The White Divel; or, the Tragedy of Paulo Giordano Ursini, Duke of Brachiano, With the Life and Death of Vittoria Corombona, the famous Venetian Curtizan, was printed in 1612, as acted by the Queen's servants, and again in 1631, 1665, and 1672. In 1707 Nahum Tate published an alteration called Injured Love; or, the Cruel Husband.

Webster founded this play directly on the history of the Duke di Brachiano and his two wives, of whom the second, Vittoria Accorambaoni, was the widow of the nephew of Cardinal Montalto, afterwards Pope Sixtus V.

TO THE READER.

In publishing this tragedy, I do but challenge to myself that liberty which other men have ta'en before me: not that I affect praise by it, for nos hÆc novimus esse nihil;[5] only, since it was acted in so dull a time of winter, presented in so open and black a theatre, that it wanted (that which is the only grace and setting-out of a tragedy) a full and understanding auditory; and that, since that time, I have noted most of the people that come to that play-house resemble those ignorant asses who, visiting stationers' shops, their use is not to inquire for good books, but new books; I present it to the general view with this confidence,—

Nec ronchos metues maligniorum,
Nec scombris tunicas dabis molestas.[6]

If it be objected this is no true dramatic poem, I shall easily confess it; non potes in nugas dicere plura meas ipse ego quam dixi.[7] Willingly, and not ignorantly, in this kind have I faulted: for, should a man present to such an auditory the most sententious tragedy that ever was written, observing all the critical laws, as height of style, and gravity of person, enrich it with the sententious Chorus, and, as it were, liven death in the passionate and weighty Nuntius; yet, after all this divine rapture, O dura messorum ilia,[8] the breath that comes from the uncapable multitude is able to poison it; and, ere it be acted, let the author resolve to fix to every scene this of Horace,

HÆc porcis hodie comedenda relinques.[9]

To those who report I was a long time in finishing this tragedy, I confess, I do not write with a goose quill winged with two feathers; and if they will needs make it my fault, I must answer them with that of Euripides to Alcestides,[10] a tragic writer. Alcestides objecting that Euripides had only, in three days, composed three verses, whereas himself had written three hundred, "Thou tellest truth," quoth he, "but here's the difference,—thine shall only be read for three days, whereas mine shall continue three ages."

Detraction is the sworn friend to ignorance: for mine own part, I have ever truly cherished my good opinion of other men's worthy labours; especially of that full and heightened style of Master Chapman; the laboured and understanding works of Master Jonson; the no less worthy composures of the both worthily excellent Master Beaumont and Master Fletcher; and lastly (without wrong last to be named), the right happy and copious industry of Master Shakespeare, Master Dekker, and Master Heywood; wishing what I write may be read by their light; protesting that, in the strength of mine own judgment, I know them so worthy, that though I rest silent in my own work, yet to most of theirs I dare (without flattery) fix that of Martial,

Non norunt hÆc monumenta mori.[11]

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ.

Monticelso, a Cardinal, afterwards Pope.

Francisco de Medicis, Duke of Florence.

Brachiano, otherwise Paulo Giordano Ursini, Duke of Brachiano, Husband of Isabella.

Giovanni, his Son.

Count Lodovico.

Camillo, Husband of Vittoria.

Flamineo, Brother of Vittoria, Secretary to Brachiano.

Marcello, Brother of Vittoria, Attendant on Francisco de Medicis.

Hortensio.

Antonelli.

Gasparo.

Farnese.

Carlo.

Pedro.

Doctor.

Conjurer.

Lawyer.

Jaques.

Julio.

Christophero.

Ambassadors, Physicians, Officers, Attendants, &c.

Isabella, Sister of Francisco de Medicis, Wife of Brachiano.

Vittoria Corombona, married first to Camillo, afterwards to Brachiano.

Cornelia, Mother of Vittoria.

Zanche, a Moor, Waiting-woman to Vittoria.

Matron of the House of Convertites.

SCENE—Rome and Padua.