Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Vol. 68, No 422, December 1850

INDEX TO VOL. LXVIII.

Abinger, lord, 563.
Adelaide, madame, and Chateaubriand, 44, 45.
Adolphus, Mr, 553.
Afghanistan, Peel's conduct on the disasters in, 359.
Africa, North, military life in, 415.
African Sporting, 231.
Agdolo, colonel, the case of, 343.
Agricultural Interest, state and prospects of the, 109.
Agricultural produce, comparative value of, 112
—amount of depreciation in it, 617
—direct and indirect burdens on it, 614.
Agriculture, capital invested in, 119
—and manufactures, comparative importance of, 115
—relations of small farming to, 675, et seq.
Alderson, baron, 553, 559, 569.
Aldossar, captain, 311, et seq., 317.
Alexander, the emperor, and his father's dethronement, 338, et seq. passim.
Alfieri, specimens of eloquence from, 649.
Algeria, sketches of the war in, 415.
Allen, rev. Mr, trial of, for duelling, 717.
Alton Locke, review of, 592.
Andelot, brother of Coligny, 18.
Anna Hammer, 573.
Ancient and Modern Eloquence, 645.
Anthony of Bourbon, 456, et seq. passim.
Antoinette de Bourbon, 2.
Architecture, mediÆval, on, 219.
Aristotle, his definition of the poet, 480.
Army, errors of Louis XVIII. regarding the, 35
—the Prussian, rise of, 519.
Art, increasing taste for, in Great Britain, 77
—early, its absorption in architecture, 219.
Aumale, Francis, count d', 7
—his career, 9, et seq.
—the duke d', his power, popularity, &c. 12.
Austria, state of exports of cotton to, 127
—and of imports of corn from, 130
—the war between, and Frederick the Great, 522, et seq.
—and Hungary, conduct of Great Britain regarding, 329
—and Sardinia, 327.
Aytoun, William, the architect of Heriot's hospital, 227.
Bacon, account of, by Symonds d'Ewes, 142
—his definition of the poet, 486.
BalafrÉ duke of Guise, 19.
Bar, the English, Ledru Rollin on, 170.
Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, the, 217.
Bayley, baron, on duelling, 719.
Bean, the attack on the queen by, 552.
Bechuanas, sketches of the, 237.
Belgium, state of, exports of cotton to, 127
—and of imports of corn from, 129.
Bellingham, the case of, 564.
Benningsen, general, 338, 341, et seq.
Bentinck, lord George, exposure of free trade statistics by, 123.
BÈze, Theodore de, anecdote of, 460.
Billings' Antiquities of Scotland, 217.
Bisset's memoirs of sir A. Mitchell, 516.
Bodkin, Mr, counsel for Oxford, 553.
Bolza, count Joseph, 344.
Borthwick castle, ruins of, 226.
Bossuet, example of the oratory of, 656.
BouillÉ's lives of the Guises, vol. i., 1
—vol. ii., 456.
Bourbon, the constable of, 4.
Bourbon and Guise, struggles between the houses of, 456.
Bourbons, difficulties of the, on the restoration, 36.
Brandenburg, the electorate of, 517.
BrantÔme, account of the cardinal of Lorraine, by, 8.
Brazil, state of exports of cotton to, 133.
Brick duty, repeal of the, 612.
Britain, the defences of, 713.
British farmer, position of, compared with the foreign, 615, 682.
Brougham, lord, and the criminal law reform, 357
—his speech on the Durham clergy case, 378, 655
—on ancient and modern eloquence, 657.
Bulau, Professor, his work on the Mysteries of History, 335.
Buller, Mr Justice, on duelling, 717.
Bullion committee, and its report, 360.
Buonaparte, Lucien, and madame Recamier, 42.
Buonaparte, Napoleon, the return of, from Elba, 37
—character of, by Chateaubriand, ib.
—Chateaubriand on his fall, 39
—persecution of madame Recamier by, 40
—and the Bourbons, Chateaubriand's pamphlet on, 34.
Burke, example of the oratory of, 654.
Burnet's landscape painting in oil, 185.
Caerlaveroc castle, ruins of, 225.
Calderon, the dramas of, 539.
Calisto y Meliboea, drama of, 536.
Cameleopard, hunting the, 238.
Campbell, sir John, at Frost's trial, 379, et seq.
—counsel on Oxford's case, 553
—and on Lord Cardigan's, 725
—his Lives of the Chancellors, &c., 374, note.
Canada, Rollin on the conduct of England toward, 166.
Canning, political intrigue of, 211.
Capital, agricultural and manufacturing, 119
—recent legislation directed to favour, 115.
Capitalists, English, Rollin on, 168
—Peel's connection with the, 362.
Caracci, landscape style of the, 192, 193.
Cardigan, the earl of, trial of, 377, 720.
Cardonnel, Adam de, Scottish views by, 228.
Cash payments, the resumption of, in 1819, 360.
Castellane's military life in North Africa, 415.
Catherine of Medicis, 456, et seq. passim.
Catholic question, Palmerston's speech on the, 215
—Peel's conduct on the, 355, 363.
Catholic emancipation, results of, 363.
Catiline, speeches of, from Sallust, 652.
Cattle, decline in the value of, 108.
Cavaignac in Algeria, 417, 418.
Cavalry, on the use of, 531.
Caxton, Pisistratus, My Novel by, part i., 247
—part ii., 393
—part iii., 499
—part iv., 627.
Celestina, the drama of, 535.
Changarnier, general, in Algeria, 417.
Charles V., war between, and Francis I., 4
—siege of Metz by, 14.
Charles IX., notices of, 458, et seq. passim
—his death, 471.
Charles X., Chateaubriand's loyalty to, 43.
Charles, cardinal of Lorraine, character and career of, 11, 14.
Chartist outbreak, the trials for, 381.
Chateaubriand's memoirs, 33.
Chess match, the London and Edinburgh, 97.
Chess player's Chronicle, the, on the London and Edinburgh match, 100.
China, state of exports of cotton to, 127
—Peel's conduct regarding the war in, 359.
Christoval de Vines, the dramas of, 538.
Cicero, the representative of Roman oratory, 645
—on the education of the orator, 660.
Civilisation, influence of peasant properties on, 678.
Clairvoyance, remarks on, 275.
Claude, duke of Guise, career of, 2
—his death, 13.
Claude Lorraine, the landscapes of, 192, 193.
Clergy, the English, Ledru Rollin on, 169.
Coal as a pigment, on, 187.
Cockburn, Mr, counsel for M'Naughten, 564, 565.
Coelius, the oratory of, 658.
Coleridge, Mr Justice, 564.
Coligny, admiral, sketches of, 16, et seq., 456, et seq. passim
—his murder, 470.
Commerce, British, injury inflicted on, by intervention abroad, 324.
Commercial crisis of 1847, the, 124.
Condamine, Charles Marie de la, 352.
CondÉ, the prince of, 456, et seq. passim
—his death, 468.
Constant, B., sketch of Madame Recamier by, 41.
Convulsionnaires, the, 352.
Cordiner's Scottish views, on, 228.
Corn, importations of, compared with exports of cotton, 128.
Corn laws, Peel's conduct regarding the, 355
—false application of political economy shown in the repeal of, 672
—Laing on, 682, et seq.
Corneille, the declamation of, 648.
Cosel, the countess, 348.
Cotton manufactures, relations of free trade to, 123, et seq.
—effects of free trade on, 126, et seq.
—exports of, compared with imports of corn, 128
—exports of, at various times, 124, 125
—yarn, exports of, 1845 and 1848, 126.
Courtship in the time of James I., 141.
Courvoisier, the trial of, 378
—sketch of, 545.
Cox, D., the water-colour painter, 186.
Craniology, fundamental error of, 266.
Crichton castle, architecture of, 225.
Crime, true causes of the increase of, 357.
Criminal, responsibility of the, 547, et seq., 712.
Criminal law, Peel's reform in the, 357.
Croix, madame de la, 351.
Crowe's night side of nature, review of, 265.
Crowther, lieut., the duelling case of, 719.
Cultivation, effects of peasant properties on, 675, et seq.
Cumming's South Africa, 231.
Currency measures of 1819, Peel's, 360.
Dairsie, church of, 224.
Daisy, the, by ?, 471.
Daun, Marshal, defeat of, at Leuthen, 529.
Debt, effects of the resumption of cash payments on, 361.
Defences of Britain, the, 713.
Delta, a Wild-Flower Garland by
—The Daisy, 471
—The White Rose, 472
—The Sweetbriar, ib.
—The Wallflower, 473.
Demosthenes, the representative of Greek oratory, 645
—example of his, 653.
Denman, Lord, Oxford tried before, 553
—and Lord Cardigan, 725.
Denmark, conduct of Britain to, 328.
Despotic governments, danger of revolutionary fervour to, 321
—oratory impossible under, 647.
D'Ewes, Symonds, the courtship of, 114.
Dewint, the water-colour painter, 186.
Diana of Poitiers, notices of, 11, 456.
Dies Boreales. No. VIII.
—Christopher under Canvass, 479
—on Dugald Stewart's ideal of the Poet, 480, et seq.
Direct taxes, distribution of the, 614.
Direct and indirect taxation, on, 623.
Doppelgangers, on, 273, 276.
Domenichino, the style of, 192, 193.
Drama, the English and Spanish, connection between, 537
—the modern, the declamation of, 648.
Dramatic art, capabilities of the French for, 415.
Dreams, on, 273.
Dresden, the Austrian siege of, 532.
Dreux, the battle of, 461.
Drummond, Mr, M'Naughten's trial for the murder of, 561.
Duelling, trials for, 712.
Dutch school of landscape, the, 191.
East, oratory unknown in the, 659.
Ecclesiastical architecture, on, 217.
Economist, the, on the American President's message, 132
—on the increased exports to the East, 134
—on the state of the home market, 135.
Edinburgh and London chess match, the, 97.
Egypt, state of exports of cotton to, 127
—and of import of corn from, 130.
Elephant, hunting the, 239.
Elgin cathedral, state of, 220.
Ellenborough, lord, on our foreign policy, 334.
Elliott, the duelling case of, 717.
Eloquence, ancient and modern, 645.
England, Ledru Rollin, on, 160
—the Popish partition of, 745
—taste for landscape painting in, 185
—the water-colour painters of, 186
—neglect of Spanish literature in, 535
—defective training to oratory in, 662
—modern style of it in, 666
—extent of unimproved land in, 686.
English church, Ledru Rollin on the, 168
—drama, connection of, with the Spanish, 537.
Erskine, Mr, defence of Hadfield by, 552
—example of the oratory of, 655.
Europe, Laing's observations on, 671
—importance of oratory in, 659
—extent of unimproved land in, 686.
Exhibition of 1851, the, 278
—of paintings, the, 77.
Factories, number of, in the United States, 132.
Family Feud, a, 174.
Farmers, loss sustained by the, through free trade, 112
—their conduct toward their landlords, 113
—their condition as purchasers of manufactures, 135
—mode of assessing them for the income-tax, 620.
Figueroa, denunciations of the drama by, 539.
Fittler's Scotia Depicta, on, 228.
Flamboyant architecture, the, in Scotland, 224.
Flanders, the peasant proprietors of, 675, et seq.
Flemish school of landscape painting, the, 191.
Flemming, colonel, sketches of, 348.
Follett, sir W., 564, 726, et seq.
Foreign affairs, 319.
Foreign farmer, advantages of the position of the, 615, 683.
Foreign policy, Peel's, review of, 360.
Forey, major, in Africa, 417, 418.
Forsyth's Beauties of Scotland, on, 228.
FouchÉ, aversion of Chateaubriand to, 38.
Fouvert, fidelity of, to the duke of Guise, 3.
Fox, sketch of, by Ward, 207
—the accession and fall of, 214.
France during the sixteenth century, connection of the Guises with, 1, et seq., 456, et seq.
—impatience of repose in, 36
—state of exports of cotton to, 127
—and of imports of corn from, ib.
—moderation of England toward, 161
—defence of, by Ledru Rollin, 164
—rapid changes of property in, 168
—aggressive spirit of, 319
—English institutions unadapted to, 320
—value of Prussia as a barrier against, 516
—neglect of Spanish literature in, 535.
Francis I., sketches of, 2, et seq.
—his death, 11.
Francis II., notices of, 456, et seq. passim.
Francis of Lorraine, death of, 5.
Francis, the attack on the Queen by, 552.
Frederick the Great, career of, 520.
Frederick William I., character of, 518
—II., character, &c. of, ib. et seq.
Free-trade and our cotton manufactures, 123
—depreciation of agricultural produce under, 112
—review of Peel's conduct regarding, 365
—relations of taxation to, 617.
Free-traders, representations of, regarding the state of the country, 106
—their encomiums on sir R. Peel, 354.
Freedom, the masquerade of, 475.
French wars of religion, the, 456
—tragedy, the perfection of, 647.
French, military abilities of the, 415.
Frost, the trial of, 379.
Funds, taxation of the, 620.
Galgacus, the speech of, 651.
Game-law revolt in Saxony, 347.
Gemsbok, description of the, 234.
George III., Hadfield's attack on, 551.
Germany, courts of, sketches of, 348.
Gibbon's political economy, on, 620, note.
Gil of the green trousers, drama of, 543.
Girtin the painter, 186.
Glasgow Daily Mail, letter from the, on recent legislation, 138
—on the exhibition of 1851, 286, 288.
Glockner, a Bavarian adventurer, 429.
Gouge, rev. Mr, 142, et seq. passim.
Graham, sir James, views of, regarding the prices of grain, 107.
Grain, views of the free-traders regarding prices of, 107.
Grattan, Mr, the oratory of, 656.
Great Britain, the Defences of, 736,
—increasing taste for art in, 77
—prices at which wheat can be grown at in, 109
—her moderation toward France, 161
—Rollin on her conduct in the opening of the war, 164
—extent of her interests, 319
—effects on herself of her intervention in the Peninsula, 323
—encouragement given by her to foreign liberalism, 324
—her defenceless state, 333
—Prussia her natural ally, 516.
Great Unknown, the, 698.
Greece, conduct of Britain toward, 330.
Greek oratory, Demosthenes the representative of, 645.
Green, the dramas of, 538.
Green hand, the, a short yarn, part xi., 48
—part xii., 291
—a wind-up, 433.
Gregory, professor, his translation of Reichenbach's researches, 265, et seq.
Grose's Scottish antiquities, on, 228.
Guise, BouillÉ's Lives of the House of, vol i., 1
—vol. ii., 456
—Claude, duke of, 2, et seq.
—Francis, 9, et seq.; 457, et seq. passim
—his murder, 464
—and Bourbon, struggle between the houses of, 456.
Gurney, baron, 548, 553.
Hadfield, James, the attack on George III. by, 551.
Hamilton, W., the attack on the Queen by, 553.
Hamm's campaign in Schleswig-Holstein, 308.
Hanover, exports of cotton to, 127.
Hanse Towns, exports of cotton to, 127.
Hardenberg, Prince, the territorial reforms of, 680.
Havil, the water-colour painter, 186.
Head's defenceless state of Britain, 736.
Helsham, Captain, trial of, 719.
Henry VIII., enmity of, to the Guises, 9.
Henry II. of France, notices of, 11, et seq.
—III., 467, et seq.
—IV., 468, et seq.
—V., Chateaubriand's speech for, 46.
Henry of Guise, character, &c. of, 465.
Heriot's hospital, architecture of, 227.
High treason, trial of Frost for, 379
Tindal's definition of, 380.
History, the mysteries of, 335.
Hobbima, the style of, 88, 193.
Hobert, chief-justice, 144, et seq. passim.
Hohenstein, game-law revolt at, 347.
Holland, state of exports of cotton to, 127
—and of imports of corn, 129.
Home market, value of the, 134.
Horace on the Poet, 493.
Hotham, baron, on duelling, 716.
Hours in Spain, 534.
House of Guise, the, 1, 456.
Huguenots, the wars with the, 456, et seq.
—massacre of, at Vassy, 459.
Hungarian exiles, interference of England on behalf of the, 329.
Hungary, conduct of Great Britain regarding, 329.
Imagination, Dugald Stewart on, 480.
Income-tax, renewal of the, 611
—Peel's conduct in imposing, 359
—inequalities in assessment of, 620.
India, state of exports of cotton to, 127
—of exports and imports, 134
—growth of British power in, 163
—Peel's conduct regarding, 359.
Indirect taxation, pressure of, on agricultural produce, 614
—and direct, comparison of, 623.
Industry of the people, the, 106
—mutual dependence of various branches of, 115.
Inheritance, law of, relations of small properties to, 679.
Insanity in connection with crime, on, 547, et seq., 712.
Intervention, the system of, 322, et seq.
Ireland, English institutions unadapted to, 320
—police force introduced by Peel into, 356
—results of Catholic emancipation in, 363
—exemption of, from the income-tax, 622.
Italian school of landscape painting, the, 191, 192.
Italy, the French invasion of, under Francis I., 3
—Palmerston's defence of his policy toward, 326.
Jackson, Cyril, 201.
James I., courtship in the time of, 141.
Jarnac, battle of, 468.
Jeffcott, the duelling case of, 717.
Jew bill, the, 73.
Jew, reasons against admission of, to the legislature, 73
—the modern, his character, 599.
Joinville, Henry prince of, 19.
John, cardinal of Lorraine, character and career of, 7
—his death, 13.
Johnson on duelling, 714.
Jones, Inigo, not the architect of Heriot's hospital, 227.
Jones, trial of, with Frost, 381, et seq.
Journalism, a lecture on, 691.
Juan de la Cueva, the dramas of, 538.
Judges, Townsend's Lives of the, 374
—decision of the, regarding insanity, 549.
Jury trial in England, Rollin on, 168.
Jutland, sketches of, 315.
Kabyles, contests of the French with the, 417.
Kelly, Mr Fitzroy, 388, et seq.
Kerr, R., letter from, on the exhibition of 1851, 286, 288.
Kinkel, Godfrey, a Family Feud by, 174.
Kolin, battle of, 526.
Kuruman, missionary station of, 237.
Labourers, effects of free trade on, 136.
La Decadence d'Angleterre, Ledru Rollin's, 160.
La Harpe and Madame Recamier, 41.
Laing's Observations on Europe, 671.
Land, unimproved, in England and the Continent, 686.
Landed interest, burdens on the, 614.
Landed property, transfer of, 168.
Landlords, prospects of the, 109
—apathy of, toward their tenantry, 113.
Landscape painting in oil, 185.
Landscape, passion for, in England, 185.
Latour Maubourg, general, 34.
Lawyers, English, Rollin on, 170.
Lecture on Journalism, a, 691.
Ledru Rollin on England, 160.
Legislature, reasons against the admission of the Jew to, 74.
Leuthen, battle of, 529.
Lewis, Mr, on the London and Edinburgh chess match, 101.
Liberal institutions, danger of forcing, on nations unprepared, 320.
Liberty, necessity of, to oratory, 646.
Lion, hunting the, 235, 236.
Litakoo, missionary station of, 237.
Lombardy, conduct of Palmerston regarding, 327.
London and Edinburgh chess match, the, 97.
London, increasing taste for pictures in, 77
—sketch of, by Ledru Rollin, 162
—police force, established by Peel, 357.
Lope de Vega, the dramas of, 539.
Lords, trial of Lord Cardigan before the, 725.
Lorraine, celebrity of the house of, 1
—Francis of, slain at Pavia, 5
—John, cardinal of, 7
—and Charles II., 456, et seq. passim, 466.
Louis XII., marriage and death of, 2.
Louis XVIII., the entry of, into Paris, 35
—his difficulties, 36
—conversation of Chateaubriand with, 38.
Louis Philippe, fall of, foreseen by Chateaubriand, 44
—remarkable interviews between them, ib. et seq.
Louvre, the exhibition in the, 77.
Ludlow, sergeant, at Frost's trial, 380.
Macaulay on the restoration of the Bourbons, 36.
Mackintosh, sir James, and the reforms in criminal law, 357.
M'Naughten, the trial of, for murder, 378, 548, 561
—interview with, 570.
Madness, degree of, necessary to exonerate from crime, 547, et seq.
Magnetism, Reichenbach's researches in, 266.
Malta, state of exports of cotton to, 127.
Manchester economists, the, 124.
Mansurow, colonel, 339, 341.
Manufacturers and agriculturists, comparative numbers of the, 115.
Manufactures, capital invested in, 119
—alleged value of the proposed exhibition to, 278
—the income tax imposed for behoof of, 612
—direct burdens on, 614.
Marignano, the battle of, 3.
Marin, lieutenant, 339, 341.
Marlow, the dramas of, 538.
Mary, the empress, wife of Paul, 343.
Masquerade of freedom, the, 475.
Massena and Madame Recamier, 41.
Maule, Mr, 383.
Maule, Mr justice, 553.
Mayenne, the marquis of, 11.
Mayo, Dr, his letters on popular superstitions, 274.
Megulp as a varnish, on, 195.
MÉrÉ, Poltrot de, the assassin of Guise, 464.
Mesmeric trance, theory &c. of the, 274.
Metz, defence of, by Guise, 14.
Mexico, exports of cotton to, 133.
Milanese, conquest of the, by Francis I., 3.
Milianah, combat at, 417
—sieges &c. of, 422.
Military Life in North Africa, 415
—art, capabilities of the French for the, ib.
Ministry, probable policy of the, regarding the income tax, 611.
Minto, lord, proceedings of, in Italy, 326.
Mirfin, the duelling case of, 717.
Mitchell, sir Andrew, the memoirs of, 516.
Modern state trials, part i., Frost, &c., 373
—part ii., Oxford and M'Naughten, 545
—part iii., Duelling, 712.
Mohamed Ould Caid Osman, adventures &c. of, 426.
Moncontour, battle of, 469.
Montesquiou, murder of CondÉ by, 468.
Montluc, a partisan of the Guises, 18, et seq.
Montmorency, the constable de, 17, 456, et seq. passim
—his death, 467.
Moral insanity, the modern dogma of, 558.
Mulgrave, lord, 205, et seq. passim.
My novel, by Pisistratus Caxton
—initial chapter, showing how my novel came to be written, 247
—chap. ii., 250
—chap. iii., 252
—chap. iv., 254
—chap. v., 256
—chap. vi., 257
—chap. vii., 258
—chap. viii., 260
—chap. ix., 261
—chap. x., 393
—chap. xi., 399
—chap. xii., 405
—chap. xiii., 414
—Book II., initial chapter, showing how this book came to have initial chapters, 499
—chap. ii., 500
—chap. iii., 504
—chap. iv., 507
—chap. v., 508
—chap. vi., 511
—chap. vii., 627
—chap. viii., 630
—chap. ix., 632
—chap. x., 634
—chap. xi., 638
—chap. xii., 640.
My peninsular medal, part viii., chap. xix., 20
—chap. xx., and last, 22.
Mysteries of history, the, 335.
Naples, state of exports of cotton to, 127
—lord Minto's proceedings at, 326.
Napoleon, resistance in Spain to, 534.
National debt, objects of the radicals regarding the, 109.
National industry, probable effects of the exhibition of 1851 on, 283.
National institute, exhibition of the, 77.
Newgate chapel, a visit to, 545.
New Holland, exports of cotton to, 127.
Newport, the chartist outbreak at, 381.
Night side of nature, the, 265.
Norm

Printed by William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh.

[1] By the pounds Milanese, Giacomo means the Milanese lira.

[2] Jeremy Taylor—Of Christian Prudence. Part II.

[3] Ib.

[4] This was well known in ancient times. "Corruptas," says Quintilian, "aliquando et vitiosas orationes, quas tamen plerique judiciorum pravitate mirantur, quam multa impropria, obscura, tumida, humilia, sordida, lasciva, effeminata sunt; quÆ non laudantur modo a plerisque, sed quod pejus est, propter hoc ipsum, quod sunt prava laudantur."—Inst. Orat. ii. 5.

[5] Cinna, Act ii. s. 1.

"Quelle prodigieuse supÉrioritÉ," says Voltaire in his Commentaries on this passage, "de la belle PoÉsie sur la prose! Tous les Écrivains politiques ont dÉlayÉ ces pensÉes, aucun n'a approchÉ de la force, de la profondeur, de la nettetÉ, de la prÉcision de ce discours de Cinna. Tous les corps d'État auraient du assister a cette piÈce, pour apprendre À penser et À parler."—Voltaire, Commentaires sur Corneille, iii. 308.

[6] Corneille, Attila, Act ii. s. 5.

[7] Julius CÆsar, Act iii. s. 2.

[8] Virginia, Act i. s. 3.

[9] Agricola, c. 31, 32.

[10] Sallust, Bell. Cat.

[11] Sallust, Bell. Cat.

[12] Quintilian, lib. iv. 2.

[13] De CoronÂ, Orat. GrÆc. i. 315, 325.

[14] Thucydides, ii. § 32, 33.

[15] Paradise Regained, iv. 268.

[16] Burke's Works, vol. xvi. pages 415, 416, 417, 418, 420.

[17] Brougham's Speeches, i. 227, 228.

[18] Erskine's Speeches, ii. 263.

[19] Grattan's Speeches, i. 52, 53.

[20] Bossuet, Oraisons FunÈbres.

[21] Hist. Parl., xxxiii. 406.

[22] Lord Brougham on the Eloquence of the Ancients. Speeches, iv. 379, 445, 446.

[23] "Quis enim nescit, maximam vim existere oratoris in hominum mentibus vel ad iram aut ad odium aut dolorem meitandis, vel, ab bisce usdem permotionibus, ad lemtatem misericordiamque revocandis quare, nisi qui naturas hominum, vimque omnem humanitatis, causasque eas quibus mentes aut incitantur aut reflectuntur, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Quam ob rem, si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult, is orator erit, meÀ sententri, hoc tam gravi dignus nomine, qui, quÆcumque res inciderit, quÆ sit dictione, explicanda, prudenter, et composite, et ornate, et memoriter dicat, cum quÀdam etiam actionis dignitate. Est enim finitimus oratori poeta, numeris adstrictior paulo, verborum antem heentia liberior, multis vero ornandi generibus socius, ac pÆne par."—De Oratore, hb 1 cap. 17.

[24] "Postea mihi placuit, eoque sum usus adolescens, ut summorum oratorum GrÆcas orationes explicarem; quibus lectis, hoc assequebar, ut, cum ea, quÆ legerem GrÆce, Latine redderem, non solum optimis verbis uterer, et tamen usitatis, sed etiam exprimerem quÆdam verba imitando, quÆ nova nostris essent, dummodo essent idonea."—De Oratore, 1. i. 34. "All Mr Pitt's leisure hours at college were devoted to translating the finest passages in the classical authors, especially Thucydides, into English, which he did freely, to the no small annoyance of his tutors."—Tomline's Life of Pitt, i. 23.

[25] "For the exercise of the student's writing, let him sometimes translate Latin into English. But by all means obtain, if you can, that he be not employed in making Latin themes and declamations, and, least of all, verses of any kind. Latin is a language foreign in this country, and long since dead everywhere—a language in which your son, it is a thousand to one, shall never have occasion once to make a speech as long as he lives, after he comes to be a man; and a language in which the manner of expressing one's-self is so far different from ours, that, to be perfect in that, would very little improve the purity and facility of his English style. I can see no pretence for this sort of exercise in our schools, unless it can be supposed that the making of set Latin speeches should be the way to teach men to speak well in English extempore. Still more is to be said against young men making Latin verses. If any one thinks poetry a desirable quality in his son, and that the study of it would raise his fancy and parts, he must needs yet confess that, to that end, reading the excellent Greek and Roman poets is of more use than making bad verses of his own in a language that is not his own. And he whose design it is to read in English poetry would not, I guess, think the way to it was to make his first essays in Latin verses."—Locke on Education, § 169, 174.

[26] Spectator, No. 407; Addison's Works, iv. 327.

[27] Observations, p. 158.

[28] See Blackwood's Magazine, vol. lvii. p. 529.

[29] Observations, p. 24.

[30] The paternal care which our Government takes of agriculture leaves us to grope our way by mere guess-work in all statistical questions affecting it. For want of a better guide, we may refer to Mr M'Culloch's often-quoted estimates, according to which, it would appear, that there is one labourer to each 13½ acres of arable land in England, one to each 19 ⁵/₇ acres in Scotland—almost exactly the proportion assumed by Mr Laing.

[31] Observations, p. 39.

[32] Previous to Hardenberg's administration, the peasants enjoyed the dominium utile of their lands, (bauern hofe, as they were called,) but subject to the payment of a certain quit-rent or feu-duty to the superior lord; and the scope of the change was to make these quit-rents redeemable, by the cession of a certain fixed proportion of the land and to vest the absolute property of the remainder in the vassal. It is obvious, therefore, that there is not the slightest analogy between the case of the Prussian feuar (as we should call him in Scotland) and that of an ordinary tenant-at-will or lessee of land, and that the commutation we have described has no similarity whatever to the schemes of "tenant-right," of which we now hear so much.

[33] We are glad to observe, in the recently published Report of the Royal Commission presided over by Lord Langdale, some indication of progress towards supplying the want of a system of Registry in England,—a want which, as the Commissioners truly affirm, operates as a heavy burden on land property, and a material diminution of its value.

[34] Evidence of Lords' Committee on the Burdens affecting Land, p. 423.

[35] Observations, p. 154.

[36] Notes, p. 287.

[37] Observations, p. 153.

[38] The estimate for this country is clearly too small. Out of one hundred acres in England, seventy-eight are under cultivation, or in meadow. For the British Islands, the proportion is about sixty-four to one hundred. As to the extent of uncultivated but available land in Prussia, see the Evidence of Mr Banfield before the Committee of the House of Lords on Burdens affecting Land.

[39] Modern State Trials: Revised and Illustrated, with Essays and Notes. By William C. Townsend, Esq., M.A., Q.C., Recorder of Macclesfield. In 2 vols. 8vo. Longman & Co. 1850.

[40] In one of Dr Johnson's various conversations with Boswell and others, on the subject of duelling, he said, "A man is sufficiently punished [for an injury] by being called out, and subjected to the risk that is in a duel. But," continues Boswell, "on my suggesting that the injured person is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he could not explain the rationality of duelling." It will be remembered that, in previous conversations, the Doctor had endeavoured to do so, by various unsatisfactory and sophistical reasons; and one of his arguments, recorded by Boswell, was quoted by the counsel of Mr Stuart, when tried for having shot in a duel Sir Alexander Boswell, the eldest son of Boswell!

[41] Townsend, vol. i. p. 170-171.

[42] Ibid., p. 154-5.

[43] Townsend, vol. i. p. 152.

[44] Ibid., p. 162.

[45] Ibid., p. 163.

[46] Regina v. Young. 8 Carr and Payne, 644.

[47] In opening the case against Lord Cardigan, at the bar of the House of Lords, the Attorney-General, (now Lord Campbell,) of course speaking from erroneous instructions, imputed to Lord Cardigan the utterance of a most unbecoming and offensive expression,—"Do you think I would condescend to fight with one of my own officers?" We are satisfied that no such language could have fallen from a British officer; and the evidence shows that it did not in point of fact.

[48] Vol. i. p. 210.

[49] It was called "the Waltham Black Act," as occasioned by the devastations committed near Waltham, in Hampshire, by persons disguised, and with blackened faces—"who seem" says Blackstone, "to have resembled the followers of Robert Hood, who in the reign of Richard I. committed such great outrages on the borders of England and Scotland."—4 Black. Com. 245.

[50] Mr Chitty. Townsend, i. p. 209.

[51] 4 Black. Com. p. 199.

[52] 1 Townsend, p. 215, 216.

[53] Ibid. p. 210.

[54] For misdemeanour, a peer has no such privilege, but must be tried by a jury.

[55] 20th February 1841.

[56] The mode of appointing this high officer, and of constituting the court, will be found explained at length in Blackstone's Commentaries.—Vol. iv. p. 259, et seq.

[57] The meaning of this observation is, that the privilege of not answering questions tending to criminate the witness belongs to the witness, and not to the parties wherefore the objection to such questions ought to come from the witness, and not from the counsel for either of the parties.

[58] Townsend, vol. i. p. 229.

[59] Townsend, p. 239, 240, 241.

[60] Ibid., p. 238.

[61] We are by no means sure, however, that he could have been compelled to answer the question, if he had stated that he believed his answer might tend to criminate himself.

[62] 1 Townsend, p. 211. Lord Campbell has included his opening address in Lord Cardigan's case among his published speeches, and thus deprecates the censures which had been passed upon him: "I was much hurt by an accusation that my address contained a defence of duelling, and had a tendency to encourage that practice. Nothing could be further from my intention.... I continue to think that to engage in a duel, which cannot be declined without infamy, and which is not occasioned by any offence given by the party whose conduct is under discussion, whether he accepted or sent the challenge, though contrary to the law of the land, is an act free from moral turpitude.... I consider that to fight a duel must always be a great calamity, but it is not always, necessarily, a great crime." Fully acknowledging the difficulties of the subject, we publicly and solemnly disclaim participation in these opinions, for reasons already laid before our readers. We give Lord Campbell full credit for the purity of his motives, and the sincerity of his convictions; but we must withhold our concurrence from opinions which ignore moral turpitude in a breach of the law of God!

[63] Articles of War. Art 17.

[64] The Defenceless State of Great Britain. By Sir F. B. Head, Bart. London. Murray: 1850.

[65] The following is an extract from Cobden's speech at Wrexham, on 12th November last, as reported in the Times of 14th November: "He had no doubt that, in the volume written by Sir F. Head, (which had been referred to,) the author of Bubbles from the Brunnens of Nassau—and he dared say those bubbles were just as substantial as the facts in that volume, (cheers and laughter,)—but there was something in the antecedents of Sir F. Head, and his conduct in Canada, which did not recommend him to him (Mr Cobden) as a good authority in this affair of our finances. (Hear, hear.) But, no doubt, he should be told that we were in great danger from other countries keeping up large military establishments, and coming to attack us. Now, the answer he gave to that was, that he would rather run the risk of France coming to attack us, than keep up the present establishments in this country. He had done with reasoning on the subject. He would rather cut down the expenditure for military establishments to L.10,000,000, and run every danger from France, or any other quarter, than risk the danger of attempting to keep up the present standard of taxation and expenditure. (Cheers.) He called those men cowards who wrote in this way. He was not accustomed to pay fulsome compliments to the English, by telling them that they were superior to all the world; but this he could say, that they did not deserve the name of cowards. (Hear, hear.) The men who wrote these books must be cowards, and he knew nothing so preposterous as talking of a number of Frenchmen coming and taking possession of London."

Transcriber's Notes:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors were corrected.

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