls; see the Cathedral, of some antiquity (1633), the wooden bridge, 1/3 of a m. in length over a branch of Loch-Foyle, serving also as an aqueduct. Town-hall and Market-house; the Episcopal Palace, with the gardens outside of the walls, from whence there is a fine prospect. The view of the city from the bridge, with the shipping, and backed by lofty hills, is worthy of notice. The view of this town at the distance of a mile or two is most picturesque, seeming to be built on an island of bold land rising from the river, and backed by extensive hills. The philanthropic tourist will not fail to visit the Infirmary, a handsome spacious edifice under good regulations; also the Repository for Work, and the Institution for small loans to the industrious poor. (See Curwen, vol. i. p. 232, for rules and regulations.) Good accommodations and post-horses. At 3 m. N., see Aileach Neid, an ancient rath or castle of the O'Neils, constructed like the Danish forts, and destroyed by Murtogh O'Brian in 1101. Clady is a small village pleasantly seated on the river Faughan, with ruins of O'Cane's Castle near it. Lough Foyle is a fine expanse of water, 14 m. by 8, and forms a most commodious harbour.

Kilrea, 26 m. N.E. of Derry, on the borders of Antrim; stands pleasantly on the river Bann, and is a very cheerful little town, surrounded by opulence and industry from the linen manufacture.

Magherafelt, 30 m. E. of Derry, is a very neat village, and forms a good station for the eastern district, and for Lough-Neagh. Maghera is a small village, in an agreeable neighbourhood. The tract of land on this side of Carntogher Mountains, called the Braeface, exhibits some delightful scenery. The cottages are built in tufts of hawthorn-trees, the humble but happy abodes of an industrious peasantry; deep glens, lined with bushes and shrubs, winding from the higher parts of the mountain, mark the progress of the winter floods, and terminate in the Moyola which runs below. The Danish forts or raths are numerous; and there is some curious antique sculpture over the church door.

Newton Limavaddy, 12 m. N.E. of Derry, is a neat town of one street, seated in a woody glen watered by a stream, and surrounded by beautiful scenery. Between it and Derry are some very fine views of the latter city; the Lough appearing to great advantage, bounded by a bold and precipitous hill towards the north; also a seat of the Beresford family, with a fine approach through a wood of stately oaks, and a rich underwood of holly. Accommodations and roads good. At Dungiven, 6 m. S.E., see the quarry of Alknever, which produces very fine sandstone of the best quality and of a tawny colour, not unlike Portland stone. Extensive mountain scenery, and pleasing landscapes on the river Roe. See the Old Castle, ancient Ch. and Monuments; numerous Raths, and curious Cave 2 m. distant. Magilligan is famous for its rabbit-warren.

MINERALS.

Iron ore:—near Castle Dawson. Small veins of lead and copper. Crystals found near Dungiven.

BOTANY.

Agrostis stolonifera, Fiorin-grass, called in England Joint-grass.

Anthoxanthum odoratum, Sweet Vernal-grass:—in woods and coarse grounds.

Alopecurus geniculatus, Flute Foxtail:—in wet grounds.

Arundo arenaria, Sea Reed:—on the shores.

Alchemilla vulgaris, Ladies Mantle:—a plant of great elegance in high pastures.

Achillea Millefolium, Yarrow:—in pastures on the banks of the Fahan.

Angelica sylvestris, Wild Angelica:—an aromatic plant in woods and moist hedges.

Arenaria peploides, Sea Sand-wort:—an elegant plant, abounding on the coast.

Borago officinalis, Borage:—on the banks of the Bann.

Caltha palustris, Marsh-Marigold:—in most parts.

Campanula rotundifolia, Round-leaved Bell-flower:—on the barren pastures near Downhill.

Convolvulus Sepium, Great Bind-weed:—among plantations near the sea.

Digitalis purpurea, Foxglove:—very common near ditches.

Elymus arenarius, Sea Lime-grass:—on sandy grounds near the sea.

Epilobium angustifolium, Rosebay Willow-herb:—in hedges.

Erica cinerea, Fine Heath:—on moors and wastes.

Erica multiflora, Fir-leaved Heath:—on Magilligan Mountains.

Festuca elatior, Tall Fescue-grass:—in the woods of Aghanloo.

Galium palustre, White Ladies Bed-straw:—in moist meadows, and on the banks of the Bann.

Hypericum pulchrum, Upright St. John's Wort:—an elegant plant in woods and glens.

Iris Pseud-acorus, Common Flag:—a beautiful species in boggy meadows.

Leontodon Taraxacum, Dandelion:—in pastures.

Lychnis Flos Cuculi, Meadow Pink:—in low meadows at Aghanloo.

Melica uniflora, Single Wood-grass:—in wet wooded grounds.

Melampyrum sylvaticum, Wood Cow-weed:—in oak-woods.

NymphÆa alba, White Water-lily:—in lakes and rivers.

Orchis Satyrion, Orchis:—all the varieties to be found in high grounds and wet meadows.

Parnassia palustris, Grass of Parnassus:—in wet grounds.

Potentilla anserina, Silver Weed:—in dry pastures and meadows.

Ranunculus Flammula, Crowfoot:—in wet meadows.

Saponaria officinalis, Soapwort:—in dry ditches, but rare.

Tanacetum vulgare, Yellow Tansey:—in the river Roe, and sandy ditches in Drumbane.

Trifolium alpestre, Long-leaved Trefoil:—amongst the romantic fallen rocks of Bengevenogh.

Veronica maritima, Sea Speedwell:—several varieties on the coast.

Viola odorata, Sweet Violet:—under hedges, bushes, &c.

Zostera marina, Grass-wrack:—on shallow beaches.