(1) Popes.

• John X., 914–928.
• Leo VI., 928–929.
• Stephen VII., 929–931.
• John XI., 931–936.
• Leo VII., 936–939.
• Stephen VIII., 939–942.
• Martin III. or Marinus II., 942–946.
• Agapet II., 946–955.
• John XII., 955–963.
• Leo VIII., 963–964.
• Benedict V., 964–965.
• John XIII., 965–972.
• Benedict VI., 972–974.
• Benedict VII., 974–983.
• John XIV., 983–984.
• Boniface VII., Antipope, 974–984;
  • recognised, 984–985.
• John XV., 985–996.
• Gregory V., 996–999.
• John XVI., 997–998 (partisan of Crescentius).
• Sylvester II., 999–1003.
• John XVII., 1003.
• John XVIII., 1003–1009.
• Sergius IV., 1009–1012.
• Benedict VIII., 1012–1024.
• John XIX., 1024–1033.
• Benedict IX., 1033–1046. ??? ??? ??? ??? } deposed in 1046.
  • [Antipope, Sylvester III., 1044–1046.] } deposed in 1046.
• Gregory VI., 1044–1046. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?} deposed in 1046.
• Clement II., 1046–1047.
• Damasus II., 1048.
• Leo IX., 1048–1054.
• Victor II., 1055–1057.
• Stephen IX., 1057–1058.
  • [Antipope, Benedict X., 1058–1059.]
• Nicholas II., 1058–1061.
• Alexander II., 1061–1073.
  • [Antipope, Honorius, 1061–1062.]
• Gregory VII., 1073–1085.
  • [Antipope, Clement III., 1080–1100.]
• Victor III., 1086–1087.
• Urban II., 1088–1099.
• Paschal II., 1099–1118.
  • [Antipopes, Albert, Theodoric, and Sylvester IV.]
• Gelasius II., 1118–1119.
  • [Antipope, Gregory VIII., 1118–1121.]
• Calixtus II., 1119–1124.
• Honorius II., 1124–1130.
• Innocent II., 1130–1143.
  • [Antipopes, Anacletus, 1130–1138.
    • Victor, 1138 (abdicated).]
• Celestine II., 1143–1144.
• Lucius II., 1144–1145.
• Eugenius III., 1145–1153.
• Anastasius IV., 1153–1154.
• Adrian IV., 1154–1159.
• Alexander III., 1159–1181.
  • [Antipopes, Victor, 1159–1164.
    • Paschal III., 1164–1168.
    • Calixtus III., 1168–1178.
    • Lando, 1178–1180.]
• Lucius III., 1181–1185.
• Urban III., 1185–1187.
• Gregory VIII., 1187.
• Clement III., 1187–1191.
• Celestine III., 1191–1198.
• Innocent III., 1198–1216.
• Honorius III., 1216–1227.
• Gregory IX., 1227–1241.
• Celestine IV., 1241.
• Innocent IV., 1243–1254.
• Alexander IV., 1254–1261.
• Urban IV., 1261–1264.
• Clement IV., 1265–1268.
• Gregory X., 1271–1276.

(2) Emperors and Kings of the Romans.

• Henry I. (the Fowler), 918–936.
• *Otto I. (the Great), 936–973.
• *Otto II., 973–983.
• *Otto III., 983–1002.
• *Henry II. (the Saint), 1002–1024.
• *Conrad II. (the Salic), 1024–1039.
• *Henry III. (the Black), 1039–1056.
• *Henry IV., 1056–1106.
  • [Rivals—Rudolf of Swabia, 1077–1080.
    • Hermann of Luxemburg, 1082–1093.
    • Conrad of Franconia, 1093–1101.]
• *Henry V., 1106–1125.
• *Lothair II., 1125–1138.
• Conrad III., 1138–1152.
• *Frederick I. (Barbarossa), 1152–1190.
• *Henry VI., 1190–1197.
• *Otto IV., 1197–1212, ?} Rivals.
• Philip II., 1197–1208, } Rivals.
• *Frederick II., 1212–1250.
  • [Rivals—Henry Raspe, 1246–1247;
    • William of Holland, 1247–1256.]
• Conrad IV., 1250–1254.
• The Great Interregnum, 1254–1273.
• Richard, Earl of Cornwall, } Rivals, 1257–1272.
• Alfonso X., King of Castile, } Rivals, 1257–1272.

* An asterisk is affixed to these Kings who were crowned Emperors by the Pope.

• Constantine VII. (Porphyrogenitus), 912–959.
  • [Joint-rulers—Alexander, 912–913.
    • Romanus I. (Lecapenus), 919–945.]
• Romanus II., 959–963.
• Basil II. (Bulgaroctonus), 963–1025.
  • [Joint-rulers—Nicephorus II. (Phocas), 963–969.
    • John I. (Zimisces), 969–976.]
• Constantine VIII., 1025–1028.
• Romanus III. (Argyrus), 1028–1034.
• Michael IV. (the Paphlagonian), 1034–1041.
• Michael V., 1041–1042.
• Constantine IX. (Monomachus), 1042–1054.
• Theodora, 1054–1057.
• Michael VI. (Stratioticus), 1057.
• Isaac I. (Comnenus), 1057–1059.
• Constantine X. (Ducas), 1059–1067.
• Michael VII. (Ducas), 1067–1078.
  • [Joint-ruler—Romanus IV. (Diogenes), 1068–1071.]
• Nicephorus III. (Botaniates), 1078–1081.
• Alexius I. (Comnenus), 1081–1118.
• John II. (Comnenus), 1118–1143.
• Manuel I. (Comnenus), 1143–1180.
• Alexius II. (Comnenus), 1180–1183.
• Andronicus I. (Comnenus), 1183–1185.
• Isaac II. (Angelus), 1185–1195.
• Alexius III. (Angelus), 1195–1203.
• Isaac II. (restored) } Joint-rulers 1203–1204.
• Alexius IV. (Angelus) } Joint-rulers 1203–1204.
• Alexius V. (Ducas), 1204.

(4) Latin Emperors of the East.

• Baldwin I., 1204–1205.
• Henry of Flanders, 1205–1216.
• Peter of Courtenay, 1216–1219.
• Robert, 1219–1228.
• Baldwin II., 1228–1261.

(5) Kings of Jerusalem.

• Godfrey of Boulogne, 1099–1100 [refused the title].
• Baldwin I. of Edessa, 1100–1118.
• Baldwin II. of Edessa, 1118–1130.
• Fulk of Anjou, 1130–1143.
• Baldwin III., 1143–1163.
• Amalric I., 1163–1174.
• Baldwin IV. (the Leper), 1173–1185.
• Baldwin V. (the Child), 1185–1186.
• Guy of Lusignan, 1186–1194.
• [Conrad of Montferrat, 1191–1192.]
• [Henry of Champagne, 1192–1197.]
• Amalric II. of Lusignan, 1197–1205.
• Amalric III., 1205–1206.
• John of Brienne, 1210–1225.
• Iolande of Brienne, 1225–1228.
• Frederick II., 1228–1250.
• Hugh of Lusignan (King of Cyprus), 1268–1284.

• Charles the Simple, 896–929.
• [Rivals—Robert of Paris, 922–923;
  • Rudolf of Burgundy, 923–936.]
• Rudolf of Burgundy, 929–936.
• Louis IV., 936–954.
• Lothaire, 954–986.
• Louis V., 986–987.
• Hugh Capet, 987–996.
• Robert II., 996–1031.
• Henry I., 1031–1060.
• Philip I., 1060–1108.
• Louis VI., 1108–1137.
• Louis VII., 1137–1180.
• Philip II., Augustus, 1180–1223.
• Louis VIII., 1223–1226.
• Louis IX. (Saint Louis), 1226–1270.