CONTENTS

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1. The Setting of the Stage 3
2. Our Earliest Ancestors 9
3. Prehistoric Man Begins to Make Things for Himself 13
4. The Egyptians Invent the Art of Writing and the Record of History Begins 17
5. The Beginning of Civilisation in the Valley of the Nile 22
6. The Rise and Fall of Egypt 27
7. Mesopotamia, the Second Centre of Eastern Civilisation 29
8. The Sumerian Nail Writers, Whose Clay Tablets Tell Us the Story of Assyria and Babylonia, the Great Semitic Melting-Pot 32
9. The Story of Moses, the Leader of the Jewish People 38
10. The Phoenicians, Who Gave Us Our Alphabet 42
11. The Indo-European Persians Conquer the Semitic and the Egyptian World 44
12. The People of the Ægean Sea Carried the Civilisation of Old Asia Into the Wilderness of Europe 48
13. Meanwhile the Indo-European Tribe of the Hellenes Was Taking Possession of Greece 54
14. The Greek Cities That Were Really States 59
15. The Greeks Were the First People to Try the Difficult Experiment of Self-Government 62
16. How the Greeks Lived 66
17. The Origins of the Theatre, the First Form of Public Amusement 71
18. How the Greeks Defended Europe Against an Asiatic Invasion and Drove the Persians Back Across the Ægean Sea 74
19. How Athens and Sparta Fought a Long and Disastrous War for the Leadership of Greece 81
20. Alexander the Macedonian Establishes a Greek World-Empire, and What Became of This High Ambition 83
21. A Short Summary of Chapters 1 to 20 85
22. The Semitic Colony of Carthage on the Northern Coast of Africa and the Indo-European City of Rome on the West Coast of Italy Fought Each Other for the Possession of the Western Mediterranean and Carthage Was Destroyed 88
23. How Rome Happened 105
24. How the Republic of Rome, After Centuries of Unrest and Revolution, Became an Empire 109
25. The Story of Joshua of Nazareth, Whom the Greeks Called Jesus 119
26. The Twilight of Rome 124
27. How Rome Became the Centre of the Christian World 131
28. Ahmed, the Camel Driver, Who Became the Prophet of the Arabian Desert, and Whose Followers Almost Conquered the Entire Known World for the Greater Glory of Allah, the “Only True God” 138
29. How Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, Came to Bear the Title of Emperor and Tried to Revive the Old Ideal of World-Empire 144
30. Why the People of the Tenth Century Prayed the Lord to Protect Them from the Fury of the Norsemen 150
31. How Central Europe, Attacked from Three Sides, Became an Armed Camp and Why Europe Would Have Perished Without Those Professional Soldiers and Administrators Who Were Part of the Feudal System 155
32. Chivalry 159
33. The Strange Double Loyalty of the People of the Middle Ages, and How It Led to Endless Quarrels Between the Popes and the Holy Roman Emperors [xviii]
[xix]

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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