Those words which occur only in the edition of 1557 are marked with an asterisk. The references are to the Chapters and Stanzas; thus, 36/23 means chapter 36, stanza 23. The usual abbreviations are used. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. A.Ad, 36/23, v. imp. add.Addle, 51/6, v. increase in bulk.—T.R. Icel. Ödlask = to gain, earn. "Adylle, adipisci, acquirere—Cath. Anglicum.Adue, 3/8, int. adieu, farewell.Aduise, 10/41, s. care, notice. "Take aduise of thy rent" = make preparations for paying your rent, by laying by for that purpose.Afoord, 99/4, v. afford.After claps, 49/d, s. pl. disagreeable consequences. Whane thy frende ys thy foo,
He wolle tell alle and more too;
Beware of after clappes!
—MS. Lansd. 762, f. 100.After crop, 18/20, v. extract a second crop from the land.Aile, 35/31, v. affects, is the matter with. A.S. eglan.Aker, 10/14, s. acre.Alexanders, 40/1, s. pl. the horse parsley. "Alexandre, the hearb great parsley, Alexanders or Alisaunders."—Cotgrave. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 609.All in all, 4/2, the principal point.Alley, 15/35, s. paths, walk.Allow, 33/30; Alow, 15/32, v. pr. t. recommend, approve of. O. Fr. alouer, from Lat. laudare.Aloft, 33/56, adv. up.Alowe, 115/2, adv. low down, deep; cf. 114/23. Cf. "Why somme be alowe and somme alofte."—P. Plowman, B. Text, xii. 222.Ambling, 95/2, adj. trotting, cantering.Amends, 10/58, s. reparation, amendment.Amisse, 89/13, adv. amiss, wrong.Amitie, 9/18, s. friendship.Andrew, 48/19, St. Andrew's Day, 30th November.Among, 1/5, adv. at times; 27/4, euer among = constantly, always.Anker, 13/5, s. anchor.Annis, 45/1, s. anise. Lat. anisum.Anoieng, 48/11, v. injuring, damaging. O. Fr. anoier, from Lat. nocere.Anue, 10/37, adv. anew, again.Aperne, 17/4, s. an apron. Fr. naperon, a large cloth, from Lat. nappa. O. Fr. appronaire = a woman's apron; appronier = a blacksmith's apron. "Barmeclothe or naprun."—Prompt. Parv.Aqua composita, 91/1, see note E459.Araid, 48/22, pp. kept in order, regulated. O. Fr. arraier. A.S. gerÆdan = to get ready.Arbor, 35/45, s. an arbour. O. Fr. herbier.Armer, 2/4, s. help, assistance.Arse, 51/4, s. buttocks, hind part. A.S. ears, Ærs.As, 57/47, which.Assaie, 1/4, s. trial. O. Fr. assai.Asunder, 17/11, v. break asunder or in pieces.Atchiue, 69/1, v. finish, complete. O. Fr. achiever.Athit, 16/6, adj. (?), "ill-breeders."—Mavor. Ill-conditioned.—Wright's Prov. Dict.A too, 17/9, adv. in two, asunder.Attainted, 75/8, pp. tainted; the expression "touched" is also in use. O. Fr. attaint, from Lat. attingere.Attonement, 106/11, s. atonement.Auke, 62/13, adj. unlucky (lit. backward, inverted, confused). "Awke or wronge, sinister—Prompt. Parv.Aumbrie, 75/2, s. cupboard, pantry. See Prompt. Parv. s.v. Awmebry. L. Lat. almonarium. See also Wedgwood, s.v. Ambry.Auailes, p. 2, v. pr. t. is useful or profitable.Auens, 39/1, s. herb bennet—geum urbanum. Welsh afans. The roots gathered in the spring and put into ale give it a pleasant flavour.Auise Avouse, 55/4, "is French jargon for assure yourself, take care."—Mavor.Auouch, 10/12, v. own, acknowledge. "I'll avouch it to his head."
—Shak. Mids. Night's Dream, i. 1.Awe, 56/2, s. August.Ayer, 16/20, s. air. B.Baggage, 21/21, s. foul stuff, perhaps from Fr. bagasse.Baggedglie tit, 16/6, worthless beasts, baggagely.Baies, 81/2, s. pl. chidings, reproof. Halliwell has this word, misspelt baics, as from Hunter's additions to Boucher.Bailie, 10/18, s. bailiff, steward. Lat. bajulus. Fr. bailli.Baiting, 85/2, feeding, eating.Balke, 63/2, s. "What is in some places called a mier bank, being narrow slips of land between ground and ground."—T.R. A.S. balc. Welsh valc, a strip of land. "A balke or banke of earth ranged or standing up betweene two furrowes."—Baret's Alvearie. Halliwell, s.v. Balk, refers to this passage and explains Balke as a piece of timber.Ball, 95/2, s. a common name for a horse. In the Prompt. it is applied to a sheep, and in the Privy Purse expenses of Henry VIII. p. 43, to a dog.Band, 56/17, s. bands or ropes of straw.Bandes, 9/24, s. bonds, engagements.Bandog, 10/19, s. a dog always tied up on account of his fierceness; according to Bewick a species of mastiff crossed with a bull-dog. Dutch band-hond.Bane, 81/6, s. poison.Bane, 46/23, s. ruin. A.S. bana. O. Icel. bani.Banish, 9/29, v. free, clear.Banket, 28/3, v. pr. t. feast, banquet.Barberies, 34/3, s. barberry; berberis vulgaris, Linn.Barberlie, 51/4, adv. like a barber.Bare, 74/6, adj. uncouer your bare = strip the clothes off and whip you.Barelie, 63/23, s. barley.Bargaine, 16/3, s. contract, agreement.Barth, 33/26, s. shelter. "Barth, ground floor, floor."—Spurrell's Welsh Dict. "A warm place or pasture for calves or lambs.—Ray. "A place near the farm-house well-sheltered."—T.R.Bartilmewtide, 57/47, St. Bartholomew's Day, 24th August.Bassel, 42/1, Bazell, 50/34, s. basil, much used in cookery, especially in France. Ocymum basilicum.—Gerard's Herball. So called probably from its being used in some royal (as??????[Greek: basilicon]) medicine or bath.Baulme, 42/2, s. balsam, contracted from Lat. balsamum.Bauen, 57/33, s. light loose faggots. O. Fr. baffe = a faggot. "Baven, the smaller trees whose sole use is for the fire."—Skinner.Bayted, 64*/7, pp. baited.Beare off, 17/2, v. ward off, keep off.Beare out, 16/10, v. keep off, protect from.Beares, 20/1, v. pr. t. provides, furnishes. *Bease, 57, s. pl. beasts, cows.Beastlie, 20/2, adj. stupid, careless.Beath, 23/9, v. to place before the fire, to straighten by heating.Beck, 46/28, s. beak. *Beclip, 30, v. anticipate, surprise.Bedstraw, 19/40, s. clean straw.Beene, 51/22, s. property, wealth. Fr. bien.Beere, 96/84, s. bier.Beetle, 22/1, s. a wooden club or mallet, its head hooped with iron, and studded all over with nails, used for splitting wood.Beggerie, 10/40, s. beggary, poverty.Begilde, 57/27, Beguilde, 10/56, pp. cheated, disappointed.Begon, 99/5, pp. begun.Behoouing, 2/5, adj. belonging, proper to.Bellifull, 46/27, s. sufficiency, satisfaction.Bent, 113/3, pp. inclined, disposed.Beshreawd, 102/7, pp. ruined, cursed. Connected with the shrew mouse, to which deadly qualities were at one time attributed.Bestad, 114/23, pp. circumstanced, situated.Bestowe, 16/34, v. imp. place, arrange.Betanie, 45/3, s. the plant Betony, Betonica officinalis, Linn.Betwix, 74/2, adv. between. A.S. betwix.Bewraies, 108/4, v. pr. t. betrays.Bex, 37/12, s. pl. beaks. Fr. bec, pl. becs.Biefe, 21/11, s. beef.Big, 33/36, s. teat, pap. A.S. bige, a bosom.—Bailey's Dict. 1735. It also occurs in Gifford's Dialogue on Witches, 1603.Bil, 17/8; Bill, 33/22, s. billhook.Bilde, 95/6, v. build.Billet, 53/12, s. chopped-up wood.Bin, 107/1, pp. been.Blabs, 100/3, s. pl. chatterboxes, talkative persons. "Cacqueteur, babillard, baquenaudier, bavard. A blab, a long tongue: one that telleth whatsoever he heareth."—Nomenclator, 1585.Blade, 19/14, s. blades of grass.Blaze, 108/4, v. spread abroad the report of, blaze abroad. Cf. Spenser, F. Q., I. xi. 7. A.S. blÆsan, to blow.Blenge, 100/3, v. blenge, mix.Blessed thistle, 44/1, s. so called from its supposed power of counteracting the effects of poison; Carduus benedictus.Blew, 43/3, adj. blue.Blindfild, 90/3, adj. blindfold.Blisse, 2/3, v. bless, praise.Block in the fier, 10/57, a block of wood in the fire.Blocks, 17/11, s. pl. blocks of wood, trunks and stumps of trees.Bloodwoort, 39/4, s. bloody-veined dock, Rumex sanguineus.Blouse, 16/37, s. red-faced wife or girl. "A girl or wench whose face looks red by running abroad in the wind and weather is called a blouz, and said to have a blouzing colour. "—Kennett, MS. Lansd. 1033. See also Thoresby's Letter to Ray, E.D. Soc. B. 17.Blowne, 2/10, pp. reported.Bobbed, 114/5, pp. pouting.Boddle, 51/11, s. "a weed like the Mayweed, but bears a large yellow flower."—T.R. From Dutch buidel, a purse, because it bears gools or goldins, gold coins, Dutch gulden, a punning allusion to its yellow flowers.Boies, 57/34, s. pl. boys.Bold, 2/9, v. pt. t. embolden, encourage.Bold, 63/22, adj. proud.Boll, 83/2, s. washing-bowl, tub.Bolted, 67/2, pp. sifted, examined. Bolted-bread = a loaf of sifted wheat meal mixed with rye. See Bolt and Bolting-cloth in Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.Boollesse, 34/4, s. bullace, small tartish plums, black or yellow. Called in Cambridgeshire "Cricksies." "I believe the word to be Celtic: Irish bulos, a prune, Breton polos, a bullace, Gaelic bulaistear, a bullace, a sloe."—Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. "A bullace, frute, pruneolum."—Manip. Vocab.Boone, 62/17, s. request, prayer.Boord, 23/12, s. boards, planks.Boorde, 88/1, s. the table, meals.Bootie, 48/14, s. booty, prey.Borough, 33/7, s. burrows, warren. A.S. beorg, beorh.Botch, 74/5, v. imp. patch.Botles, 43/3, s. chrysanthemum. "Boyul or bothule, herbe or Cowslope, Vactinia."—Prompt. Parv.Bots, 45/22, s. pl. a disease (worms) troublesome to horses. Gaelic botus, a bott; boiteag, a maggot.Bottle, 21/15, s. the leathern bottle.Bowd, 19/39, s. weevil, Curculio granarius; bowd-eaten = eaten by weevils. "Bowde, malte worme." "Malte bowde or wevyl."—Prompt. Parv.Bowe, 17/13, s. bow.Bows, 36/12, s. pl. boughs, sticks. A.S. bog, boh.Brag, 19/14, s. boast, sham, pretence; 94/16, value, estimation.Braggeth, 62/1, v. pr. t. boasts, brags. Welsh bragiaw. Fr. braguer.Brake, 15/33, s. underwood, ferns, etc. Brakes, "Their light firing in Norfolk, that is wherewith they bake and brew."—T.R.Brall, 77/11, v. quarrelling, scolding.Bralling, 101/4, adj. brawling, quarrelsome.Brank, 19/20, s. Buck-wheat. Polygonum fagopyrum. "Brance, bearded red wheat."—Cotgrave. "Brance" occurs in Pliny's Hist. Nat. xviii. c. 7.Brats, 81/6, s. pl. children.Brauling, 48/15, s. quarrels, contention.Braue, 94/2, adj. fine, grand.Brauerie, 9/12, s. show, boast.Brawne, 31/2, s. brawn, originally the flesh of the wild boar, but used for flesh generally. O. Fr. braon, braion.Brawneth, 16/22, v. pr. t. fatteneth.Breaching, 2/11, s. breaking, breach.Breadcorne, 19/20, s. "leguminous crops."—Wright's Dict.Breaker, 95/2, s. horse-breaker.Breaketh his credit, 10/37, fails to do what he has promised.Breakhedge, 15/36, s. trespassers and others who break down fences, or make gaps in hedges.Breathely, 33/38, adj. worthless. See Halliwell, s.v. Bretheling.Brecke, 16/16, s. breach, gap. A.S. brecan, to break.Breede, 10/31, v. cause, generate.Breeders, 12/2, s. pl. good time for breeding.Breeding, 2/10, s. origin, source.Breers, 114/2, s. pl. briars, thorns, hence troubles and difficulties.Bremble, 36/23, s. bramble, briar.Brest, 11/7, v. nurse.Brest, 114/6, s. voice. See note E495.Breth, 107/4, s. breath.Bribing, 10/27, v. thieving, stealing. I bribe, I pull, I pyll."—Palsgrave. See Mr. Skeat's note to P. Plowman, xxiii. 262.Brineth, 75/8, v. pr. t. cure with brine or salt.Brooketh, 94/10, v. pr. t. endures, allows.Brothell, 10/20, v. riotous, dissipated. See Halliwell, s.v. Brethel.Brows, 33/11, feed on, nibble. O. Fr. brouster from broust, a sprout. "Yode forth abroade unto the greenewood to browze or play."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. May. "Browse, or meat for beastes in snowtyme. Vesca."—Huloet.Brue, 15/33, v. brew. A.S. briwan.Brush, 17/14, s. underwood, brushwood.Brushed cote, 49/b, a beating; cf. "a dusted jacket."Buck, 50/13, s. buckwheat. Dutch boekweit.Buckle, 96/84, v. imp. prepare, get ready; cf. buckle to.Bucks, 74/5, s. pl. a quantity of linen washed at once, a tub-full of linen ready for washing. Bouckfatt, a washing-tub (Unton Inventories, p. 28). Lay your bucks = get your linen ready for washing.Buglas, 39/5, s. bugloss, Lycopsis arvensis, Linn.Buie, 3/8, v.; Buieng, 56/4, buy.Bulchin, 33/36, s. a bull-calf.Bullimong, 19/30, s. a mixture of oats, peas and vetches, or buckwheat. Possibly a corruption of Lat. pulmentum.Burch, 92/4, s. the rod, birch.Burrage, 39/7, s. borage. Borago officinalis. The flowers were supposed to be cordial and excitative of courage, especially if infused in wine; whence the derivation Celtic borr, pride, borrach, a haughty man.Burs, 63/16, s. pl. the burdock. "Bourre, the downe or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbs, fruites, and flowers are covered."—Cotgrave.Bushets, 37/19, s. pl. small shoots from bushes.Busht, 42/1, adj. thick, spreading.Buttrice, 17/4, s. a farrier's tool used in shoeing horses to pare the hoofs.Buttrie, 89/5, s. pantry, cupboard.Buzard, 46/28, s. buzzard.By and bie, 57/15, adv. presently. C.Cabben, 16/23, s. house, sty.Cace, 67/26, s. case, point.Cadow, 46/28, s. jackdaw. "Cadesse, Daw, Jackdaw."—Cotgrave. "Cad-dow, a Jackdaw or Chough, Norfolk."—Bailey's Dict. See note in Prompt. Parv., s.v. Cadaw.Calling, 9/1, s. station in life.Camamel, 42/3, s. Camomile. Lat. chamÆmelum. ?aa????? [Greek: chamaimeilon], earth-apple, from the smell of its flowers.Campe, 22/24, v. to play football. A.S. camp = a contest. See Ray's Glossary, E. D. Soc. p. xvi.Campers, 22/24, s. pl. football players. See note E133.Campions, 43/5, s. Red Lychnis or Campion, Lychnis diurna.Candlemas, page 84, footnote 5, s. 2nd February, so called from the great number of lights used on that day, being the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.Canteth, 94/8, v. pr. t. ? scanteth, i.e. is economical. The edition of 1573 reads franteth, which is a Somerset word meaning to be careful. Canteth, according to Halliwell, means "divides," i.e. does not use up everything at once, but only what is wanted for the time.Canuas, 57/54, s. canvas.Capitaine cheefe, 10/19, head or chief captain.Capon, 31/3, s. a castrated cock.Careles, 35/4, adj. unwilling, not anxious.Carkas, 26/4, s. corpse, body. Fr. carcasse.Carke, 114/15, v. to be anxious. "I carke, I care, I take thought, je chagrine"—Palsgrave. "Waile we the wight whose absence is our carke."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. November. *Carnels, 101, s. pl. seeds of the haw, briar, etc. Cf. ch. 18. st. 48 and 36. 13.Carrege, 56/21, s. carrying home.Carren, 18/36, s. carrion, carcasses, M.E. caroigne. Fr. charogne, from It. carogna, Lat. caronem.Carrenly, 19/36, adj. rotting, putrifying.Cart gap, 56/13, s. the openings for carts to pass from one field to another.Cartwrite, 58/5, s. cartwright.Cast, 10/41, v. to count up, reckon.Cast, 20/3, v. pr. t. to clean the threshed corn by casting it from one side of the barn to the other, that the light grains and dust may fall out. For this purpose is used a skuttle, q.v.Cast, 33/52, v. imp. give over, throw up.Casting, 65/8, adj. that throw up the earth as they burrow through it.Cater, 10/16, s. caterer, provider. "Cater a steward, a manciple, a prouider of Cates."—Baret's Alvearie. "Cates, dainty provisions."—Bailey's Eng. Dict. 1737.Cawme, 56/15, adj. calm, settled.Challenge, 72/1, v. claim. O. Fr. chalenger.Champion (title), s. plain open country. Fr. champagne, from Lat. campania, from campus = a field. "Worstershire, Bedfordshire, and many other well-mixt soiles, where the Champaigne and couert are of equall largeness."—G. Markham, Husbandman's Recreations, c. i.Champions, 16/2, s. pl. inhabitants of counties where lands are open and unenclosed.Chancing, 9/30, v. happening, falling out.Chapman, 19/27, s. bargainer, dealer. A.S. ceapman.Charge, 84/2, s. trouble, expense. Compare All's Well that Ends Well, ii. 3, 121: "She had her breeding at my father's charge."Charged, 10/8, pp. burdened, busy, anxious.Charges, 23/6, s. pl. works, troubles.Charuiel, 45/4, s. the plant Chervil. ChÆrophyllum temulentum, Linn. Whence A.S. cÆrfille, Fr. cerfeuil.Chaunting, 16/31, v. crying, yelling.Cheanie, 2/6, Jeanie, Jennie.Cheere, 22/28, v. enjoy oneself.Cheere, 57/26, s. enjoyment, merriment.Chees, 48/20, s. cheese. Lat. caseus; whence O. H. Ger. chasi, A.S. cÊse.Chein, 17/10, s. chain.Cherie, 33/58, s. cherry. Lat. cerasus; whence A.S. cirse, Fr. cerise.Chikins, 38/33, s. pl. chickens, young fowls.Chinke, 46/27, s. money. A word formed from the sound of coin jingling together.Chip, 57/32, s. wood-choppings.Chippings, 86/3, s. pl. fragments of bread. "Chapplis, bread-chippings."—Cotgrave.Choised, 57/34, pp. selected, chosen. Fr. choix, choice.Chopping, 57/40, s. exchange, barter. "Choppe and chaunge, mercor."—Huloet. A.S. ceapan.Churle, 10/50, s. an ill-bred, disagreeable person. A.S. ceorl, a freeman of the lowest rank.Cinqfile, 45/5, s. cinquefoil. Potentilla, Linn.Clap, 10/22, s. blow, stroke; "at a clap" = at once.Clapper, 36/25, s. a rabbit burrow or warren. "Cony hole or clapar"—Palsgrave. "A clapper for conies, i.e. a heap of stones, earth, with boughes or such like wherinto they may retire themselves."—Minsheu. Fr. clapier. L. Lat. clapa.Clarie, 39/9, s. meadow sage. Salvia pratensis.Clauestock, 17/20, s. a chopper for splitting wood.Cleerely, 16/25, adj. clear.Clicket, 77/9, v. chatter. "If I disturb you with my clicketten, tell me so, David, and I won't."—C. Dickens in David Copperfield. "A tatling huswife, whose clicket is ever wagging."—Cotgrave.Clim, 56/23, s. ? Clement.Clime, 57/30, v. climb. A.S. climban.Clod, 114/37, s. earth, hence = landed property.Clog, 89/1, s. charge, duty.Closet, 14/3, s. retirement, seclusion.Closeth, 62/5, v. pr. t. incloses, fences in.Closier, page 2, s. enclosures. Fr. closure.Clot, 33/24, s. clods. A.S. clÛd. "Clodde or clotte lande, occo."—Huloet. *Cloughted, 89, pp. See Clouted.Clout, 67/16, s. piece of cloth. A.S. clÛt, a little cloth. Mid. Eng. clout, clutian, clutien, to patch.Clouts, Cloutes, 17/10, s. an instrument similar to the plowstaff, shod with iron and used for breaking large clods, etc.Clouted, 17/6, pp. "having the Axle-tree armed with Iron plates."—T.R. O. Fr. clouet, dimin. of clou, a nail, from Lat. clavus. See Nares, s.v. Clout.Coast, 63/7, s. country, district. O. Fr. coste, from Lat. costa, a rib, side.Coast man, 36/22, s. masters of coasting vessels.Cobble, 74/5, v. imp. patch, mend.Cock, 53/4, v. imp. put into cocks, or small stacks.Cocking, 95/5, adj. over-indulgent.Cockle, 46/13, s. the weed corn-rose, Agrostemma githago, Linn. Cockle or Cokyl is used by Wycliffe and other old writers in the sense of a weed generally.Cockneies, 92/4, s. pl. spoilt or effeminate boys. See note E460, and Halliwell, s.v. Cockney.Cocks, 57/16, s. pl. small conical heaps of hay or corn.Codware, 19/26, s. all plants that bear pods (or cods); peas, beans, etc. "Pescodde, escosse de poix."—Palsgrave. A S. codd. Welsh, cod, cwd, a small bag.Coeme, Coome, 17/7, s. a measure of half a quartern. A.S. cumb.—Somner. "There is no such word in A.S. as cumb; it is one invented by Somner, so that the (so-called) A.S. cumb is really derived from Eng. coomb"—Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat.Cofer up, 10/61, v. to hoard up, lock up.Cofers, 16/4, s. pl. money-boxes.Cog, 63/14, v. cheat, defraud. "Cog a dye, to load a die."—Cotgrave. "A cogger, un pipeur. To cogge, piper"—The French Schoolemaster, 1636.Coile, 4/1, s. bustle, hard work; cf. Fr. cuellÉe, a mob, tumult.Cold, 91/2, adj. cooling.Cole, 57/31, s. turf, peat.Colewort, 39/10, s. or collet, cabbage. Brassica oleracea, Linn.Collembines, 43/4, s. pl. columbine. Lat. columbina, adj. from columba, a pigeon, from the resemblance of its nectaries to the heads of pigeons in a ring round a dish, a favourite device of ancient artists.—Dr. R. A. Prior.Comfort, 19/19, s. strength, fertility.Commodities, 37/17, s. pl. advantages.Compact, 112/1, pp. composed. Lat. compactus, from compango. "Love is a spirit all compact of fire."—Venus and Adonis, 149.Compas, 47/3, s. manure, compost. O. Fr. compost, from Lat. compositum.Compassing, 56/1, s. manuring. *Compast, 11, pp. manured. *Compound, 11, v. imp. agree, arrange.Confer, page 2, v. compare. Lat. conferre.Confound, 67/27, v. destroy, spoil.Conie, 15/20, s. a term of endearment.Conies, 63/10, s. pl. rabbits. Welsh cwning. Irish coinni. Lat. cuniculus, cognate with Lat. cuneus (what cleaves, a wedge), and comes from the Sanskrit root khan = to dig.—Palmer.Conserue, 91/3, preserve.Constancie, 9/23, s. consistency, firmness.Conster, 114/34, v. understand.Contemne, 106/7, v. pr. t. despise. Lat. contemnere.Continue, 19/35, v. to breed from, to keep up stock from.Contrarie, 67/25, v. imp. oppose, contradict.Cooples, 10/6, s. couples, husband and wife.Coosen, 63/14, v. cheat, swindle. Shakespere's cozen.Copie, 47/8, s. coppice.Coresie, 19/24, s. annoyance, trouble.Cornet plums, 34/7, s. cornel plums, cornel cherries.Corneth, 75/8, v. pr. t. preserve and season, cure.Corps, 53/1, s. body.Cost, 32/5, s. coast, country. See Coast.Costmarie, 42/4, s. costmary, called also ale-cost, Balsamita vulgaris.Cote, 58/11, v. cogitate, reflect.Coted, 2/8, v. pt. t. took note of, wrote down. "Howe scripture shulde be coted (quoted)."—Skelton, Colin Clout, l. 758.Count, 10/21, v. reckon, "be to counte" = be of account, be worth.Counterfait, 64/29, adj. counterfeit, sham, false.Coursest, 55/4, adj. coarsest.Court, 86/10, s. account, examination.Cousleps, 42/5, s. pl. cowslips.Couert, 63/5, covert, underwood.Couertlie, 9/5, adv. closely.Cowlaske, page 4, s. diarrhoea in cattle. See Fletcher's Differences, 1623, p. 33. Laske, v. = to relax, slacken. See Glossary to "William of Palerne," E. E. Text Soc. edit. Skeat.Coxcombe, 64/18; Coxcome, 10/48, s. The cap of the licensed fool had often on the top a cock's head and comb and some of the feathers. Therefore he "strives for a coxcome" = he will only succeed in proving his own folly.Crabs, 15/17, s. pl. crab apples.Cracketh, 10/37, v. pr. t. half breaks, injures.Cradle, 17/14, s. "A three-forked instrument of wood, on which the corn is caught as it falls from the sithe."—T.R.Crake, 18/21, v. brag, boast. Dutch kraaken.Crakers, 54/4, s. pl. boasters.Cram, 114/15, v. feed up, satisfy.Creake, 47/2, "to cry creak" = "to be afraid," "to desist from any object, to repent."—Halliwell.Credit crackt, 4/1, credit or trust broken.Creekes, 49/4, s. pl. corners, seek creekes = hide herself.Creekes, 38/26, s. pl. servants.Creepinglie, 9/32, adv. stealthily, by degrees.Cresies, 40/5, s. cress. Fr. cresson. M. Lat. crissomum from Lat. crescere, to grow, "a celeritate crescendi."Crome, 17/19, s. "Like a dung-rake with a very long handle."—T.R.Crone, 56/46, v. imp. pick out the crones, i.e. the old ewes. The meaning is, weed out your flocks.Crones, 12/4, s. pl. "Ewes, whose teeth are so worn down that they can no longer keep their sheep-walk."—T.R.Crooked, 57/46, adj. deformed.Croppers, 18/19, s. the best or most productive crops.Croppers, 19/20, s. pl. persons who extract crop after crop from the land.Crosse, 46/9, s. a cross-piece.Crosse, 9/29, v. happen, result unfavourably.Crosses, 9/29, s. troubles, misfortunes.Crosserowe, page 3, s. called also Christcrossrow; the alphabet. "A is the name of the first letter in the Crosrowe."—Baret's Alvearie.Crotch, 51/10, s. "a curved weeding tool."—T.R.Crotches, 60/11, s. pl. crutches. A.S. cryce. L. Lat. croccia, crucca. H. Ger. krÜcke.Crotchis, 57/51, s. pl. crooks, hooks. O. Fr. croche.Crowchmas, 50/36, s. St. Helen's Day, 3rd May, being the feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross.Crowe, 46/9, s. crowbar.Cubboord, 89/5, s. cupboard.Culters, 17/10, s. pl. coulters.Cumbersome, 10/13, adj. troublesome, vexatious, oppressive.Cummin, 45/6, s. cumin, a plant resembling fennel, cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish warm taste, and are used like those of anise and carraway. Arabic kammÛn. Hebrew kammÔn.Cunnie, 36/25, s. rabbit.Currant, 10/44, adj. current coin, good coin.Currey, 64*/2, v. gain by flattery. On the origin of this phrase see "Leaves from a Word-Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, p. 63.Custome, 77/1, s. custom, habit; of custome = as a matter of course.Curtesie, 9/8, s. courtesy, respect. D. *Dablith, 27, v. pr. t. make wet and dirty.Dads, 95/5, s. pl. fathers.Daffadondillies, 43/7, s. pl. daffodils. Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Linn.Daieth, 62/8, v. pr. t. names some future day for payment, i.e. buys on credit. "The moste part of my debtters have honestly payed,
And they that were not redy I have gently dayed."
—Wager's Cruell Debter, 1566. *Dainty, 94, adj. difficult, lit. choice, excellent.Dallops, 54/5, s. pl. "A patch or bit of ground lying here and there among the corn."—T.R. 57/17, "Tufts of corn such as are commonly seen where dung-heaps have stood too long, or in shady places."—T.R.Damsens, 34/8, s. pl. damsons, contracted from damascene = the Damascus plum.Dank, 22/11, adj. damp, wet.Dare, 2/7, v. pain, grieve. A.S. daru, hurt.Darnell, 65/1, s. darnel, the plant Lolium perenne. "Darnell or Iuraye in Englishe also called Raye."—Dodoens, Newe Herball, 1578.Darth, 63/24, s. dearth, dearness of food, etc. *Daunger, 90/8, risk.Daw, 99/2, s. simpleton, sluggard.Day, 57/8, s. day-work, time-work.Dead, 78/4, adj. flat (beer). Cf. "Pallyd, as drynke, emortuus."—Prompt. Parv.Deaw, 56/48, s. dew, damp.Deckt, 106/2, pp. adorned, beautified.Defende, 86/7, v. avoid, prevent.Deintily, 19/37, adv. dearly.Delaide, 66/7, pp. tempered, moderated.Delue, 21/19, v. imp. dig. A.S. delf, delfan = to dig, from Goth. dailjan = to deal, divide. Cf. Ger. thal, Eng. dale.Deluing, 36/17, pr. p. burrowing.Depart, 10/56, v. imp. give away, part with.Descant, 68/5, v. comment. O. Fr. deschanter, from L. Lat. discantare.Despaire, 57/10; Dispaire, 63/9, s. injury, damage.Despight, 106/12, s. despite.Det, 114/38, s. debt.Detanie, 45/8, s. Dittany or Pepperwurt, apparently a corruption of Lat. dictamnus, of which Dodoens says:—"It is fondly and unlearnedly called in English Dittany. It were better in following the Douchemen to call it Pepperwurt."—Book v. c. 66. Welsh Ddittain.Dew-retting, 16/25, s. steeping flax by leaving it out all night on the grass. See Water-retting.Diall, 68/7, s. sundial.Dible, 46/24, s. a planting or setting stick, a dimin. of dib = dip and allied to tip = a sharp point. "Debbyll, or settyng stycke."—Huloet.Dicing, 10/40, s. gambling.Didall, 17/19, s. "A triangular spade, as sharp as a knife, excellent to bank ditches, where the earth is light and pestered with a sedgy weed."—T.R.Dide, 114/11, v. pt. t. died.Digest, 11/4, v. quiet, sooth.Dight, 23/19, pp. prepared, treated. A.S. dihtan.Dike, 3/7, s. ditch, dike, fence. A.S. dÍc.Dill, 44/3, s. dill. A.S. dil. Antheum graveolens.Dippings, 86/3, s. pl. dripping, grease, etc., collected by the cook.Discharge, 53/3, v. relieve you of the trouble.Discurtesy, 9/19, s. incivility, rudeness.Dispaire, 57/53, v. injure, depreciate.Dissurie, 114/26, s. the strangury.Distaffe, 67/15, s. distaff.Docking the dell, 10/40, dissipation. See Grose's Dict. s.v. Dock.Docks, 17/11, s. pl. weeds. *Dockes, 27, s. pl. ?Dole, 33/16, s. share.Doles, 48/6, s. pl. boundary marks, either a post or a mound of earth; also, a balk or slip of unploughed ground.Dolt, 33/37, s. stupid, fool.Don, 106/21, pp. done.Doo of, 33/39, v. imp. get rid of.Doong, 19/29, s. dung, manure.Doong Crone, 17/7, s. a crook or staff with hooked end for drawing dung.Doonged, 53/21, pp. dunged, manured.Doted, 2/8, v. pt. t. became foolish, was silly. Fr. dotter, radoter, to dote, rave.—Cotgrave. Cf. Piers Plowman, "Thou doted daffe."Doughtful, 115/3, adj. doubtful.Douse, 10/7, s. strumpet, prostitute; the same word as Doxy. Halliwell, s.v. Douce, quotes this passage, and renders douse by "a pat in the face," but s.v. Dowse he gives the correct meaning.Dout, 87/7, s. danger, risk, difficulty.Doues, 56/24, s. pl. doves, pigeons.Dowebake, 79/2, s. dough, underbaked bread.Drab, 77/5, s. sloven, loose woman.Dragons, 45/7, s. the herb Serpentine, Serpentarie, or Dragonwort.Dredge, 16/13, s. a mixture of oats and barley. "Dragge, menglyd corne (drage or mestlyon), mixtio."—Prompt. Parv. See Note E91.Drest, 49/8, pp. treated.Dreue, 35/42, Driue, 33/42, v. follow you up, press you.Dreuils, 114/12, Driuell, 79/1, s. wasters, spendthrifts.Drift, 10/13, s. end, aim, design, 114/39, course, such drift to make = to drift along in such a manner.Drines, 53/20, s. dryness.Drinke corn, 18/24, s. barley.Driping, 35/14, v. dripping on, keeping wet.Driue, 16/20, v. drive out of their hives for the purpose of taking the honey.Droie, 81/3, s. a drudge, servant. See note in Prompt. Parv. s.v. Deye.Drousie, 89/4, adj. the drowsy, the sleepy.Drout, 14/3, s. drought, dry weather.Drowseth, 62/13, v. pr. t. droops, gives way.Drudge, 7/1, s. slave, mean servant.Duck, 55/6, s. docks, dockweed.Dun, 82/2, pp. finished, done for.Dy, 35/24, s. a die, as close as a dy = as close as possible. E.Earthes, 35/50, s. pl. a ploughing. A.S. earian. Lat. arare, to plough. In the Catholicon Anglicum we find "A dayserth or daysardawe, juger, jugerum." See also Ray and Halliwell, s.v. Arders.Easeth, 94/9, v. pr. t. indulges, pleases.Eaw, 67/24, s. ewe.Eb, 14/5, s. ebb. A.S. ebba.Ech, 57/23, adj. each.Edder, 33/13, s. "Such fence wood as is commonly put upon the top of Fences and binds or interweaves each other."—T.R.Edish, 18/4, s. stubble after the corn is cut. Roughings. Edisc is an old Saxon word signifying sometimes roughings, aftermathes. See Glossaries, B 15, B 16, E. D. Soc.Edmond, St., 20/12, St. Edmund's Day, 20th November.Eie, 57/9, s. eye, attention.Eiebright, 44/5, s. common eyebright, Euphrasia officinalis, formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye.Eies, 114/4, s. pl. eyes.Eke, 66/6, adv. also, too, A.S. eac, ec.Elfe, 114/14, s. creature; 86/11, a servant.Elues, 22/3, s. pl. young cattle.Embraid, 113/7, v. imp. upbraid, abuse.Embrings, 12/6, s. pl. the Ember-days, being the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, the feast of Whitsuntide, the 14th September, and the 13th December.Endiue, 91/2, s. endive.Enuite, 16/32, v. invite, call.Er, 56/21, adv. ere, before. Er an = ere than = before that.Erecting, 1/1, pr. p. sustaining, strengthening.Erie, 57/11; Ery, 18/17, adj. every.Estate, 10/3, s. condition, position.Etch, 36/3, s. stubble, edish, q.v.Exceptions, 19/25, s. pl. differences, distinctions.Exeltred, 17/6, adj. furnished with an axle-tree.Expulsed, 1/4, v. pt. t. expelled, drove away.Extolst, 112/6, v. pr. t. praise, extol.Ey, 99/2, s. attention, forgetting his eye = neglecting his duty by staring or gaping about. See Eie. F.Fall, 35/32, v. pr. t. are born.Falleth, 20/1, v. pr. t. falls off, loses flesh.Falt, 35/43, s. fault.Fansies, 2/13, s. fancies, whims.Fare, 2/5, s. treatment.Fare, 33/33, v. farrow, litter.Fare, 10/32, v. prosper, fare. A.S. faran.Farnesse, 14/4, s. distance, length.Fasting daie, 10/51, s. a day on which it was forbidden to eat food of any description.Fat, 18/34, adj. fattened beasts.Fat, 57/54, s. vat, vessel.Fats up, 15/28, v. pr. t. fattens up.Fautie, 99/2, adj. faulty.Fauoreth, 52/24, v. pr. t. help, improve.Fay, 77/4, s. faith, word. O. Fr. fei.Feaw, 56/48, adj. few, a few.Feawe, 50/1, adj. little time, while. A.S. feawe, few.Fees, 33/12, s. pl. pay, reward.Feft, 114/33, pp. enfeoffed, endowed.Fellowes, 57/9, s. pl. companions, mates. O. Icel. fÉlagi, a companion.Fellowlie, 10/55, adj. friendly, neighbourly. Cf. "Mine eyes ...
Fall fellowly drops."
—Tempest, Act v. sc. i. 64. See also Abbot's Shaksperean Grammar, § 447.Fence, 63/2, s. defence, protection.Fenell, 39/13, s. fennel. Foeniculum vulgare.Fennie, 35/44, adj. mouldy, vinewed. "Moisi; mouldy, hoary, vinowed."—Cotgrave.Ferme, 10/13, s. farm.Fermer, 19/18, s. farmer.Fetches, 64/2, s. pl. tricks, stratagems. Harrison, Descript. of Eng., has: "it be a vertue to deal without anie suspicious fetches," p. 115, ed. 1587.Fetherfew, 43/9, s. feverfew. So named from its supposed febrifugal qualities. A.S. feferfuge.Fetters, 17/21, s. pl. chains for the feet.Fewell, 50/30, s. fuel. O. Fr. fouaille, from L. Lat. focale, from Lat. focus, a hearth.Fide, 21/21, pp. purified, cleansed.Fie, 20/21, v. cleanse. Icel. fÆgja. Cf. Ger. fegen.Fieing, 53/18, v. cleaning out. Feying, "Cleaning a Ditch or Pond, so as the water may come clear."—T.R. See Fie.Fiemble, 55/8, adj. a corruption of female, the female hemp. *Fierbote, 65, s. the right to take wood for burning. See Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham, E.D.S.Filbeards, 34/9, s. pl. filberts. Various derivations have been given for this word: one, the most probable, from full and beard, referring to the long beard or husk with which it is provided: cf. Ger. bart-nusz = bearded nut.Filbellie, 10/40, s. extravagance in food.Filchers, 10/54, s. pl. pilferers. Scot. pilk = to pick. "She has pilkit his pouch."—Jamieson.Filcheth, 63/13, v. pr. t. steals, pilfers. *Fildes, 38, s. pl. fields.Fisgig, 77/8, s. a worthless fellow: a light-heeled wench.—Craven. "A fisgig, or fisking housewife, trotiÈre."—Howell, 1660. Still in use in Lincolnshire.Fishdaie, 10/51, s. a day in which fish is allowed to be eaten, but no flesh.Fitchis, 53/11, s. pl. tares, vetches.Fitly, 92/3, adj. suitable, fit.Flacks, 50/16, s. flax. A.S. fleax. O. H. Ger. flaks.Flaies, 18/3 s. pl. flails.Flap, 85/7, s. a stroke with the flail.Flawnes, 90/5, s. pl. "A custard, generally made in raised paste. Fr. flan, a custard or egg-pie." "A flawne or custard."—Baret's Alvearie, 1580.Fleering, 64/17, v. pr. p. laughing, grinning. "To fleer and scorn at our solemnity."—Shakspere, Rom. and Jul. i. 5. "I fleere, I make an yvell countenaunce with the mouthe by vncoveryng of the tethe."—Palsgrave.Fleming, 37/22, Flemming, 18/37, s. Dutchmen, Dutch coasting traders.Flixe, 18/41, s. a flux.Floted, 49/1, v. pt. t. skimmed off the cream. "Flet, as mylke or other lyke, despumatus."—Prompt. Parv. "EscrÉme, fleeted as milk."—Cotgrave. *Flotte, 72/e, pp. skimmed.Flower, 52/14, s. ? floor.Flower armor, 43/10, s. The "floure gentill or purple velvet floure."—Lyte's Dodoens, p. 168. Fr. Floramor, in Cotgrave la noble fleur, from its resemblance to the plumes worn by people of rank. Amaranthus tricolor.Flower gentle, 43/12, s. a species of Amaranth. Amaranthus spinosa.Flower de luce, 43/11, s. Iris, or flower-de-luce. Fr. fleur-de-lis. A plant of the genus Iris, in particular Iris pseudacorus, the yellow Iris or water flag.Foison, 35/4; Foizon, 114/37, s. plenty. "Foyzon is winter food."—T.R. Fr. foison, from Lat. fusionem, from fundere. Cotgrave gives "Foison: f. store, plentie, abundance, great fullnesse, enough." The word still exists in the Scotch foison or fusion, and the adj. fusionless or fissenless. Forby explains it as "Succulency, natural nutritive moisture," as e.g. "there is no foison in this hay."Foistines, 57/5; Foistnes, 21/5; Foystines, 20/5, s. mustiness, mould. O. Fr. fust, a cask, fustÉ, tasting or smelling of the cask, musty.Foisty, 19/39, adj. musty.Fondlie, 10/26; Fondly, 67/9, adv. foolishly. Fon = to play the fool. Jamieson, Scott. Dict.For, 9/9, prep. in spite of, regardless of.For, 9/18. Here and in numerous instances in Tusser for means "for fear of," "to prevent."Forbearer, 13/3, s. one who refuses.Forborne, 13/2, pp. withheld, refused. *Forehorse, 94, s. one who is always in advance with his work, never behindhand; the opposite to a procrastinator.Forke, 22/9, s. pitchfork, hayfork. *Fornight, 51, s. a fortnight.Forrough, 16/15, s. furrow. A.S. furh.Foyson, 10/6, s. plenty. See Foison.Fough, 102/5, interject, faugh! phew! an exclamation.Fraid, 2/8, v. pt. t. frightened, made afraid.Fraie, 53/22, s. quarrel, fray.Fraight, 114/24, s. freight, cargo.Frailnes, 10/62, s. frailty, uncertainty.Frame, 57/1, v. make.Framed, 2/15, pp. arranged, composed.Fransie, 88/4, s. madness.Fraud, 62/15, v. obtain by fraud.Fraught, 64/5, pp. laden, freighted.Fray, 77/4, s. disturbance, trouble.Freat, 23/2, v. imp. be vexed.Freat, 51/11, v. damage, decay, eat away. "As doth an hidden moth
The inner garment fret."
—Spenser, Faery Queene, ii. 34. See Wedgwood's Dict. s.v. Fret.Freeseth, 35/1, v. pr. t. freezes. A.S. freosan. O. Icel. friosa. Dan. fryse.Frier, 86/14, s. friar.Fritters, 90/3 s. pl. small pancakes with apples in them. "Frytoure, lagana (a pancake)."—Prompt. Parv. "A fritter or pancake; a kind of bread for children, as fritters and wafers."—Baret's Alvearie, 1580.Froth, 35/3, adj. tender, perhaps originally = pulpy.Frower, 17/8, s. a frow, an iron instrument for rending or splitting laths. Also called Frommard.Fumetorie, 44/7; Fumentorie, 91/3, s. Fumitory. Fumaria officinalis, so called from its rank disagreeable smell: formerly used as an anti-scorbutic: it is called erthesmok [earthsmoke] in MS. Sloane 5, f. 5.Furmentie pot, 90/7, s. hulled wheat boiled in milk, and seasoned with cinnamon, sugar, etc. See note E458. G.Gadding, 10/51, v. going about gossipping.Gaffe, 22/18, v. man, gaffer. "Formerly a common mode of address, equivalent to friend, neighbour."—Halliwell.Gage, 94/13, s. pawn, sweepeth to gage = hurries to pledge or place in pawn. *Gage, 53, v. assert, maintain.Galling, 57/31, v. causing sore or bare places.Gallond, 19/42, s. gallon.Gap, 114/20, s. an opening, cause.Gaping, 57/45, pr. p. being greedy, grasping.Garlike, 21/12, s. garlic.Garmander, 42/8, s. germander. Fr. gamandrÉe, from Lat. chamÆdrys. Garson, 33/41, s. boy, lad. Fr. garÇon.Gasing, 99/1, pr. p. gazing, staring.Gate, 64/17, s. walk, gait.Gayler, 86/11, s. guardian, housekeeper.Geanie, 2/6, adj. profitable, useful. A.S. gÆgn, fit, suitable. Robert de Brunne in his History of England, 3376, has, "a geiner way" = a more direct advantageous way. Scot. gane, fit, useful. Lanc. gainest way = the shortest cut.Geld, 15/17, s. castrate, spay. *Gentiles, 17, s. pl. gentle-folk.Gentilie, 9/14, adv. kindly, with proper respect.Gentils, 49/c, s. pl. gentles, maggots.Gentlenes, 102/7, s. gentlemanly manners.Gently, 102/7, adv. as gentlemen, in a gentlemanly manner.Gentrie, 114/33, s. true nobility.Gesse, 114/1, v. imp. guess, believe.Gest, 4/2, s. a guest. A.S. gest.Get, 9/5, v. earn.Gettings, 9/5, s. earnings.Giddie braine, 10/23, adj. giddy, unsteady.Giles, 114/18, s. pl. traps, deceits.Gillet, 50/30, s. lad. Gael, gille, giolla, a lad. Halliwell gives "an instrument for thatching" as the meaning in this passage, but why, I do not know.Gillian spendal, 23/18, wasteful, careless housekeeper.Giloflowers, 15/42, s. pl. carnations, pinks. Fr. giroflÉe, from Lat. caryophyllus, a clove, from the clove-like smell of the flowers.—Wedgwood.Gin, 10/19, s. trap.Ginnes, 106/22, s. pl. means, contrivances.Ginnie, 90/5, Jenny.Ginny, 33/38, s. a name for a filly. Mavor reads Jilly.Gise, 97/4, s. fashion, way.Gloues, 57/9, s. pl. gloves.God night, 18/49. A phrase equivalent to "it is all over," "it is too late."Goef, 55/4, s. the stack or rick.Goeler, 46/4, adj. "The Goeler is the yellower, which are the best setts, old roots (of hops) being red."—T.R. A.S. geolewe.Gofe, 56/20, s. rick, stack. In Addit. MS. 1295, a Lat. Eng. Vocab. written in Norfolk in the 15th century, occur "Gelimo, to golue, Ingelimum, golfe." Palsgrave gives "a goulfe of corne."Gofe ladder, 17/1, s. a ladder for hay ricks.Gole, 115/3, s. goal, prize.Goom, 33/59, s. gum.Goordes, 41/5, s. pl. gourds. Lat. cucurbita.Gossep, 94/7, s. gossips, companions.Got, 114/16, pp. caught.Gotten, 10/4, pp. earned, acquired.Gould, 3/3, s. gold, money.Goue, 57/10, pp. laid up in the barn in the straw. Another form of Goaf. "Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye betwene two postes."—Palsgrave. Dan. gulve = to lay corn sheaves on the floor, from Dan. gulv, a floor.Gouing, 57/23, v. laying up in the barn in the straw. See Goue.Graffing, 46/10, s. grafting. O. Fr. grafe, from Lat. graphium, a pencil, from the resemblance of the graft to a pointed pencil.Grassebeefe, 12/4, s. beef of an ox fattened upon grass.Grate, 10/29, s. prison (grating).Greaseth, 68/2, v. pr. t. bribes, enriches.Great, 57/8, by great = task or piece-work, in contradistinction to day-work.Greedie gainfull, 2/13, adj. greedy for gain.Greefe, 89/8, s. trouble, worry.Gregorie, 46/2. St. Gregory's Day, 12th March.Grinstone, 17/8, s. grindstone.Gromel, 45/9, s. the plant Gromwell. Lithospermum arvense, Linn.Grosest, 19/18, adj. heaviest, thickest, Fr. gros.Grosse, 18/18, adj. coarse.Grossum caput, 95/1, a blockhead, stupid.Grotes, 33/46, s. pl. money (groats). L. Ger. grot = a large piece (of money), so called because before this coin was issued by Edward III., the English had no larger silver coin than the penny.Gruch, 57/19; Grutch, 86/2, v. grudge. O. Fr. grouchier, to grumble.Grutching, 10/8, s. grumbling.Guise, 89/12, *Guyse, 5, s. habit, custom.Gunstone, 10/19, s. a ball of stone, used in heavy artillery before the introduction of iron shot.—Nares' Gloss.Gutted, 46/4, pp. taken off from the old roots. *Gutting, 27, v. cutting up, making ruts in. H.Haberden, 23/12, s. "that kind of cod which is usually salted."—Nares. ? Aberdeen haddocks.Hacking, 53/15, v. hewing down, cutting of trees.Had I wist, 77/8, lit. "had I known:" foole had I wist = foolish and useless regrets. *Haft, 60, v. imp. "Act like a miser, be a niggard. The sentence then reads 'Be not niggardly towards God of the goods He sends you.' Haft, to grasp (an extension of the verb to have), and hence to save, be a niggard, is preserved in hafter, a miser, saver; which see in my Notes to P. Plowman, l. 197, p. 117. See nine examples of this word in Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 108."—Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. The word, however, seems to bear even a stronger meaning, for Cooper, in his "Thesaurus," 1584, has "Cauilla, a mocke, a scoffe, an haftyng question, a cauill." The words "haft not to godward" thus may mean "do not grumble at, find fault with, or question the justice of what God sends you."Haie, 63/24, s. hay. A.S. haga.Haier, 57/51, s. cloth made of goats' hair.Haile, 15/34, adj. sound, strong. A.S. hÆl.Hailoft, 89/6, s. hay-lofts.Haithorne, 34/28, s. hawthorn. A.S. hagaÞorn from haga = hedge, haw. Ger. hagedorn.Hallomas, 23/1, s. the Feast of All Saints. Hallowmas, i.e. All Saints' Day, Nov. 1, was, in Tusser's time, ten days nearer the winter solstice than now.Hallontide, 21/1. All Saints' Day, 1st November.Handsome, 48/18, adj. useful, ready, handy. A.S. hand, hond, the hand. Prompt. Parv. gives "handsum, manualis."Handsomly, 21/24, adv. neatly, trimly.Hardhead, 71/4, adj. hardy, brave.Hardlie, 10/50, adv. with difficulty.Harlots, 74/4, s. pl. tramps, vagrants, or disreputable characters of either sex. "An harlott, balator, rusticus."—Cathol. Anglicum.Harmes, 16/15, s. in harm's way, in danger.Harolds Booke, 114/11, s. pl. the Books of the College of Heralds.Hart, 19/13, s. strength, fertility.Harted, 48/17, pp. provided with a good heart, or, as we should now say, a good bottom; strengthened. *Harthe, 65, s. hearth.Hartilie, 10/55, adj. hearty.Hartstong, 45/10, s. the Heartstongue, Ceterach officinarum, so called from the shape of the frond.Hastings, 18/32, s. pl. an early variety of peas, "soone ripe, soone rotten."—D. Rogers' Naaman.Hauke, 56/44, s. hawking, falconry.Haunt, 67/14, v. follow, pursue, be accustomed. O. Fr. hanter, to pursue.Haunting, 16/31, adj. frequenting, in the habit of coming.Hauocke, 77/3, s. havoc, waste.Hawe, 36/13, s. the berries of the hawthorn, hips.Hawme, 55/14, s. haulm, straw. "Haulm, straw left in an esh or gratten; stubble, thatch. Sax. hÆlme, culmus, calamus. Icel. halmur, palea."—Bish. Kennett's MS. Ray gives "haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned."Hazard, 23/11, s. danger.Heale, 19/37, v. to recover, be cured.Healthsom, 11/8, adj. healthy, invigorating. *Heare, 41, s. hair.Hearesaie, 2/10, s. hearsay, report.Hearie, 49/7, adj. hairy, full of hairs. A.S. hÆr. O. Icel. hÄr, hair.Heate, 76/2, pp. heated, hot.Heawers, 47/8, s. pl. woodcutters. A.S. heawan, to cut.Hed, 89/9, s. head, mind.Hedlonds, 52/17, s. pl. headlands.Hew, 113/1, s. colour, "changed hew" = have changed, become unfavourable.Hew prowler, 35/25. "Hugh Prowler is our Author's name for a night-walker."—T.R.Hid, 2/11, s. care, heed. A.S. hÉdan.Hier, 23/9, s. business, duty.Hight, 114/3, v. pt. t. was called, named. O. Eng. higt, higte. A.S. hÂtte from hatan, to call, name.Hilback, 10/40, s. cover back, i.e. clothes, extravagance in dress. Kennett, MS. Lansdowne 1033.—Halliwell. A.S. hilan, helan, to cover.Hindring, 88/3, v. injuring, damaging.Hir, 35/51, poss. pr. their. A.S. heor.Hobbard de Hoy, 60/3, s. a lad approaching manhood. "Hober-de-hoy, half a man and half a boy."—Ray's Gloss.Hogscote, 17/21, s. a pen or sty for hogs.Holds, 33/40, v. pr. t. equals, gains equal.Holiokes, 43/15, s. pl. hollyhocks. A.S. holihoc.Homelie, 1/2, adj. plain, homely, unpretending.Hone, 46/9, s. "a common rubber or whetstone."—T.R.Honie, 106/4, adj. sweet.Horehound, 45/11, s. horehound. A.S. hara-hune, or possibly a corruption of Lat. urinaria, the plant being considered a sovereign remedy in cases of strangury and dysuria.Horselock, 17/21, s. shackles for horses' feet.Horseteeme, 17/10, s. team of horses.Hostis, 10/8, s. pl. entertainers.Housholdry, 9/11, s. furniture and articles for domestic use.Houell, 52/8, s. barn, outhouse.Houen, 49/4, pp. swelled. A.S. hebban, hefan (pp. hofen), to heave, raise. O. H. Ger. hevan.Hower, 107/4, s. hour.Howse, 57/32, v. imp. house.Hoy, 57/13, v. imp. drag, frighten, drive away by crying, "hoy, hoy!"Hull, 36/23, s. holly.Huluer, 48/10, s. holly. O. Icel. hulfr.Hurtillberies, 34/13, s. pl. the hurtle-berry or whortleberry, bilberry.Hutch, 10/47, s. money chest or box. A.S. hwÆca = chest, an unauthorised (? invented) form, due to Somner. O. Fr. houche. I. *Iayle, 88, s. a gaol, prison.Ictus sapit, 2/8. Lat. Prov. See Note E15.Indian eie, 43/16, s. the Pink, so called from the eye-shaped marking of the corolla.Inholder, 97/1, s. innkeeper.Inned, 23/19, pp. saved, housed.Intreating, 88/5, s. treatment.Inuest, 11/8, v. surround.Ise, 112/2, s. ice.Isop, 42/9, s. hyssop. A name assigned in the Authorised Version of the Bible to the caper.Ist, 5/3, is it.Iuie, 50/6, *Iuye, 42, s. ivy. A.S. ifig. J.Jack, 17/20, s. a horse or wooden frame upon which wood is sawn.Jack, 85/10, s. a drinking vessel containing half a pint according to Grose, and quarter of a pint according to Pegge, and Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.Jade, 17/3, s. an ill-tempered horse.Janting, 87/3, v. driving. Cotgrave gives another form of the word in English. "lancer un cheval. To stirre a horse in the stable till hee sweat withall; or (as our) to iaunt; an old word." "Jaunt" is found in Romeo and Juliet, ii. 5, 26, "What a jaunt have I had!" and in line 53 of the same scene: "To catch my death with jaunting up and down." Cf. also Richard II. v. 5, 94.Jarring, 88/3, s. quarrelling, scolding.Jerke, 64*/9, s. stroke, blow. See Yerke.Jet, 114/38, v. strut about, walk proudly. Fr. jetter. "Along the streetes as he doth jetting passe,
His outside showes him for an inward asse."
—Rowland's Knave of Hearts, 1613.Jettie, 68/1, v. walk or strut about.Jobbing, 37/12, v. pecking. "As an ass with a galled back was feeding in a meadow, a raven pitched upon him, and their sate jobbing of the sore."—L'Estrange's Esop.John Baptist, 12/4. The feast of St. John the Baptist, 24th June.Jornie, 57/38, v. pr. t. go on a journey, start.Just, 57/10, adv. neatly, trimly. K.Karle hempe, 15/24, s. the male hemp. See Glossary of Manley and Corringham (E. D. Soc. No. VI.), by E. Peacock.Keies, 89/3, s. pl.. keys, locks.Kell, 57/51, s. hop-kiln.Kerue, 114/32, v. (carve), set out, arrange.Kest, 11/3, v. imp. cast, turn.Kiffe, 10/30, s. kith, kindred, relations.Kinde, 46/20, s. nature, natural way. A.S. cynd.Kirnels, 36/13, s. pl. pips, seeds. A.S. cyrnel.Knacker, 58/5, s. a cart, collar and harness maker, chiefly employed by farmers.Knackes, 86/7, s. pl. knickknacks, trifles.Knap, 85/11, v. imp. rap, knock.Knauerie, 9/13, s. roguery, craft, deceit.Knede, 74/5, v. imp. knead. A.S. cnedan. O. H. Ger. chnetan.Kniueles, 98/1, adj. having no knives. "When knives were not laid for the guests, as at the present period, they would use their daggers to carve with, which were harmless as to any other purpose."—Mavor.Knot, 22/22, s. flower-beds laid out in fanciful shapes. See Bacon's Essay Of Gardens, ed. W. A. Wright, p. 189: "As for the making of knots, or figures, with divers coloured earths, that they may lie under the windowes of the house, on that side, which the garden stands, they be but toyes." Compare also Love's Labour's Lost, i. 1, 249: "Thy curious-knotted garden;" and Milton's Paradise Lost, iv. 242: "Flowers worthy of Paradise, which not nice art
In beds and curious knots, but nature boon
Pour'd forth profuse." And Shakspere, Richard II. iii. 4, 46.Knotted, 42/13, adj. jointed. "The knotted rush-ringes, and gilte Rosemaree."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. November. L.Lackey, 87/3, servant, messenger.Lag, 20/15, v. pr. t. pilfer, steal.Lagged, 36/25, pp. caught.Laggoose, 85/4, s. laggard, lazy.Laie, 4/1, 9/32, v. plan, intend, purpose.Laie, 35/46, Lay, 35/48, s. untilled land, grass land, lea.Laier, 63/4, s. soil, ground.Laier, 20/27, s. beds, litter.Lammas, 50/36, s. Lammas Day, the 1st August. A.S. hlÂfmaesse. O. Eng. loafmas, the bread-feast or feast of first fruits.Lamming, 35/21, s. lambing.Lams, 51/1, s. lambs.Langdebiefe, 39/16, s. Wild bugloss. See Mr. Britten's note, E205.Larkes foot, 43/18, s. Larkspur, or Larksclaw. Delphinium, Linn.Lash, 63/20, s. dirt, mud; leaue in the lash = leave in the lurch, or, perhaps, in the snare, trap. See next word.Lash, 10/15, s. the leash in which an animal is caught or held, hence "to run in the lash" = to fall into the snare.Lasheth, 23/18, v. pr. t. lavisheth, wastes.Lashinglie, 9/6, adv. lavishly, freely.Lash out, 9/6, v. lavish, spend.Laster, 85/10, s. is no laster = will not or does not last, i.e. is soon broken.Launders, 83/2, s. pl. washers, laundresses.Lauender cotten, 42/12, s. the Garden cypres, ChamÆcyparissus.—Lyte's Dodoens, ed. 1578, p. 29.Lauender spike, 42/11, s. spike lavender, Lavandula spica, from M. Lat. lavendula, from lavare = to wash, as being the plant used to scent newly-washed linen, whence the expression of "laid up in lavender." The essential oil distilled from this plant, which is nearly allied to the common Lavender, is called in French Essence d'Aspic, and in English Oil of Spike. It is used in porcelain painting and in veterinary medicine. See Pharmacographia, p. 430.Lawe, 56/2, s. rule, for a lawe = as a rule.Laxe, 19/41, s. looseness, diarrhoea. See Cowlaske.Lay, 10/60, v. pr. t. plan, try.Lay land, 33/49, s. untilled lands. "Lay lande, terre nouvellement labourÉe."—Palsgrave.Lead, 56/14, s. a cauldron, copper, or kettle. Gaelic luchd = a pot, kettle. "That stemede as a forneys of a leede."—Chaucer, Prologue to C. T. l. 202. "Make Þe broys in Þe led."—Havelok, ed. Skeat, 924.Lease, 33/49, s. a pasture. "A lease is a name used in some countries for a small piece of ground of two or three acres."—T.R. O.E. leswen, to pasture, from A.S. lÆsu, a pasture, l?swian, to pasture.Leaueled, 46/7, pp. levelled, measured.Leauens, 89/10, s. pl. the barm and meal laid together for fermentation: to lay the leavens or leavance = to put them together for that purpose. See Halliwell, s.v. Leavance.Leese, 56/47, v. imp. lose, miss.Leete, 86/10, s. a manor court.Lemmans, 40/2a, s. pl. lemons. Arabic laimÛn.Lent stuffe, 63/36, s. provisions for Lent.Lesse, 2/8, s. lease, term. Fr. lais, laissement, the lease or instrument by which a holding of any kind is let (laissÉ) to a tenant.Let, 57/50, s. hindrance, obstacle.Letted, 23/2, pp. hindered, delayed.Lettis, 39/18, s. lettuce. Lat. lectuca, from Greek ?a?? [Greek: gala] gen. ???a?t?? [Greek: galaktos], milk, and ??? [Greek: echo], to contain, through lattouce, an older form (still retained in Scotland). "Letuce of lac derivyed is perchaunce;
Ffor mvlk it hath or yeveth abundaunce."
—Palladius on Husbondrie, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Lodge, 51/216.Leuer, 50/9, adv. sooner, rather. A.S. leofer.Lick, 23/6, v. lick themselves.Licoras, 45/13, s. liquoras.Licour, 22/23, s. water, drink.Lide, 114/3, v. pt. t. lay, was situate.Lie in the dust, 10/32, cease, be done away with.Lieng alonge, 19/25, lying at a distance.Linage, 114/3, s. lineage, family.Lightly, 46/20, adv. easily.Likest, 35/34, adj. most likely, promising.Lillium cum-vallium, 43/20, s. Lily of the valley, or Lily-convally. Lat. Lilium convallium, a name taken from Canticles ii. 1, "I am the lily of the valleys."Line, 17/5, s. rope (?).Ling, 57/36, s. a fish (Lota molva) resembling a cod, but longer and more slender. When salted, it is extensively used for food in Scotland and Ireland. Fr. lingue, O. Dutch, linghe.Linne, 97/3, s. the town of Lynn. "To purchase Lynn" seems to have been a proverbial mode of expression used in ridicule of stinginess.—Mavor.Linnen, 94/13, s. linen.Litherly, 85/8, adj. lazy, idle.Lively spide, 3/2, quickly seen.Liuerwort, 39/20, s. so called from the liver shape of the thallus. Lyte (Dodoens, ed. 1587, p. 411) tells us it is "a sovereign medicine against the heate and inflammation of the liver."Loiterers, 2/6, s. pl. hangers on, dependents. *Lone, 10, s. pl. a loan, grant from God.Longing, 16/10, s. desire, what it requires.Longwort, 39/19, s. lungwort, Pulmonaria maculosa.Looke, 5/1, 10/4, v. look for, seek, expect.Loose, 57/22, v. pr. t. lose, waste.Lop, 33/13, s. the faggot wood of a tree.Lordlie, 113/3, adv. to live in a lordly or grand style.Losels, 63/12, s. pl. worthless, abandoned fellows. Prompt. Parv. has "Lorel or losel, or ludene, lurco."Louage, 45/12, s. Lovage. Ligusticum Scoticum, Linn.Lowe, 23/24, adj. not advanced, if Spring is taken to mean the season; or, not grown up, if Spring is the young grass.Lowe, 63/11, adv. low, feeding so lowe = to allow the flocks to eat the pasture too low or short.Lower, 20/17, v. scowl, look discontented.Lubberlie, 9/16, adj. lazy, idle. "Thither this lusking lubber softly creeped." Tom Tel Troth's Message, New Shak. Soc. ed. F. J. Furnivall, p. 128. "Baligaut, m. an vnweldie lubber, great lobcocke, huge luske, mishapen lowt, ill-fauoured flabergullion."—Cotgrave.Lubbers, 57/22, s. pl. louts, awkward fellows. Welsh llob = a heavy lump, llabi = a looby. Gaelic leobhair = a lubber.—Wedgwood.Lug, 87/4, v. drag, draw.Lurched, 23/3, pp. robbed of their food, being left in the lurch.Lurching, 88/7, s. greediness. L. Lat. lurcare, to swallow food greedily. "To lurch, devour, or eate greadily, ingurgito."—Baret's Alvearie. Cf. Bacon's Essays, xlv.Lurke, 86/1, v. idle, loiter about.Lurketh, 62/9, v. pr. t. lounge, dawdle about. The same as Lusk. Harman, p. 82, speaks of "lewtering luskes and lazy lorrels."Lust, 15/10, s. desire.Lustie, 60/5, adj. strong, lusty. M.Mads, 50/4, s. pl. maggots, worms. Another form of moth.Magget the py, 49/9, the magpie. See note E300.Maides, 90/3, s. pl. maidens, girls.Maierom, 42/13, s. marjoram, from Lat. majorana, with the change of n to m, as in "Holm, Lime," etc.Maine, 19/17, adj. = meint, i.e. mixed wheat. See Mung or muncorn in Halliwell.Mainecombe, 17/3, s. a comb for horses' manes.Maine sea, 14/4, the ocean, the high sea. Cf. the expression "the Spanish main."Male, 102/4, s. mail-bag, portmanteau, or sack.Mallow, 33/6, s. the field mallow.Mams, 95/5, s. pl. mothers, mammas.Manerly, 85/11, adj. polite, decent.Mar, 95/2, v. spoil, ruin. *Marefoles, 53, s. pl. fillies.Marke, 17/17, s. marking tool.Marres, 20/14, v. pr. t. spoils, interrupts.Marrow, 57/40, s. a mate, companion. "Marwe, or felawe yn trauayle or mate, socius, compar, sodalis."—Prompt. Parv. See Towneley Mysteries, p. 110, and quotations in Craven Glossary and Jamieson.Marsh men, 17/19, s. pl. farmers in the fen and marshy country.Martilmas, 12/3. The feast of St. Martin, 11th November. See Note E60.Mast, 63/5, s. the fruit of the oak and beech and other forest trees. A.S. m?st. Ger. mast, from Gothic matan, to nourish.Mastlin, 63/23, s. mixed corn. See Mestlen.Mates, 114/30, s. pl. companions.Mawdlin, 49/c, s. Magdalene.Mawdelin, 42/14, s. Maudlin. Balsamita fÆminea.—Gerard's Herball.Meade, 63/3, s. meadow. A.S. m?d, meadu, genitive, meadewes.Meake, 17/14, s. "a hook at the end of a handle five foot long."—T.R. "A meag or meak, a pease-hook."—Ray. Also in Coles' Dict. 1676.Meane, 114/25, means, help.Meanie, 2/6, adj. many.Measling, 16/23, becoming measly. "Masyl or mazil, sekenesse."—Prompt. Parv.Measure, 68/9, v. be moderate, be within measure.Meated, 17/12, pp. fed.Meateth, 62/7, v. pr. t. feeds, supports.Medcin, 33/19, s. medicine.Meedeful, 87/7, adj. thankful.Meedes, 106/4, s. pl. meadows. See Meade.Mendbreech, 89/6, s. one who sits up late at night to mend his clothes.Mercurie, 39/22, s. Mercury, or Good King Henry, is largely grown by cottagers in Lincolnshire. This plant, the Chenopodium bonus henricus of botanists, bears tender young leaves resembling spinach, which, when cooked, are but little inferior in flavour to the finest asparagus. It is a robust-growing perennial, and, when once planted in deep, rich soil, requires no further cultural attention than a dressing of well-decomposed manure during the winter.Mestlen, 37/21, s. a mixture of wheat and rye. "Mastil?one, bigermen, mixtilio."—Cath. Ang. "Framois, meslin of oats and barlie mixed." "Meteil, messling or misslin, wheat and rie mingled."—Cotgrave.Mew, 36/26, s. a cage for moulting.Michel, 33/32, Mihel, 57/25, Mihell, 12/4, s. Michaelmas. The feast of St. Michael and All Angels, 29th September.Michers, 10/15, s. pl. lurking thieves, skulkers. "Mecher, a lytell thefe, laronceau."—Palsgrave. Now common as a term for a truant. Cf. Shak. I Henry IV. ii. 4: "Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a micher and eat blackberries."Mickle, 68/1, adj. great, much.Mier, 107/4, s. mire, filth. A.S. myre. *Mier, 38, Mierie, 114/27, adj. filthy, muddy.Mihelmas, 57/44, Michaelmas. *Millons, 72/c, s. pl. melons. See Musk Million.Mind, 68/5, v. notice, comment on.Mind, 63/1, v. pr. t. intend, have in mind, wish.Minion, 66/4, adj. pleasant, agreeable, favourite. Fr. mignon. L. Lat. mignonetus, gratissimus, minna, love.Minnekin, 10/20, adj. little, perhaps with the idea of the modern contracted form "minx."Miring, 23/3, v. being stuck in bogs.Mis, 16/8, v. want, be without.Mischiefe, 23/4, v. hurt, injure.Mischieued, 10/36, adj. unfortunate, ruined.Misdeeme, 30/3, v. misjudge. A.S. deman, to judge.Mislike, 23/16, v. displease, not suit.Mistle, 33/12, s. mistletoe. A.S. mistel. O. H. Ger. mistil.Mitch, 17/17, adj. large.Mite, 63/20, s. the smallest piece. A.S mite.Mo, 33/57, adj. more, others. A.S. mÂ.Moether, 17/13, Mother, 16/14, s. a girl. A woman and her mawther = a woman and her daughter. "Moder, servaunte or wench."—Prompt. Parv.Mogwort, 45/15, s. mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris, Linn.Moile, 4/1, v. to work hard, drudge. Lat. moliri, to struggle. "In the earth we moile with hunger, care and paine."—Mirror for Magist. ed. 1610.Molding, 55/4, v. becoming musty, or mouldy.Mome, 62/3, s. blockhead, fool. "A gull, a ninny, a mome."—Florio, p. 81. "A youth will play the wanton, and an olde man proove a mome."—Drayton, Skeltoniad.Mone, 67/1, s. complaint, lamentation.Mooueth, 94/7, v. pr. t. moves or exerts herself, plans.Mother, 16/14, s. a girl. See Moether.Moulspare, 17/18, s. mole spear.Mow, 17/19, s. stack of hay or corn. A.S. muwa. L. Lat. mugium.Mowles, 36/17, s. pl. moles.Mowse, 38/3, v. pr. t. mouth, bite.Mowth, 57/25, v. eat.Muck, 51/13, s. manure.Mulley, 57/46, a common name for a cow in Suffolk.Mungrels, 46/3, s. pl. cur dogs, mongrels. A.S. menegan, to mix, hence an animal of a mixed breed, a hybrid.Musk Million, 40/8, s. the musk melon. "Pickled cowcombers I have bought a pecke for threepence, and musk mellions, there hath beene cast five or sixe loads of them in one day to their hogs."—Taylor's Works, 1630. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 590.Myslen, 16/11, s. mixed corn. Mestlyone or monge corne or dragge.—Prompt. Parv. See Dredge and Mestlen. N.Nads, 17/9, s. an adze.Naile, 17/8, s. nails.Nall, 17/4, s. an awl.Naughtie, 53/20, adj. useless, unfit.Naughtly, 10/4, adv. by unfair or improper means.Nauewes, 41/6, s. pl. wild navew. Brassica napus, L. Fr. naveau, from napellus, dimin. of napus = the rape. *Nawlt, 32, ? nawt, nothing.Neat, 50/28, s. cattle. A.S. neÂt, horned cattle.Neatherd, 63/2, s. herdsman, the man who attends to the cattle.Needams shore, 97/5. "A punning proverb recorded in Ray; and signifying that waste and extravagance bring a man to want or need."—Mavor.Needfullie, 9/15, adv. necessarily.Ne forte, 23/10, Latin, lest by chance.Nep, 39/24, s. cat mint, a contraction from the Lat. nepeta.Nest, 11/6, v. nestle, settle. *Nestling, 41, v. harbouring, supporting.Nettie, 68/1, adj. natty, neat. O. Fr. net, from Lat. nitidus.Nice, 102/1, adj. careful, particular.Nick, 98/4, v. cut, notch.Nie, 16/4, adj. near, convenient.Nips, 114/5, s. pl. pinches.Niggerly, 27/4, adj. niggardly, miserly. Icel. hnÖggr, sparing, miserly. Cf. Ger. knicker, a niggard.Nittes, 21/23, s. pl. the eggs of a louse or other insects. A.S. hnitu.Noble, 16/16, s. noble, a gold coin of the value of 6s. 8d.Noddies, 18/20, Nodie, 98/4, s. pl. simpletons, fools. "Ere you come hither, proove I was somebody,
The king delighted in me, now I am a noddy."
—Damon and Pythias, i. 174.Noe, 7/4, s. Noah.Noiance, 16/8, s. injury, trouble.Noie, 52/15, v. pr. t. are injurious, noxious.Noieth, 57/13, v. pr. t. suffer harm or injury.Noisome, 10/8, adj. injurious, damaging.Norfolk wiles, 114/18, "Essex miles, Suffolk stiles, Norfolk wiles, many men beguiles."—Old East Anglian saw. See note E500.Nowles, 36/17, s. pl. the hillocks, little mounds. A. S. cnoll, cacumen. "Nolle, idem quod nodul."—Prompt. Parv.Noy, 53/15, v. hurt, are injurious. See Noie.Noyer, 13/2, s. one that hurts or injures.Nurteth, 20/28, v. pr. t. poke or push with the horns.? connected with Fr. nuire, Lat. nocere. Halliwell quotes from Gawayne nirt = a cut, hurt.Nurture, 10/57, s. training. O.Of, 106/12, prep. through, in consequence of.Of, 106/2, prep. out of, from.Of, 19/22, prep. after.Of, 64*/4, prep. with, by means of.Ofcorne, 86/5, s. offal or waste corn.Office, 99/2, s. duty. Lat. officium.Oke, 19/31, s. oaks. A.S. Æc.Ope gap, 16/36, hedge or fence breakers.Open, 16/38, v. bark, open his mouth.Opprest, 19/29, pp. troubled, laden.Opte, 114/22, v. pt. t. opened. *Or and, 18, before. Cf. Er an.Orach or Arach, 39/26, s. Orach. Atriplex sativa alba. Atriplex sativa purpurea.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.Orderlie, 9/8, adv. in due order.Orengis, 40/4a, s. pl. oranges. Arabic, nÂrandj. L. Lat. arantia, from its first title, pomum aurantium, golden apple.Otemell, 46/26, s. oatmeal. A.S. Âta, oat, and mÆl, meal.Otes, 46/13, s. pl. oats.Othing, 94/6, one thing.Out, 16/17, adv. outdoor, open air.Ouercome, 53/4, v. manage, keep up with.Ouerly, 23/21, adv. all over.Over reaching, 2/11, cheating, deceiving.Ouerthwart, 46/9, prep. across. A.S. oferÞweorh. O. Eng. outhwar, thweorh. O. Norse, thwert.Ox bowes, 17/10, s. pl. the bow of wood which goes round the neck of an ox.Oxboy, 63/15, s. the boy who attends to the cattle.Oxteeme, 17/10, s. team of oxen.Oxyokes, 17/10, s. pl. yokes for oxen
. P.Pad, 17/21, s. padlock.Paggles, 43/25, s. pl. cowslip, primrose, paigles. In Suffolk the Cuckoo flower. See note E232.Paier, 17/13, s. pair, couple.Paine, 3/1, s. pains, trouble.Painfull, 77/15, adj. painstaking, careful.Painfull, 2/13, adj. full of trouble, requiring care.Painted, 5/3, pp. adorned; the sermo ornatus of Cicero.Paltrie, 57/30, adj. poor, worthless.Panel, 17/5, s. a pannier. A pannel and ped have this difference: the one is much shorter than the other, and raised before and behind, and serves for smaller burdens; the other is longer and made for Burdens of Corn. These are fastened with a leathern Girt called a Wantye.—T.R.Parasites, 10/27, s. pl. flatterers, hangers on.Pare, 2/7, v. injure, damage, impair.Pared, 46/4, pp. cleaned and cleared of all superfluous roots.Partition, page 2, s. division.Pas, 48/6, v. pr. t. care. "As for these silken-coated staves, I pass not."—Shakspere, 2 Henry VI. iv. 2.Pask, 46/2, s. Easter. Lat. Pascha.Passeth, 102/3, v. pr. t. think, reflect. See Pas.Pasties, 90/7, s. pl. pies.Patch, 51/32, s. originally a fool, jester, here = the farm labourer. Ital. pazzo, which Florio ("New Worlde of Wordes") defines as "foolish, fond, mad, rash, doting, rauing or simple. Also a foole, a gull, an idiot, a mad man, a naturall." By some, however, it is derived from the patched or motley coat of the jester.Patches, 53/2, s. pl. places where the shearer has cut the skin of the sheep, wounds.Pates, 63/9, s. pl. persons.Pauncies, 43/24, s. pansies, heartsease. "There's pansies, that's for thoughts."—Shakspere, Hamlet, iv. 5.Pay, 77/11, v. pay home = give a strong, sharp blow.Peake, 67/27, v. to look thin or sickly, "Dwindle, peak and pine."—Shakspere, Macbeth, i. 3.Pearch, 87/5, v. perch, roost.Peasebolt, 18/38, s. "pease in the Hawm or Straw."—T.R.Peaseetch, 19/5, s. the aftermath of a crop of peas. See Etch.Peasefed, 18/27, adj. fed on peas.Peason, 53/9, s. pl. pease. "Prick peason and beanes, if thy garden be dry,
At change of the moone, and in beautiful skye."
—Almanack, 1615.Peccantem, 35/28. See note E178.Peck, 17/12, s. a peck measure.Ped, 17/5, s. a pannier, a large capacious basket, in which fowls, eggs, fish, etc., are hawked about the country. Peder, a small farmer (Lincoln), "Pedde, idem quod panere, calathus."—Prompt. Parv. "Pedder, revolus, negociator."—Cathol. Anglic. See also Halliwell, sub. voc.Peeces, 2/7, s. pieces, in parts.Peele, 75/6, v. strip. "Peler. To bauld, or pull the haire off; also to pill, pare, barke, unrinde, unskin."—Cotgrave.Peeler, 35/51, s. an impoverisher.Peeling, 33/51, s. impoverishing.Pelfe, 55/1, s. apparatus, implements.Peneriall, 39/29, s. penny-royal. Mentha pulegium, from Lat. puleium regium, through Dutch poley, in the old Herbals called puliol royal; its Latin name being derived from its supposed efficacy in destroying fleas (pulices). See Pliny (b. xx. cap. 54).Penie, 2/13, s. penny, money.Penurie, 9/6, s. destitution, want.Perareplums, 34/18, s. pl. some variety of plum either lost or unknown (if not a misprint).Perceley, 39/28, s. parsley. A.S. peterselige. Lat. petroselinum.Percer, 17/6, s. a piercer, gimlet.Perie, 18/48, s. perry.Perle, 96/28, s. pearl, jewel, ornament.Perseneps, 41/8, s. pl. parsnips. Spelt in the old herbals Pasnep and Pastnip, from Lat. pastinaca.Pester, 48/14, v. overcrowd with stock, abbreviated from O. Fr. empestrer = to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, from Fr. pasturon, L. Lat. pastorium, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures.Pestring, 53/11, v. being in the way or troublesome. "Empestrer, to pester, intricate, intangle, trouble, incomber."—Cotgrave.Petigree, 114/11, s. pedigree, genealogy.Pewter, 85/11, s. pewter vessels.Philip and Jacob, 51/1. The feast of Saints Philip and James, 1st May.Phraies, 114/8, s. phrase, language.Pickle, 56/17, s. condition, state.Piddling, 63/48, v. "going about pretending to work but doing little or nothing, as after illness a man is said to go piddling about, though as yet unable to do much."—Halliwell.Pie, 53/3, s. magpie.Piggen, 16/14, s. pigeons.Pike, 17/15, s. a pitching fork with two or three prongs for cocking corn not put into sheaves.Pilch, 15/39, v. pr. t. pilfer. See also Filchers.Pilcrowe, page 2, s. the mark ¶. "Pylcrafte in a booke, asteriskus."—Prompt. Parv.Pilferie, 9/4, s. theft, fraud. O. Fr. pelfrer, to plunder.Pinched, 10/30, pp. in straitened circumstances, in need or want.Pinching, 9/6, adj. extreme, pressing.Pinching, 97/3, s. economy.Pinwood, 17/20, s. pegwood, i.e. wood that does not split, for making wooden pins or pegs of.PionÉes, 45/16, s. pl. The peony. PÆonia corallina. The seeds of this plant were used as a spice, and also as a medicine. See note in Liber Albus, p. 351.Pismier, 111, s. ant.Pitch and pay, 114/24, pay ready money.Placing, 56/32, v. arranging, stacking.Plagards, 114/6, s. pl. commissions, instruments.Planked, 17/2, pp. boarded.Plantine, 44/10, s. Plantain. The Water-plantain was formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia: from planta, sole of the foot, from the shape of the leaf.Plash, 36/15, v. imp. lower and narrow a broad-spread hedge by partially cutting off the branches and entwining them with those left behind. "Plesser, to plash, fould, to bow, or plait young branches one within another; also to thicken a hedge, or cover a walke, by plashing."—Cotgrave. In 36/15 it means to pleach down a hedge over the burrow, so as to protect it.Pleasure, 7/6, v. to please.Plight, 16/34, s. condition.Plot, 9/7, s. piece of ground, farm.Plot, 12/1, s. plan, rule.Plough Monday, 90/2. The Monday next after Twelfth Day. See note E452.Ploughstaff, 17/11, s. an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds, stalks, etc.Plowmeat, 47/12, s. food made of corn.Plowwrite, 58/5, s. plough wright.Plump, 19/41, v. imp. throw in.Pod, 17/6, s. "a box or old leather bottle nailed to the side of the cart to hold necessary implements, or perhaps grease."—Mavor. Cf. Ped.Poke, 16/3, s. a bag, sack, "buy a pig in a poke" = to buy without seeing what one is buying.Poling, 35/45, s. supporting with poles.Pollard, 19/16, s. a mixture of bran and meal.Pollenger, 35/13, s. pollard trees, brushwood.Pompions, 41/7, s. pl. pumpkins. Fr. pompon.Poppie, 45/17, s. poppy. A.S. papig.Poret, 39/31, s. a scallion; a leek or small onion. O. Fr. porette. Lat. porrum; called Porrectes in the Forme of Cury, p. 41.Porkling, 19/34, s. young swine. Cf. Bulchin, q.v.Posie, 97/1, s. a poetical inscription. Udal writes it poisee. "There was a superscription or poisee written on the toppe of the crosse."—St. Luke, c. 23.Pot, 15/43, s. the pot for cooking purposes.Pottage, 76/2, s. pottage, soup. Fr. potage.Pottle, 21/12, s. a pottle, a measure of two quarts.Pouch, 62/16, s. pocket, purse. A.S. pocca.Poucheth, 35/46, v. pr. t. pockets.Pound, 114/21, v. fight, beat. *Powlinges, 66, s. pl. the branches or shoots of pollard trees. Still called Pollengers.Practise, 73/13, s. practice, experience.Practisie, 9/5, s. conduct, practices.Praies, 114/18, s. praise.Prating, 64/27, s. talking, chattering.Pray, 114/25, s. prey, booty, plunder.Preferment, 10/57, s. advancement, assistance.Prentise, 92/4, s. apprenticeship, business.Prentiships, 60, s. pl. periods of seven years, that being the duration of an apprenticeship, or 'prenticeship.Prest, 56/43, adj. ready.Prest, 63/7, adj. neat, tidy. Tusser Redivivus says, "An old word for Neat or Tight; I suppose comes from women being strait-laced." Ital. presto. O. Fr. prest, Fr. prÊt.Prest, 49/8, pp. pressed. Fr. presser.Pretie, 86/7, adj. pretty, dainty. A.S. prÆtig.Preuenting, 10/62, pr. p. anticipating. Lat. prevenire, to go before.Price, 114/16, s. renown, high estimation. Lat. pretium.Pricketh, 77/22, v. pr. t. makes proud or puffs up.Pricking, 67/16, v. embroidering, doing fancy work.Pride, 19/12, s. excessive richness. "The ground having his pride abated in the first crop"—G. Markham.Prie, 35/15, s. privet.Prim, 15/42, s. another name for the "privet;" called also "primwort."Prime, 14/3, s. the time of the new moon, as change is the time of the full moon.Prime grass, 35/18, s. earliest grass. See footnote 10, p. 84.Priuie, 10/12, adj. aware, acquainted.Priuie, 15/42, s. privet. Ligustrum vulgare.Procureth, 64/3, v. pr. t. contrives, brings about.Promooters, 64/11, s. pl. informers.Prooue, 46/1, v. imp. try, have some experience of. *Prouision, 4, foresight. Lat. providere. *Pullein, 37, Pullen, 87/5, s. pl. poultry, fowls. "Pullayne, poullane, poullaille."—Palsgrave. See also Pulter.Pullet, 63/16, s. chicken.Pulter, 21/9, s. fowl keeper or breeder. "Poullailler, m. a poulter or keeper of pullaine."—Cotgrave.Pultrie, 21/9, s. poultry.Purkey Wheat, 19/17, maize.Purloiners, 10/54, s. pl. thieves, pilferers. Spelt "proloiners" in edit. of 1577.Purse penniles, 10/28, adj. a purse without a penny, empty pursed.Purslane, 40/10, s. water purslane. Portulaca domestica.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633. From porcellus, a little pig; the plant being a favourite food of swine.Put to, 10/30, v. place.Puttocks, 38/33, s. pl. kites, hawks. "Puttok, bryd, milvus."—Prompt. Parv. In 99/3 the meaning is, voracious fellows. Q.Quaile, 15/34, v. fail.Quaile, 91/6, s. be shaken.Quamier, 33/56, s. quagmire, bog. O. Eng. quavemire.Queenes gilleflowers, 43/27, s. the Dame's Violet, also called Rogue's or Winter gilliflower. Hesperis matronalis, L.Queere, 114/6, s. choir. "Queere, chorus."—Cath. Anglicum.Quickset, 18/33, s. quickset hedge.Quick setted, 35/45, pp. enclosed with a quickset hedge.Quieter, 63/22, adv. more easily, quietly.Quight, 115/2, adv. completely, entirely.Quite, 15/7, v. pr. t. requite, repay. R.Rabetstock, 17/20, s. a rabbet-plane, a joiner's tool for cutting rabbets.Rable, 22/17, s. crowd, number.Rage, 114/35, adj. wild, dissipated.Raise, 9/16, v. stir up.Rampions, 40/12, s. rampion, rapuntium.—Gerard's Herball.Ranke, 53/17, adj. strong, rank.Ranker, 10/6, s. ill-feeling, quarrelling.Raskabilia, 10/54, s. packs of rascals. Cf. Mid. Eng. rascaille. "Rascalye, or symple puple, plebs."—Prompt. Parv.Ratling, 19/34, s. the rattle.Rawing, 16/25, s. the aftermath of a Meadow Water.—T.R. "Raweyne, hey, fenum serotinum."—Prompt. Parv. See also Rowen.Reame, 3/3, s. kingdom, country. O. Fr. realme, reaume.Reasnable, 10/14, adj. fair, equitable, reasonable.Reastie, 20/2, adj. rusty, rancid. "Reest as flesche, rancidus."—Prompt. Parv. "I reast, I waxe ill of taste, as bacon."—Palsgrave. See Wedgwood, s.v. Reasty.Recken, 10/43, v. to compute, count. Redele, page 3, s. riddle. "Rydel or probleme, enigma."—Prompt. Parv. A.S. r?delse.Reeded, 51/5, pp. thatched with reeds.Reeding, 2/10, s. reading, study. A.S. rÉdan.Reeke, 10/24, v. smoke. A.S. rÊcan.Refraine, 48/1, v. stop, prevent.Rehersed, 45/1, pp. mentioned, named. Fr. rehercer, properly to go over again like a harrow (Fr. herce) over a ploughed field.Reisons, 34/21, s. pl. currants. "Raysouns of Corante."—Pegge's Forme of Cury, ed. 1780, p. 16.Relent, 23/11, v. become soft.Rendrit, 24, v. = render it, i.e. return, requite it.Rent, 55/7, pp. torn, plucked.Rept, 18/43, pp. reaped, gained.Resdue, 48/19, s. residue, remainder. Fr. rÉsidu. Lat. residuum.Respe, 15/27, Respies, 44/12, s. Raspberries.Respit, 70/4, s. rest, respite.Restfull, 106/2, adj. full of rest, resting.Retcheles, 10/23, adj. reckless, careless. A.S. recceleas.Reuengement, 9/18, s. revenge.Rew, 45/18, s. rue.Rife, 98/1, adj. abundant, common.Rifle, 17/14, s. "a rifle or ruffle is no more than a bent stick standing on the butt of a sithe-handle."—T.R. Now called a bale.Rigging, 16/37, pr. p. making free with, knocking about.Rigs, 15/37, v. pr. t. make free with.Ringle, 33/54, v. imp. ring, put rings through the snouts.Ringling, 16/32, v. ringing of swine to prevent their tearing up the ground.Riping, 37/7, ripening.Rikes, 53/10, s. pl. ricks. A.S. hreac, a heap.Rise, 40/5a, s. rice.Rishes, 75/6, s. pl. rushes. A.S. risce. Lat. ruscum.Riuet, 19/16, s. bearded wheat. "Dog-wheat, a bearded species, called in Mark-lane, rivets."—Forby.Rode, 57/36, s. harbour.Roinish, 102/1, adj. mean, rough, coarse. Fr. rogneux. "The roynish clown."—Shakspere, As You Like It, ii. 2.Roister like, 98/3, blustering. "They ruffle and roist it out." Harrison's Eng. ed. F. J. Furnivall, New Shakspere Soc. Pt. I, p. 77. "This is the very royster that gagg'd and bound me, Sir."—The Reformation, 1673.Rokat, 40/13, s. garden rocket. Fr. roquette. Eruca sativa.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.Roong, 15/29, pp. have rings put through their noses to prevent them from tearing up the ground.Roperipe, 92/3, s. one old enough to be flogged. "Deserving of hanging."—Howell, 1660.Roste, 63/19, s. rule the roste = domineer, have the sway. According to Richardson equivalent to "rule the roost," an expression of which every farm yard would supply an explanation.Rottenly, 18/11, adj. rich, crumbly.Roule, 17/8, s. a rule, measure.Roules, 10/54, v. roll in, bring in.Rowe, 36/12, s. row, a rowe = in a row.Rowen, 57/25, aftermath of mown meadows. "Rowen is a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green."—Bailey's Dict. See Rawing above, and Rawings in Ray's Gloss.Rowleth, 46/15, v. pr. t. roll. O. Fr. roler, Ger. rollen, from Lat. rotulare.Rubstone, 17/14, s. a sandstone for a scythe. "The rub or buckle stone which husbandmen doo occupie in the whetting of their sithes."—Harrison, Description of England, Pt. 2, p. 64.Rudenes, 2/9, s. want of refinement, plainness, homeliness.Ruffen, 98/3, s. ruffian, scoundrel.Runciuall peas, 41/9, s. pl. marrow-fat peas. Supposed to be derived from Span. Roncesvalles, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, where gigantic bones of old heroes were pretended to be shown; hence the name was applied to anything of a size larger than usual.Runnagate, 77/17, runaway. "White-livered runagate."—Shakspere, Richard III. iv. 4.Runt-wood, page 84, footnote 8, s. stumps of underwood. "Neither young poles nor old runts are suitable for building."—Holland.Rydgis, 16/9, s. pl. ridges. S.Sad, 17/12, adj. disappointed, vexed.Saddle, 35/37, s. the saddle, riding. We still say "a saddle horse," "a cart horse," meaning a horse for riding or carting.Saile, 114/23, s. sail, beare low saile = to live humbly or economically. "Than bear so low a sail, to strike to thee."—Shakspere, 3 Hen. VI. v. 1. Cf. also 3 Henry VI. iii. 3.Sallets, 40/1, s. pl. salads.Sallow, 22/26, s. a species of willow. A.S. salig.Salue, 4/2, s. ointment, salve.Sampire, 40/6, s. samphire. Crithmum marinum.—Gerard's Herball, 1633. "Half way down,
Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade."
—Shakspere, Lear, iv. 6.Sauer, 10/10, s. scent, inkling.Sauer, 77/3, a person to look after and see that things are not wasted.Sauerie, 39/35, s. savoury. Fr. savorÉe. Lat. satureja.Sauerlie, 9/3, adj. frugal, gained by saving.Sauin, 45/22, s. savin. Juniperus sabina, Linn.Sawsie, 114/35, adj. saucy, impudent.Saxefrage, 44/13, s. saxifrage. Lat. saxifraga, from saxum, a rock, and frango, to break, being supposed to disintegrate the rocks, in the crevices of which it grows, and thence to dissolve stone in the bladder. Called in Scotland Thirlstane, which has the same meaning.Scaberd, 102/2, s. scabbard.Scamble, 51/7, v. scramble for.Scant, 56/52, adj. scarce, wanting.Scant, 114/24, adv. scarcely. So in Bacon's "Table of Coulers," I. "The Epicure that will scant indure the Stoic to be in sight of him." Cf. also Romeo and Juliet, i. 2.Scanted, 2/14, adj. limited, stinted, grudged. Cf. also note E317.Scape, 97/1, v. escape, get off.Scare, 56/13, v. imp. drive away.Scotch, 33/17, v. pr. t. cut, hew.Scoutwatch, 10/19, s. watch, guard.Scowles, 10/23, v. pr. t. scowls, frowns, is ill-tempered.Scrall, 49/c, v. pr. t. crawl. "To scrall, stir, motito—Coles' Lat. Dict. "And the river shall scral with frogs."—Wiclif, Exodus viii. 3.Scrauling, 49/9, pr. p. crawling.Scruplenes, page 4, s. scruples, scrupulousness. Lat. scrupulus, a little stone such as may get into a traveller's shoe and distress him; hence, a source of doubt or distress.Sea holie, 40/17, s. sea-hulfer, sea-holm; a plant of the genus Eryngium (E. maritimum). A.S. hulfer, holly.Sealed, 17/18, adj. certified, stamped.Seame, 21/2, s. a quarter of corn. A.S. seam.Secresie, 9/20, s. secrets, private concerns.Sedge collars, 17/12, s. pl. collars made of sedge or reeds.Seede, 51/12, v. obtain seed from.Seede cake, 90/7, "a festival so called at the end of wheat-sowing in Essex and Suffolk, when the village is to be treated with seed cakes, pasties, etc."—Warton.Seeith, 19/41, v. imp. boil.Seeke, 10/24, v. seek, "their dinners to seeke" = their dinners have to be sought, i.e. are lacking.Seelie, 48/21, adj. silly, simple. A.S. sÆlig. O. L. Ger. salig.Seene, 95/1, adj. practised, experienced. "Its a schoolmaster
Well seen in music."
—Shakspere, Taming of Shrew, i. 2.Seene, 106/16, v. pt. t. appeared. Lat. visus est.Seeth, 78/5, v. imp. boil.Seeue, 17/3, s. sieve, sifter.Seggons, 85/6, s. pl. poor labourers. "Seg-head, a blockhead."—Craven Cf. Segger, Chester Plays, ii. 51.Sell, 114/21, s. cell, abbey.Semsters, 86/7, s. pl needlewomen, seamstresses. A.S. seamestre.Seruice-trees, 34/24, s. pl. more correctly spelt Servise-tree, from Lat. cervisia, its fruit having from ancient times been used for making a fermented liquor, a kind of beer.Seruiture, 99/1, s. servant, attendant.Set, 36/25, v. imp. plant round, set.Set, 35/45, s. the young shoots.Setteth, 10/60, v. pr. t. risks. "Setteth his soule upon sixe or on seauen" = "risks his soul on the cast of a die."Seuer, 15/40, v. imp. separate, sort.Seuerall, title, adj. inclosed land, divided into fields by fences. L. Lat. separalis.Sewe, 15/17, v. imp. drain. Cf. sewer. Welsh, sych, dry. Cf. Lat. siccus. See Pegge's Kenticisms.Shackles, 17/21, s. pl. shackles. A.S. scacul. Dutch, schakel, a link of a chain.Shack time, 16/30, s. the time during which the shaken-out grain remains on the ground after harvest. "Shack, Norfolk, a general common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time. To go at shack, to go at large."—Coles' Dict. 1676. Brockett's Glossary gives: "Shack, shak, to shed, or shake, as corn in harvest. Then shack-fork, a shake-fork." "Shacking-time, the season when malt is ripe."—Kersey's Eng. Dict. 1715. Wedgwood (Eng. Etym.) says: "Shack is the shaken grain remaining on the ground when the gleaning is over, the fallen mast (Forby). Hence to shack, to turn pigs or poultry into the stubble field to feed on the scattered grain. Shack, liberty of winter pasturage, when the cattle are allowed to rove over the tillage land." Forby gives "Shack, sb. the acorns or mast under the trees." Compare the provincial "Shucks," the pods or shells from which peas have been shaken, or, as it is frequently called, "shook."Share, 52/1, v. shear.Shares, 17/10, s. plough shares.Sharing, 17/16, adj. shearing.Shaue, 17/6, s. spokeshave.Sheawd, 102/7, pp. shown, displayed.Shed, 57/7, v. lose the grains of corn.Sheepebiter, 64/17, s. a thief, lit. a wolf, a cant phrase. See Halliwell, s.v.Shent, 57/45, pp. ruined, disgraced. A.S. scendan.Shere, 3/7, s. shire, county. A.S. scire.Shift, 9/39, v. manage, fare.Shift, 104/1, s. excuse, makeshift.Shifting, 95/5, adj. changing, often removing.Shifting, 10/27, 10/34, v. trickery, cheating, acting shiftingly.Shiftingly, 9/26, adv. by tricks or mean shifts.Shock, 56/20, s. a certain number of bundles or sheaves of corn (in some parts twelve). "A shocke of wheate, meta tritici."—Withal's Dict. 1608.Shock, 57/10, v. imp. collect into shocks or heaps of twelve sheaves.Shod, 17/6, pp. tired.Sholue, 17/1, s. shovel.Shoo, 102/2, s. pl. shoes. A.S. sceo, a shoe, pl. sceon.Shot, 114/40, s. expense, reckoning.Showreth out, 14/3, v. pr. t. is showery, rainy weather.Shreaw, 16/17, s. thief, rascal, 67/24, s. shrew, scold. See Shrew.Shred pies, 31/3, s. pl. mince pies, the meat being cut up into shreds. A.S. screÂdan, small pieces. "No matter for plomb-porridge or shrid pies."—Sheppard's Epigrams, 1651.Shrew, 64*/6, s. scold. "Shrewe, pravus. Schrewyd, pravatus, depravatus."—Prompt. Parv.Shroftide, 90/3, s. Shrove Tuesday, the day before the first day of Lent.Shrouing, 90/3, s. to be merry, probably derived from the sports and merriment of Shrovetide. See Halliwell, s.v. Shrove.Shut, v. 51/5, shoot, throw; 37/13, shoot out, spring up.Sieth, 35/25, s. scythe. A.S. siÐe.Siethes, 39/39, s. pl. chives, spelt in Hollyband's Dict. 1593, sieves, from Fr. cive, Allium fissile, L.Sirops, 91/3, s. pl. sirups.Siszers, 17/4, s. scissors.Sithe, 17/14, s. scythe.Skare, 2/7, v. frighten. Icel. skirra = to drive away.Skared, 69/4, pp. frightened, cheated of.Skavel, 17/19, s. a kind of spade, having its sides slightly turned up, used in draining, and cleaning narrow ditches. Compare scuffle, a garden hoe, and shovel.Skep, 17/3, s. a basket made of rushes or straw.Skill, 114/38, s. plan, design.Skillesse, 113/4, adj. simple, homely.Skirrets, 40/19, s. pl. the water-parsnip. Sium latifolium, contracted from skirwort, its older name, a corruption of sugar-wort. Ger. zucker-wurzel.Skreene, 90/2, s. fire-screen. See note E453.Skreine, 17/16, s. sieve, screen. O. Fr. escrein.Skuppat, 17/19, s. a spade used in draining and making narrow ditches. Belgian schup, a spade.Skuttle, 17/16, s. a screen for cleaning corn, i.e. a large broad and shallow shovel for casting threshed corn from one side of the barn to the other that light grains and dust may fall short.Slab, 15/35, s. the outside cut of sawn timber.Slabbered, 48/20, pp. dirtied, beslobbered. L. Ger. and Dut. slabbern.Slained, 106/15, pp. slain, murdered, but perhaps we should read stained.Slake, 1/4, v. to slacken.Slapsauce, 98/2, s. "a parasite."—Minsheu. "A lickedish, a lickerish fellow, a slapsawce."—Nomenclator, 1585. *Slapt, 72e, pp.Slea, 107/3, v. slay, kill. A.S. slean.Sled, 17/11, s. sledge, truck. Ger. and Dutch slede. Icel. sledi. A.S. slidan, to slide.Slept, 90/1, pp. slipt, forgotten, omitted.Slise, 35/20, v. imp. slice, cut.Sliuers, 23/1, s. pl. pieces of split wood, chips. A.S. slifan.Slugging, 75/1, s. lying late in bed.Sluts, 75/5, s. pl. slovens, slatterns. Ger. schlutte. Dutch slet.Smack, 57/24, a pleasant repast.Smalach, 45/20, s. celery, or water parsley. The small ache or parsley as compared with the hipposelinum or great parsley.Small nuts, 34/22, Smalnut, 33/57, s. hazel nuts.Snag dragons, 43/30, s. pl. snapdragons, so called from its corolla resembling the snap or snout. Dut. sneb of some animal. Called by Lyte "Calf's snowte."Snorting, 9/16, adj. snoring, sleepy. A.S. snora, a snoring.Snudgeth, 62/2, v. pr. t. is economical or saving, or, works quietly or snugly. In Lanc. snidge. A.S. snid. Danish snedig, cunning. 'Thus your husbandrye, methincke, is much more like the life of a covetous snudge, that ofte very evill proves, then the labour of a goode husbande, that knoweth well what he doth."—Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 6.Sockle, 35/30, v. imp. suckle, provide with milk.Sod, 22/27, pp. boiled.Soketh, 19/2, v. pr. t. wets, soaks.Soles, 17/21, s. pl. a collar of wood, put round the neck of cattle to confine them to the post.Sollen, 89/13, adj. sullen, sulky.Soller, 57/5, s. garret, loft, or upper room. "Solarium, an upper room, chamber, or garret which in some parts of England is still called a sollar."—Kennett, Gloss. p. 134.Sooth, 10/61, v. to flatter.Sops in wine, 43/31, s. a kind of pink resembling a carnation; the clove pink. "The rose and speckled flowre cald sops-in-wine."—The Affectionate Shepheard, 1594.Sorell, 39/36, s. sorrell. Fr. surelle, a dimin. from L. Ger. suur = sour, from the acidity of the leaves. Rumex acetosa, L.Sost, 48/20, pp. dirty, foul. "Of any one that mixes several slops, or makes any place wet or dirty, we say in Kent, he makes a soss."—Kennett MS.Souse, 12/5, s. pig's feet and ears pickled.Soutage, 57/51, s. bagging for hops, or coarse cloth. See More's MS. Additions to Ray's North Country Gloss.Southly, 16/20, adv. facing the south.Sowce, 19/37, v. imp. steep in brine, pickle.Sower, 35/51, adj. sour.Spare, 113/3, v. economize, be sparing.Spareth, 10/35, v. pr. t. are economical, save.Spars, 33/16, s. pl. rafters.Speedfull, 52/13, adj. useful, profitable.Speeding, 2/10, s. progress, success.Speered, 84/5, pp. sprouted, a term in malting. "I spyer as corne dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype, je espie."—Palsgrave.Spent, 15/41, pp. used, consumed.Sperage, 40/18, s. asparagus. Lemery in his Treatise on Foods, 1704, gives as the etymology: ab aspergendo, sprinkling, because 'tis convenient to water them!Spials, 64/12, s. pl. spies. Fr. Épier. O. Fr. espier, whence our espy, spy. Low Lat. espia.Spide, 2/9, v. pr. t. beheld, saw.Spight, 57/13, s. as a spite or grief to.Spight, 97/6, v. spite, be unpropitious.Spil, 102/6, v. pr. t. spoil, ruin.Spilled, 50/6, Spilt, 56/54, pp. ruined, spoilt. A.S. spillan.Spring, 48/11, s. young buds of felled underwood.Spurlings, 12/5, s. pl. smelts. "Spurlin, a smelt, Fr. esperlan."—Skinner. Sparling, smelts of the Thames.—Brockett's N. C. Glossary. "First a sprat, then a small sparling, then a sparling."—R. Holme, p. 325.Squatteth, 16/38, v. pr. t. sit or crouch down. Welsh yswatian, to squat, lie flat.Squier, 10/57, s. squire, gentleman.Stadled, 48/8, pp. "to stadle a Wood is to leave at certain distances a sufficient number of young trees to replenish it."—T.R.Staddles, 47/9, Stadles, 48/9, s. pl. young growing trees left after cutting underwood.Staid, 2/8, v. pt. t. kept, detained.Staie, 10/7, s. means of support.Staie, 19/40, v. prevent, stop.Staied, 60/9, adj. steady, staid.Stalfed, 21/11, adj. stall-fattened.Stamp, 18/48, v. imp. bruise, pound.Stands thee upon, 10/39, are suitable, proper for. To stand a person on is to be incumbent upon him, it is his duty.—Wilbraham, Gloss. of Cheshire Words, 1818.Star of Bethlehem, 43/34, s. Star of Bethlehem. Ornithogalum umbellatum, a bulbous plant having a white star-like flower, like pictures of the stars that indicated Our Lord's birth.Star of Jerusalem, 43/35, s. perhaps sunflower or turn-sole. Ital. girasole, familiarized into Jerusalem.Stay, 114/31, s. rest, quiet.Steade, 63/3, s. in steade = to advantage. *Stede, 19, v. suffice, profit.Steelie, 19/12, adj. hard, firm.Steepe, 46/6, adj. a steepe = steeply.Steeres, 36/8, s. pl. oxen in their third year. A.S. steor.Sterue, 103/4, v. starve, perish. A.S. steorfan. *Steruelings, 50, s. pl. half-starved animals.Stick, 16/34, v. imp. to stick boards = to arrange them neatly one upon another with sticks between.—T.R.Still, 33/53, v. imp. quiet, stop from growing.Still, 44/1, v. distill.Still, 50/33, s. a still. Lat. stilla, a drop.Stinted, 95/4, pp. appointed, settled.Stirre, 77/6, v. move quickly, bestir herself.Stitchwort, 45/23, s. stitchwort, chickweed, Stellaria media, Linn.Stocke gilleflowers, 43/36, s. now shortened to stock, from stock, the trunk or woody stem of a tree or shrub, added to gilliflower to distinguish it from plants of the pink tribe, called, from their scent, Clove-gilleflowers.Stocks, 22/13, s. pl. young trees.Stoutnes, 9/9, s. force.Stouer, 20/16, s. winter food for cattle, fodder from thrashed corn, whether straw, chaff, or colder (broken ears of corn), from the Old French estavoir, estovoir, estouvier, A.N. estovers, or estouvoir, which denotes, according to Roquefort (Glossaire de la langue Romane), 'provision de tout ce qui est nÉcessaire.'Strangenes, 3/1, s. strangeness.Strawforke, 17/1, s. a pitchfork.Strawisp, 19/38, s. wisps of straw.Streight waies, 114/8, adv. at once.Strike, 16/9, v. pr. t. striking is the last ploughing before the seed is committed to the earth.—M.Strike, 17/1, s. a bushel measure. "Robert Webb of Shottre oweth me iiijs. iiijd. lent hym in money for making ix strycke and a half of malt."—Will of John Cocks of Stratford-on-Avon, dated May 27th, 1600.Stripe, 57/5, s. "beating upon a Hurdle or some other rough thing."—T.R.Stroieng, 48/17, s. destruction, injury. O. Fr. (de)struire. Lat. struere.Stroken, 35/31, pp. stroked, kindly treated.Strowing, 42/1, adj. for strewing.Stroyal, 10/23, s. waste all, wasteful.Stub, 35/9, s. stump, buie at the stub = buy on the ground. A.S. stybb, allied to Lat. stipes.Stub, 33/47, v. imp. grub up. "And badd hym take a mattock anon,
And stubbe the olde rote away,
That had stonde there many a day."
—MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 129.Stud, 33/16, s. the uprights in a lath and plaster wall. "In manie places there are not above foure, six, or nine inches between stud and stud."—Harrison, Pt. I, p. 233.Stur, 62/6, v. move about, exert.Sturs, 63/16, s. pl. disturbances, commotions.Substanciallie, 9/23, adv. in reality, truly.Subtiltie, 9/17, s. cunning, artfulness, deceit.Sucker, 23/4, s. assistance, help, succour.Suckerie, 91/2, Suckery, 39/38, s. succory, the wild endive, chicory. Fr. chicorÉe, often replaced by fraudulent dealers with dandelion roots, Cichorium Intybus, L.Sudgerne, 10/8, v. settle down. Fr. sojourner. Cf. Barbour's Bruce, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Skeat, 6/26, 16/47, and 20/356.Suer, 84/3, adj. sure, careful. O. Fr. seur, segur. Lat. securus.Suerty, 9/24, s. being security or surety.Suite, 18/49, s. description, kind.Suretie, 10/28, s. security, bail.Swage, 114/26, v. assuage.Swatches, 57/18, s. pl. rows or ranks of barley, etc.Swathes, 55/2, s. pl. the line of grass or corn cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing. Cotgrave gives: "Gerber des javelles to bind corne of swath into sheaues, to sheaue vp corne." "Foeni striga. Monceaux de foin par ordre. The swathe or strake of grasse, as it lyeth mowne downe with the sithe."—Nomenclator.Sweate, 56/20, s. a sweating, i.e. feel the effects of the heat.Sweete Johns, 43/33, s. a species of Dianthus or pink, called also Sweet John's-wort.Swerue, 96/42, s. fail, depart.Swill, 78/5, s. hog's-wash.Swim, 10/59, v. to abound, to overflow.Swinge, 52/16, v. imp. cut down with the long swinging scythe used for that purpose. T.Tack, 12/3, Tacke, 76/3, s. substance. A tough piece of meat is said to have plenty of tack in it.Taile, 77/8, s. back.Taint wormes, 65/3, s. pl. "A small red spider called taint is by the country people accounted a deadly poison to cows and horses."—Sir T. Browne.Tale, 83/4, s. tally, reckoning.Talent, 59/9, s. the gifts and powers entrusted by God. Of course the reference is to the Parable.Tallie, 78/2, s. score, bill, charge.Tallwood, 53/12, s. wood cut for billets. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of, taillee."—Palsgrave.Tampring, 17/16, v. tempering, mixing, thus the Bible speaks of "untempered mortar."Tane, 66/1, pp. taken.Tanzie, 39/40, s. tansy, Tanacetum vulgare, Linn.Tapple up taile, 21/14. See note E125.Tarie, 16/11, v. delay, keep back.Tarragon, 40/21, s. tarragon. Tragum vulgare.—Gerard's Herball. Used for perfuming vinegar in France. O. Fr. targon.Tarrie, 85/1, v. wait for, await.Tawnie, 43/3, adj. yellowish.Ted, 54/1, v. to spread abroad new-cut grass. "I teede hay, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes, je fene."—Palsgrave.Tedder, 10/9, s. tether, "live within one's tether" = "within the limits of one's income."Teddered, 16/33, pp. tethered, tied up.Teemes, 58/6, s. pl. teams.Tell, 50/30, v. imp. count.Temmes lofe, 16/11, s. "that made of a mixture of wheat and rye out of which the coarser bran is taken."—T.R. "Miche, a fine manchet; the country people of France call so also a loafe of boulted bread or tems bread."—Cotgrave.Temper, 91/2, s. condition.Tend, 10/39, v. imp. attend.Tendance, 56/53, s. attention, care.Tendeth, 62/3, v. pr. t. attends to, looks after.Tere, 19/30, s. tares.Thacke, 53/12, s. thatch, roof covering. "Erige, holme or thacke."—Huloet, 1552. "Thakke, tegmen, tectura."—Vocab. MS.Thacker, 36/24, s. thatcher. "A proud thacker of Theeva would laugh them to scorn."—Pilkington's Works, 381.Thee, 10/8, v. thrive, prosper. "A very late example of this word; at this time it was nearly obsolete. A.S. thÉon, to thrive, flourish. "God that sittis in trinite,
Gyffe thaym grace wel to the
That lystyns me a whyle."
—MS. Cantab., Ff. v. 48, f. 47.Theeuerie, 86/12, s. dishonesty.Thencrease, 21/2, for the encrease = the increase, gain.Thend, 19/40, for "the end."Thetch, 57/32, s. thatch.Thicker, 74/2, adv. more frequently.Thies, 49/c, s. pl. thighs, limbs. A.S. theoh. Icel. thio.Thiller, 17/4, the shaft-horse, also the last horse in a team. A.S. thil, a pole or shaft. "Thylle horse, veredus."—Prompt. Parv.Thoes, 19/40, pr. those.Thon, 110, the one.Thorow, 15/15, v. pass through.Thother, 110, the other.Thresh, 90/3, v. imp. whip, thrash.Thresher, 86/13, s. a duster of furniture.Thrift, page 3, s. fortune, success, prosperity. Icel. thrif.Thriftie, 59/1, adj. thrifty, economical.Thrift's ladder, 57/30, s. the ladder or road to fortune.Thry-fallowing, 56/1, s. "the third fallow; perhaps also cross-fallowing."—Mavor. "The third plowing of a summer fallow."—T.R.Thwack, 18/3, v. imp. thump, beat together.Tiburne stretch, 114/35, an execution. See note E498.Tide, 63/2, pp. tied, fastened.Tidie, 57/22, adj. "An old word signifying neat, proper, or in season, from the word Tide."—T.R.Tieth, 56/19, s. tithe.Tilman, 16/4, s. farm labourers, ploughmen, etc.Tilth, 4/2, s. tillage, cultivation. A.S. tilÐ, from tilian, to till.Tilth, 47/2, the ground tilled.Tilture, 38/21, s. tillage, cultivation.Time, 39/41, s. thyme. ???? [Greek: thymos], from ??? [Greek: thuo], fumigate, and identical with Lat. fumus, from its being used in sacrifices.Timelie, 55/9, adv. in time.Timely, 16/19, adv. early, soon.Tine, 50/18, s. wild vetch or tare, a plant that tines or encloses and imprisons other plants. Vicia hirsuta.Tith, 56/12, s. tithe.Tithers, 10/52, s. pl. payers of tithes.Tithing, 10/52, s. paying tithes or dues.Tits, 15/6, s. pl. horses. The phrase "a nice tit" is still in use.Titters, 50/18, s. pl. a noxious weed amongst corn.Tittle tattle, 22/3, chattering, gossipping.To, 18/6, prep. for, as.Tode, with an R, 62/17, s. See note E384.Toesed, 114/5, pp. pulled, pinched. Cf. "to tease, or card wool." A.S. tÆsan, to pull, pluck.Toieng, 61/1, pr. p. playing, amusing ourselves.Toies, 57/34, s. pl. amusements, occupations.Toile, 2/11, s. labour, work.Tolleth, 55/12, v. pr. t. takes toll.Ton ... tother, 55/8, the one ... the other.Tone, 10/10, the one.Tooteth, 94/2, v. pr. t. looks or strives anxiously. "Tooting and prying."—Taylor's Workes, 1630, i. 119.Toppingly, 49/1, adj. ?Tost, 2/11, v. pt. t. agitated, harassed. Cf. tease.Touch, 57/43, s. faith, honour, to keep touch, to keep faith, perform a promise. The phrase occurs in the Ballad of "George Barnwell," line 42.Traie, 17/16, s. a mason's hod.Traine, 32/2, s. draw. Fr. trainer, from L. Lat. trahinare, from Lat. trahere.Transpose, 59/10, v. arrange, dispose of.Trauell, page 2, s. labour, work. Fr. travail.Trauerse, 59/2, v. start upon, proceed upon.Treachery, 9/27, s. breach of faith, perfidy.Treene, 85/10, adj. wooden.Trew, 113/2, adj. true.Trick, 15/35, adj. neat, clean, tidy.Tricketh, 94/5, v. pr. t. dresses up, furnishes.Trickly, 73/3, adj. neat, tidy.Trim, 23/9, v. repair.Trim, 3/2, adv. quickly, at once, easily. A.S. trum.Trimlie, 57/34, adv. neatly, cleanly.Trinkets, 17/5, s. pl. porringers (Halliwell), Ray gives: counterfeits and trinkets, s. pl. porringers and saucers. Cheshire. See note in Prompt. Parv.Triue, 59/2, v. pr. t. (for contrive), attempt, try.Troffe, 17/9, s. a trough.Trope, 28/2, s. a phrase. From Greek t??p?? [Greek: tropos], a turning, lit., the use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it.Troth, 1/1, s. truth. See an article on the derivation of this word in "Leaves from a Word Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, 1876, p. 73.Trowleth, 59/6, v. pr. t. helps on, moves towards. Welsh troliaw, to troll or trundle.Trudge, 73/20, v. go, be spent.Trudgeth, 10/21, v. pr. t. labours, journey's far.Trull, 36/4, s. girl, lass.Trustilie, 9/22. adv. confidingly.Tullie, 112/5, Cicero.Tumb, 106/15, s. the tomb, grave.Tumbrel, 16/7, s. a tumbril, a dung-cart.Turfe, 52/12, s. turf, peat. "Turfe of flagge, swarde of the erthe, cespes."—Prompt. Parv. "A Turfe, cespes."—Cathol. Angl.Turnebroch, 80/2, s. Before the introduction of jacks, spits were turned either by dogs trained for the purpose, or by lads kept in the family, or hired, as occasion arose, to turn the spit, or broach. These boys were the Turn-broaches. See Halliwell.Turn up, 46/18, v. deck, ornament.Twelftide, 90/2, s. Twelfth Day, i.e. January 6th, twelve days after Christmas. "At the city of New Sarum is a very great faire for cloath at Twelftyde called Twelfe Market."—Aubrey's Wilts. MS. Roy. Soc. p. 333.Twifallow, 50/23, v. imp. till twice, plough twice. See Thry-fallowing.Twiggers, 35/28, s. pl. first-class breeders. See Halliwell, s.v.Twigging, 35/28, s. fast breeding.Twinlings, 35/28, s. pl. twins (according to Dr. Mavor, but see note E177).Twinning, 35/28, s. bearing twins.Twise, 59/11, adv. twice.Twitcher, 17/17, s. instruments used for clinching the hog-rings.—Mavor.Twitchis, 53/2, s. pl. wounds, cuts. U.Undeskanted, 10/39, pp. untalked of.Vndooeth, 10/46, v. ruins, destroys.Vnfainedlie, 9/38, adv. unfeignedly, in truth.Vnlustie, 19/24, adj. poor.Vnmeete, 57/5, adj. unfit. A.S. unmÆte.Vnsauerie, 9/15, adj. wasteful, ruinous.Vnshaken, 16/34, adj. perfect, in good order, free from shakes.Vnspilt, 16/8, pp. not wasted.Vntackle, 23/6, v. unyoke.Vntangled, 57/50, pp. freed from the hop vines.Vnthrift, 6/3, s. a prodigal, spendthrift.Vnthriftely, 9/30*, adv. wastefully.Vsher, 10/17, s. doorkeeper. O. Fr. ussier, huissier, from uis, huis, a door. V.Vaine, 18/8, s. liking, fancy.Vainfull, 2/13, adj. vain, fickle.Valerian, 45/24, s. Valerian. Valeriana officinalis, Linn.Vance, 114/7, v. advance.Vantage, 3/7, s. advantage, profit.Vegetiue, 55/7, adj. belonging to the plant.Vent, 19/27, s. sale, disposal. Fr. vente, from Lat. vendere, venditum, to sell. "There is no vent for any commoditie except wool."—Sir W. Temple.Venter, 83/4, v. venture, risk.Ventrest, 19/35, v. pr. t. risk, venture.Vergis, 18/42, s. verjuice, the juice of crab-apples, or other unripe fruit. Fr. verjus, from vert, green and jus, juice.Verie, 92/4, adj. true, real.Verlets, 63/18, s. pl. rascals, scoundrels. O. Fr. varlet, vaslet, now valet.Vermin, 33/7, v. destroy the vermin.Vew, 114/24, s. view, sight.Vewe, 75/7, v. view, examine.Vice, 64/19, s. buffoon. The fool or punchinello of old shows. "Light and lascivious poems, uttered by these buffoons or vices in plays."—Puttenham, ii. 9, p. 69.Villeny, 9/21, s. unfair or mean treatment.Vitleth, 97/1, v. pr. t. eats, dines.Vittels, 57/39, s. pl. provisions, food.Voyd, 64*/4, v. avoid. W.Wadling, 35/45, s. wattling, wattled fence. "Wattles are wood slit."—T.R.Wadmus (? Wadmul), page 37, note 1, a very thick, coarse kind of woollen cloth, made originally of Iceland wool. Icel. vadmÂl. Halliwell, s.v. Wadmal.Wag, 87/3, s. messenger.Waid, 114/40, pp. considered, reflected on.Waieth, 99/5, Waith, 101/5, v. pr. t. considers, reflects.Waight, 56/24, v. pr. t. watch, wait about.Waights, 10/44, s. weights, measures.Waight, 99/1, v. attend or wait at table.Waine, 48/22, v. imp. fetch, bring, lit. to convey in a wain or wagon.Waine, 16/7, s. waggon. A.S. wÆn, wÄgen.Wake day, 90/5, s. a village festival, kept originally on the day of the dedication of the parish church. See note E455.Walke, 48/17, s. pasturing.Wallow, 102/2, v. pr. t. make dirty, cover.Wand, 33/45, v. imp. inclose with poles.Wanteth, 94/8, v. pr. t. is in want.Wantey, 17/5, s. a rope or leathern girdle, by which burdens are tied to the back of a horse; wamb-tie, a belly-band.Wanton, 90/5, s. merry girl. O. E. wantowen, from wan-, prefix signifying lack or want, and togen, pp. of teon, to educate.Wardens, 34/26, s. pl. a large baking pear. "I would have him roasted like a warden."—Beau. and Flet.Warely, 115/2, adv. carefully, warily.Wares, 22/19, s. pl. productions.Warily, 10/34, adv. discreetly, cautiously. A.S. wÆr.Warrener, 33/7, s. the keeper of a warren.Wart, 114/5, v. pr. t. wert, wast.Waster, 79/1, s. wasteful.Water furrow, 19/7, v. imp. draw furrows across the ridges in the lowest part of the ground to act as drains or water-courses. "A watir furre, elix."—Cathol. Anglicum.Water-retting, 16/25, s. retting is the process of steeping flax in water to separate the fibres. "Rettyn tymber, hempe or other like, rigo, infundo."—Prompt. Parv.Wayest, 10/4, v. considerest.Weather, 57/5, v. imp. dry in the open air.Weene, 67/12, v. pr. t. think. A S. wenan.Webster, 15/17, s. a weaver. A.S. webbestre, a female weaver. *Wedehoke, 79, s. a weeding tool.Weeles, 36/31, s. pl. snares or traps for fish made of osiers or twigs. "A weele, a wicker net, wherewith fishes being once entred, there is no way for them to get out; a bow net."—Nomenclator. "There plenty is of roches, bleakes, or eeles,
Which fishermen catche in their nets and weeles."
—Newe Metamorphosis, 1600.Wefte, 84/1, s. a loss.Well a fine, 114/19, to a good end or purpose.Welthines, 10/36, s. plenty, wealth.Wenches, 57/34, s. pl. girls.Wennel, 20/28, s. a calf just weaned. "A lambe, or a kidde, or a weanell wast."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. September.Wether, 90/7, s. weather.Wheat plums, 34/27, s. pl. a large fleshy plum, sometimes called the bastard Orleans plum.Wheele ladder, 17/6, s. "probably a frame on the side of a cart to support hay or corn when the load is to be increased."—Mavor.Whelpe, 95/2, s. child.Whereas, 21/25, adv. wherever.Whight, 15/12, adj. white.Whinnes, 53/12, s. pl. whin, furze.Whipstock, 21/14, s. the handle of a whip. "Bought you a whistle, and a whip-stalk too,
To be revenged on their villainies."
—Span. Tragedy, iii. 180.Whist, 64*/10, v. be silent, be hushed. "Keepe the whisht, and thou shalt heare it the sooner."—Terence in Eng. 1641.Whit, 2/4, s. a point, no whit, not in the slightest degree. A.S. wiht, a creature, thing. Gothic waiht.Whitch, 35/6, which sort.Whit leather, 17/4, s. leather dressed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its pliability and toughness. "I think I'm as hard as a nut, and as tough as whit-leather."—Howitt.Whitemeat, Whitmeat, 47/20, s. eggs, milk, butter, cheese, etc.Wicket, 77/9, s. mouth.Wight, 3/6, s. person, man. A.S. wiht. Gothic waiht.Wild otes fantasie, 9/30*, the fancies or excesses of youth. Cf. "sowing his wild oats."Wiles, 114/18, s. pl. tricks, deceits.Wilfull, 35/4, adj. ready, hasty.Wimble, 17/6, s. auger. "An auger or wimble, wherwith holes are bored, terebra and terebrum."—Baret's Aluearie, 1580. Gimlet is the dimin. from wimble.Wine, 51/21, v. imp. win, make to please.Wit, 16/3, s. sense, good judgment. A.S. witt.Wither, 57/20, v. dry.Wonne, 75/3, pp. managed, made up.Wood, 13/5, adj. mad. A.S. wod.Woodrofe, 44/17, s. sweet woodruff, Asperula odorata. A.S. wudurÔfe.Woodsere, 51/6, s. the month or season for cutting wood; but see next word. "If wood be cut after the sunne decline from us till he come to the equinoctial (which time they call woodsere), it will never grow againe."—Heydon, Def. of Astrology, 1603.Woodsere, 53/15, s. "By woodsere is meant decayed or hollow Pollards."—T.R.; but in his note to this passage he says, "Woodsere is the season of felling wood."—T.R.Woorser, 10/32, Worser, 63/15, adv. worse, a double comparative. A.S. wyrsa.Woorth, 113/7, s. in worth = for what I am worth, i.e. as I can, what I can get.Wot, 94/4, v. pr. t. ye know not what, an indefinite expression.Wote, 10/21, v. pr. t. know. A.S. witan; pt. t. Ic wat, I know.Wounder, 2/2, s. wounder, slayer. A.S. wundian, to wound.Wrall, 101/4, v. pr. t. quarrel.Wraught, 114/35, pp. supplied, furnished.Wrauling, 92/1, s. quarrelling.Wrecke, 115/2, v. wreak, vent. A.S. wrecan.Wrest, 11/1, v. turn, force away.Wrest, 10/61, v. steal away, plunder.Wresting, 89/13, s. struggling for, fighting for.Wright, 68/1, v. write.Wringer, 2/13, s. extortioner.Write, 86/10, v. imp. mark, write the name on.Wud, 33/16, s. wood. A.S. wudu.Wull, 35/21, s. wool. A.S. wull. Gothic wulla. Y.Yarn, 21/13, v. pr. t. earn. A.S. gearnian.Yeane, 33/21, v. bring forth young. A.S. eanian.Yeerlie, 63/21, adv. ? = yarely, readily. A.S. gearu. O. L. Ger. garu.Yerke, 64*/9, v. kick, wince. "They flirt, they yerk, they backward fling."—Drayton. "Tire, a kick, yark, jerk, jert."—Cotgrave. |
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