[1] First century A.D.

[2] Zen (Sanskrit: dhyana) means literally “contemplation.”

[3] Dr. McGovern tells me that Zen would seem to be more immediately derived from the Nihilistic School of Nagarjuna (1st century A.D.).

[4] Concentration.

[5] Dai Bonten Monbutsu Ketsugi Kyo.

[6] Translated by W. Gemmell, 1912. Its use by Konin shows that Zen did not long avoid the use of scriptures.

[7] Old T’ang History, 191.

[8] 1592-1673 A.D.

[9] On the attitude of the Mongol rulers to Zen, see an article by Prof. Kunishita, Toyogakuho, xi., 4, 87.

[10] See KÜmmel, Die Kunst Ostasiens Pl. 118.

[11] See my No Plays of Japan (Allen & Unwin, 1921), p. 19. The passage here translated is taken not from the current, two-chapter abridgement of Gido’s Diary, but from the Kokuchoshu, a miscellany by the 15th century priest Zuikei, who quoted many passages from the lost portion of the Diary. See Mr. Saga Toshu, Shina Gaku, I., 1.

[12] 1314-1384.

[13] Died 1323. Both he and Donfu were Japanese priests who visited China.

[14] At Chia-hsing in Chehkiang.

[15] Entered this temple in 1334.

[16] Visited Japan; was at the Shotenji from 1342-1345.