-6.htm.html#Page_193" class="pginternal">193, 194;

privileges and immunities of, 92;

partition of Africa by, 103;

convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111;

jurisdiction of, over foreign-born subjects, 123, 124;

citizens of, in China, 131;

volunteer navy of, 255;

sale of French forests by, 261;

application of, to transport wounded across Belgium, 287;

law of, as to prize money, 327.

Gift, as a means of acquiring territory, 100.

Good offices, settlement of disputes by resorting to, 218.

Government of armies of United States, 331–365.

Grant, President, recognition of France by, 45;

• proclamation of, as to belligerent vessels leaving United States ports, 291, 292.

Great Britain, diplomatic papers of, 34;

• protectorates of, 52, 53;
• power of, over various companies, 54, 55;
• recognition of belligerency by, 60;
• relations of, to treaty of Utrecht, 76;
• difference of, with Venezuela, 78;
• intervention of, in affairs of Denmark, 80;
• relation of, to balance of power, 83;
• one of the Great Powers, 90;
• attitude of, at the congress of Troppau, 90;
• Verona, 91;
• cession of Horse-shoe Reef by, to United States, 100;
• sale of territory to, by Netherlands, 101;
• partition of Africa by, 103;
• treaty of, with France as to enclosed waters, 108;
• convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111;
• attitude of, as to the three-mile limit, 112–114;
• treaties of, as to Canadian fisheries, 114–116;
• Bering Sea, 116, 117;
• territorial waters jurisdiction act of, 120;
• jurisdiction of, over foreign-born subjects, 123;
• attitude of, as to naturalization, 127;
• jurisdiction of, over aliens, 131;
• immunities of diplomatic agents of, 180 et seq.;
• protectorate of, over Ionian Islands, 214;
• war of, with the Transvaal, 230;
• volunteer navy of, 256;
• guaranty of, as to Suez Canal, 280;
• neutrality laws of, 283;
• attitude of, as to, Terceira affair, 288;
• Alabama case, 297;
• contraband, 307;
• convoy, 313;
• blockade, 319, 320;
• continuous voyages, 320–324;
• law of, as to prize money, 310–313;
• convoy, 313, 314;
• blockade, 314–319;
• violation of blockade, 319, 320;
• continuous voyages, 320–324;
• prize and prize courts, 324–328.

Internment of belligerent troops, 286, 290.

Interpretation of treaties, 212–214.

Intervention in affairs of other nations, 77–87.

Ionian Islands, protectorate of, 23, 214.

Islands, title to, when formed in rivers, 102.

Italy, one of the Great Powers, 90;

• relation of, to the Triple Alliance, 92;
• partition of Africa by, 103;
• convention of, as to the Suez Canal, 111.

Jackson, President, attitude of, as to the Falkland Islands, 46.

Japan, recognition of, 43, 44;

• jurisdiction of, over aliens, 131, 132;
• freedom of Emperor of, from suit, 136;
• treaty of United States with, as to consular functions, 193;
• termination of treaty of, with China, 215;
• prize law of, 246, 313;
• treaty of peace of, with China, 272;
• attitude of, as to convoy, 314.

Jettison of cargo, 13.

Jurisdiction of states, 69, 94 et seq.;

• of diplomatic agents, 175-182;
• consuls, 193-196;
• over non-combatants, 237;
• neutral territorial, 286-289;
• in case of blockade, 314-324;
• as to prize courts, 325. See International Law.

Jus belli, early international law, 13.

Jus fetiale, defined, 7, 13.

Jus gentium, defined, 7, 14.

Jus inter gentes, defined, 7, 14.

Jus naturale, defined, 6.

Koszta, case of, 129, 130.

Lakes, change in, as affecting territory, 102.

Language used in treaties, 205, 206;

• in diplomacy, 170 n. 3.

Law of nations, term long used, 8.

Laws of Antwerp. See Sea Laws.

Laws of Oleron. See Sea Laws.

Laws of the Rhodians, fragment of, 13.

• See Sea Laws.

Legates, rules as to, 156, et seq.

• See Ambassadors, Diplomatic Agents.

Letter of credence, form of, 164.

Letters, in diplomatic relations, 200, 201.

Letters of marque. See Privateering.

Levies en masse, as combatants, 236, 262.

Liberia, recognition of, 44.

Licenses to trade, 266, 267.

Lien, right of state to enforce, 98.

Lincoln, President, proclamation of, as to blockade, 231, 317 n.

Loans of money, by neutral to belligerent state, 295;

• by citizens of a neutral state, 295.

Luxemburg, neutralization of, 52, 278.

Madagascar, protectorate of, 53.

Mails and mail steamers, under neutral flag, 309.

Marcy, Secretary, as to naturalization, 128.

Mare Clausum, rule of, as to Bering Sea, 116.

Marine League. See Three-mile limit.

Maritime ceremonials, in salutes, 89.

Maritime war. See Neutrality.

Marriage, as affecting nationality, 125;

• performed by diplomatic agent, 172.

McKinley, President, message of, as to Cuba, 85;

• proclamation of as to blockade, 317 n.

Mediation. See Good Offices.

Memoranda, what they are, 171, 200.

Messages, transmission of, 310.

Milan decree of Napoleon, 315.

Military assistance not to be furnished by neutral to belligerent, 293.

Ministers, jurisdiction of Supreme Court as to, 31.

• See Ambassadors, Diplomatic Agents.

Money, as contraband of war, 305.

Monroe Doctrine, history of 77;

position of United States as to, 93.

Monroe, President, author of Monroe Doctrine, 77.

Montenegro, recognition of, 44.

"Most favored nation," what it means in treaties, 213, 214.

Munitions of war, sales of, by neutral, 294.

• See Supplies of war.

Napoleon Bonaparte, relation of, to Monroe Doctrine, 77;

• sale of Louisiana by, 101;
• Berlin decrees of, 222, 315;
• Milan decrees of, 315.

Natural-born subjects, jurisdiction over, 122.

Naturalization, law as to, 125–130.

Naval war code of the United States, 222, 400–416.

Navigation of rivers, 106–108.

Navy, exemption of, from local jurisdiction, 138.

Netherlands, sale of territory by, to Great Britain, 101;

• convention of, as to Suez Canal, 111.

Neutral goods, capture of, 247, 299 et seq.

Neutrality, proclamation of, 60;

• of goods, 247;
• submarine telegraphic cables, 248;
• definition and history of, 275–284;
• laws of United States as to, 283, 296;
• of nations during war between Spain and the United States, 283;
• as to departure of hostile vessels from neutral ports, 291;
• British regulations as to, 291 n.;
• as to direct assistance, 293–295;
• obligations of state, 295–297;
• ordinary commerce in case of, 299–303;
• contraband in ease of, 303–307;
• unneutral service in case of, 308–310;
• visit and search in case of, 310–313;
• convoy in care of, 313, 314;
• blockade, 314–319;
• violation of blockade, 319, 320;
• continuous voyages, 320–324;
• prize and prize courts, 324–328.

Neutrality statutes of United States, 283, 417–420.

Neutralization of states, 51, 52;

• forms of, 277–280.

Non-combatants, who are, 237, 238.

Non-hostile redress, what is, 220.

North Sea fisheries, convention as to, 114.

Notes, what they are, 171, 200, 212.

Notification of blockade, 316, 317.

Nuncios, rules as to, 156 et seq.

• See Ambassadors, Diplomatic Agents.

Occupation, a method of acquiring territory, 98, 99;

• belligerent, 250, 252.

Officers of merchant vessels, status of, 236.

Oleron, laws of. See Sea Laws.

Oriental states, exemption of subjects of Western states in, 139–141.

Oxford Manual, provisions of, 368, 381.

Pacific Blockade, what it is, 223–225.

Paris, treaty of, 206.

Parole, release on, 263.

Passengers, capture of, 258.

Passport, form of, 133;

• of diplomatic agent, 163, 171;
• given in time of war, 266.

Peace of Westphalia, relation of, to the balance of power, 75;

• recognition of diplomacy by, 154, 155;
• preceded by armistice, 272.

Perfidy. See Deceit.

Personal property, status of, in war, 241–244.

Persons, jurisdiction over, 121;

• status of, in war, 235, et seq.

Philippines, sale of, to the United States, 101.

Pillage, prohibition of, 142.

Poison, use of, forbidden in war, 253.

Poland, partition of, 22, 76, 101.

Political refugees. See Right of Asylum.

Ports, neutrality of, 287.

Portugal, partition of Africa by, 103;

• jurisdiction of, as to foreign-born subjects, 123;
• relations of, to Terceira affair, 288.

Postal communication, cartels as to, 265.

Postliminium, what it is, 260.

Prescription, acquisition of territory by, 101, 102.

Prestation. See Angary.

Prisoners of war, treatment of, 262–264;

• exchange of, 265;
• when must be restored, 268;
• treaties as to, 273.

Privateering, history of, 254;

• action of, M. GÊnet as to, 282.

Private international law, of what it treats, 4, 122, 146.

Private property of enemy, capture of, at sea, 247, 300 et seq.;

• inviolability of, on land, 252.

Private vessels, liability of, to capture, 245;

• exemption of, 246.

Prize, courts of, 30;

• disposition of, 258, 259;
• salvage in case of, 260, 261;
• taking of, into neutral waters, 293;
• attitude of Japan as to, 313, 314;
• law of, 324–328;
• procedure as to, in court, 421–429.

Prize courts. See Prize.

Prize law of Japan, 246.

ProcÈs-verbaux. See Protocol.

Proclamation of the United States as to the Declaration of Paris, 33;

• of Queen Victoria as to belligerency, 60;
• of treaties, 209;
• of the United States as to war with Spain, 222;
• of blockade, 230, 231.

President, as to neutrality, 282;

• of nations during war between Spain and the United States, 283, 288;
• as to departure of belligerents on vessels from port, 291.

Projectiles, inflicting unnecessary suffering, 253;

• from balloons, 253.

Promulgation of treaty, 209.

Property, in general, 148, 149;

• of the state, 149;
• of the enemy, status of, 239–244;
• at sea, status of, 245–233, 234;
• persons affected by, 235;
• combatants in, 235–237;
• non-combatants in, 237, 238;
• public property of the enemy in, 239, 240;
• real property of enemy subjects in, 240, 244;
• personal property of enemy subjects in, 241–244;
• vessels, 245, 246;
• goods, 247;
• submarine telegraphic cables, 248, 249;
• belligerent occupation during, 250–252;
• forbidden methods in, 252–254;
• privateers in, 254, 255;
• voluntary and auxiliary navy in, 255, 257;
• capture and ransom in, 257–259;
• postliminium in, 260–262;
• prisoners and their treatment in, 262–264;
• non-hostile relations of belligerents in, 264–269;
• methods of termination of, 270–274.

Warlike expedition, what is a, 289.

Washington, President, attitude of, as to neutrality, 282.

Waters, as affecting jurisdiction, 102 et seq.

Webster, Daniel, views of, in case of the "Caroline," 435.

Westphalia, Peace of, as an epoch in international law, 19.

Wisby, laws of. See Sea Laws.

Women, nationality of, 125.

Works of art, exemption of, 239, 247.

Writers, upon international law, 24–28, 33, 34.