Edward Bradford Titchener

Absolute impression, 125, 285.

Abstract idea, 263 ff.

Abstraction, nature of, 280;

experiments on, 249 f., 280 ff.;

laws of, 280 f., 349.

Accommodation, sensations of, 128.

Ache, 64.

Action, distinguished from movement, 231;

psychological problem of, 231 f., 258;

typical, 233 ff.;

impulsive, 234 f., 244 f.;

studied in the reaction experiment, 236 ff.;

varies with shift of emphasis in instruction, 242, 252;

sensorimotor and ideomotor, 243, 251;

artificial and physiological reflex, 243 f., 251;

primitive, 244 f., 258;

selective, 246 ff.;

by ‘trial and error,’ 247 f.;

volitional, 249 ff.;

alleged determination of, by pleasure and pain, 257 f.

Activity, ascribed by common sense to mind, 6 f., 91 f., 146, 258.

Adaptation, visual, 61;

olfactory, 51, 63.

Æsthetic sentiments, 299 f., 301 f.

After-image, visual negative, 62, 74;

positive, 74, 133;

of memory, 74.

Amnesia, hypnotic, 342 f.

AnÆsthesia, kinÆsthetic, 46;

in hypnosis, 342 f.

Analysis, psychological, 15 f., 112;

tested by synthesis and repeated analysis, 16 f.;

of perception and idea, 114 ff., 125, 125 f.;

of recognition, 177 ff.;

of emotion, 215 f.;

of a typical action, 234 f.;

of expectation, 272 ff.;

of intellectual attitudes, 274 f.

Animals, psychology of, 12 ff., 32, 51, 134, 219 f., 247, 267.

Antagonism, retinal, 59 f., 61, 63.

Antithesis, Darwin’s principle of, 223.

Apprehension, direct, 181 f.;

disturbance of, 182 f.

Association, the doctrine of, derives from Aristotle, 145 ff.;

‘laws’ of, 146 f., 168, 175;

agreeable to common sense, 146 ff., 203;

has done psychological service, 148;

works with meanings, 149, 162, 163 f., 168;

regards course of ideas too intellectually, 161 f., 258;

successive, 161 f.;

regards action too emotionally, 258.

Attention, common-sense view of, 91;

description of, 91 f.;

implies shift of vividness, 91 f., 93 f.;

a pattern of processes, 92, 99, 109;

psychological problem of, 93;

development of, 93 ff., 98 f.;

primary, and its determinants, 94 f., 101, 195;

secondary, 95 ff., 101 f.;

derived primary, 97 f., 102;

two or more levels of, 99 ff., 108 f.;

feeling in, 101 f.;

kinÆsthesis in, 101 f.;

normal to waking life, 102 f.;

range of visual, 103;

range of auditory, 103 f.;

duration of, 104 f.;

bodily changes in secondary, 105 f.;

‘sensory’ and ‘intellectual,’ 106;

nervous correlate of, 106 ff., 164, 166, 249 f.;

proposed definitions of, 110;

necessary to mental connection, 163 ff.;

implies a general nervous disposition, 166;

necessary to start of practice, 169 f.;

in remembrance, 190;

in recollection, 190 f.;

in imagination, 197 ff.;

direction of, in simple reaction, 240;

levels of, in reaction experiment, 254;

in thought, 262;

in expectation, 273;

in emotion and sentiment, 290.

Attitudes, mental, 271 ff.;

psychological status of, 272, 275;

in dreams, 338.

Attributes of sensation, 60, 67, 92;

and types of perception, 121 ff.

Autosuggestion, 344.

Awareness, irrelevant to psychology, 324 ff.

Beats, 55.

Behaviour, as index of mind, 12 ff.;

two types of animal, 203 f.

Black, a contrast-effect, 61.

Blend, see Fusion.

Blind, psychological world of the, 130 f.

Brain, not the ‘organ of mind,’ 10;

evidence of its correlation with mind, 11 f.;

responsible for sensation of grey, 59;

associates, 149, 168;

a complex and plastic machine, 150.

Brain-habit, in perception and idea, 115 ff., 131;

in perceptions of time, 123;

in perception of distance, 129 f., 131;

in perception of visual movement, 133 f.;

in optical illusion, 137;

in direct apprehension, 182 f.;

in memory, 185;

in imagination, 195.

Catalepsy, 342 ff.

Cataplexy, 344.

Change, perception of, 132 f., 160.

Chess, blindfold, 265.

Chroma, 57.

Coincidences, law of, 98.

Cold, sensation of, 43 f., 64;

paradoxical, 44 f.;

in sense-feelings, 82.

Colour, sensations of, 57;

all simple, 57 f.;

mixture of stimuli, 57, 59 f., 63;

contrast of, 61;

adaptation to, 61, 63;

after-images of, 62;

memory-colours, 63, 75;

in sense-feelings, 81.

Colour, of tones, 54, 294.

Colour-blindness, normal, 58, 62;

congenital, 58 f.

Coloured hearing, 76 f.

Comedy, 302, 305.

Common factor, in intellectual responses, 310 f.

Common sense, thinks in terms of value, 1;

and of self, 2, 311;

its mixed origin, 4, 308, 311;

its view of mind, 5 ff., 17, 321;

of the relation of mind to body, 6 ff., 10 f.;

seeks to interpret or explain, 8, 65, 146, 148, 202, 213, 258;

its view of physical and psychological method, 21 f., 39;

in psychology of touch, 48;

distinguishes sensation and image, 73;

rightly opposes ‘pleasure’ and ‘pain,’ 80;

its view of attention, 91, 166;

of the association of ideas, 146 f., 203;

of recognition, 184;

of instinct, 203, 213;

of self, 22, 189, 308 f., 309 f., 311 f., 315;

reads ‘wareness’ into sensation, 324 ff.

Comparison, need not imply image, 284 f.;

direct and indirect, 284 f.;

by absolute impression, 285.

Composite photograph, 264 ff.

Compound reactions, 252 ff., 255.

Concept, 270 f., 281 f.

Conjunction, a mode of connection of mental processes, 159 f., 168.

Connection, of elementary processes, 159 f.;

of perceptions and ideas, three types of, 160 f.;

often involves feeling, 161 f., 258, 271;

law of mental, 162 ff., 166 f., 168;

depends on attention, 163, 165;

and situational context, 165 ff.;

is usually a marriage by proxy, 167, 185.

Consciousness, two meanings of term, 324;

hence misleading, 324 ff.;

double, in hypnosis, 346.

Constructive imagination, 198 ff.

Context, the psychological equivalent of meaning, 118 f.;

in perception, 114 f., 117, 121, 131, 165, 167;

in idea, 116 f., 121, 165, 167;

situational, 166 ff.

Contiguity, ‘law’ of association by, 147, 168 f.

Contrast, visual, 61;

olfactory, 63.

Convergence, sensations of, 127;

convergence of associative tendencies, 158 f., 162, 197, 199.

Correlation, of brain and mind, 10 ff., 17;

studied by psychology, 17 f., 113, 231;

in general, replaces causation and interpretation, in work of science, 327, 331.

Curiosity, 205 f., 301 f.

Demonstrative gesture, 268.

Depth, perception of, see Distance, perception of.

Description, the business of science, 8, 14, 331;

implies analysis, 17.

Desire, 256 f.

Differential psychology, 31 f., 309.

Discrimination, experiments on, 254, 283 ff.

Distance, perception of visual, 125 ff.;

secondary cues to, 126 f.;

kinÆsthetic sensations in, 127 ff.;

rÔle of binocular vision in, 128;

rests upon a brain-habit, 129 f., 131;

perception of tactual, 130 f.;

illusion of, 135.

Dizziness, 56, 64.

Double consciousness, in hypnosis, 346.

Dream, 76, 78, 336 ff.;

pattern of, 336, 340 f.;

processes of, 336 f.;

nervous correlate of, 337 f., 339 f., 341;

origination of, 338;

compared with waking state, 338 f.;

hallucinatory character of, 340;

not prophetic, 341;

interpreted as wish-fulfilment, 341.

Dual division, tendency to, 205 f., 211, 276, 278.

Duration of sensation, 66, 122 f.;

determinant of sense-feelings, 82;

as basis of temporal perceptions, 122 ff.;

duration of attention, 104 f.;

of mood, 227, 255.

Ear, organ of hearing, 51 ff., 55 f.;

of equilibrium, 56.

Effort, sensation of, 46.

Elements, mental, 15 f., 18, 90, 117;

sensations, 65;

simple images, 78;

simple feelings, 79;

meaningless, 90;

modes of connection of, 159 f.;

are not awarenesses, 324 ff.

Emotion, analysis of, 215 f.;

issues from a determination, 216;

organic sensations in, 216, 218 ff., 290;

classification of, 216 f.;

James-Lange theory of, 218 ff.;

expression of, 222 ff., 268;

primary, 228;

and instinct, 207, 211, 216, 219.

Empathy, 198;

in optical illusion, 137 f.;

in imagination, 198, 200;

instinctive tendency toward, 205 f., 211;

in emotion, 215;

in hearing of tones, 284 f.;

mediated by sentiment, 293;

as basis of moral or social sentiments, 301;

in Æsthetic sentiment, 302.

Expectation, analysis of, 272 ff.

Experiment, 22 ff.;

its relation to observation, 22 f.;

instance of a psychological, 23 ff.

Explanation, demand for, not scientific, 327;

see Common sense

Expression, of sense-feelings, 82 ff.;

of secondary attention, 105 f.;

of emotion, 222 ff., 268;

of sentiment, 291;

intention of, in music, 135.

Extension, sensory, 66, 124;

as basis of spatial perception, 124.

Eye, sensations from, 56 ff.;

a photographic camera, 58;

structure of daylight, 59;

of twilight, 60;

central blindness of twilight, 60;

normal colour-blindness of daylight, 58, 62;

adaptation of, 61 f.;

as organ of space-perception, 128.

Eye-and-ear method, 236 f.

Facial expression, 222, 223 f., 228, 274.

Familiarity, feeling of, 178 f., 190 f., 200;

derivation of, 179, 195;

lapses to of-course feeling, 181 f.;

makes an idea a memory-idea, 184;

and feeling of validity, 279.

Fatigue, as muscular sensation, 46, 172;

as sense-feeling, 172;

not an index of inefficiency, 172;

disadvantage of, in psychological observation, 172;

no single test of, 172 f.;

mental and muscular, probably the same, 173.

Feeling, simple, as pleasant and unpleasant, 79, 81 f., 83;

relation of, to sensation, 79 f., 87 f.;

method of observing, 80;

opposition of, 80 f.;

falls under Weber’s law, 81;

nervous correlate of, 84, 86;

biological theory of, 84 ff., 172;

of familiarity, 178 f., 190 f., 200;

of of-course, 181 f.;

in memory, 188 f.;

in connections of ideas, 161 f., 271;

of strangeness, 194 f., 198 ff.;

of validity, 279;

relational, 279;

not necessarily a self-experience, 317, 321;

in dreams, 337, 341.

Feeling-attitude, 271, 291 f.;

in thought, 279;

variety of, 293 ff., 300;

likeness of, in different situations, 300;

in dreams, 337.

Freemasonry of artists, 293.

Fusion, in perception of heat, 44 f.;

of cutaneous and kinÆsthetic qualities, 47;

of tastes, 49;

of smells, 49;

of taste, touch and smell, 48, 159;

of tones, 54, 122, 159;

of organic sensations, 64, 159;

of feeling and sensation, 81, 90, 319;

hypothetical, of vision and kinÆsthesis, in space-perception, 129;

a mode of connection of mental processes, 159, 168;

and synergy of brain-processes, 160.

General factor, in intellectual response, 310 f.

Generalisation, nature of, 280;

experiments on, 282 f.

Genius, 198.

Gesture, 222, 224;

definition of, 268;

language of, 267 ff.;

and origin of speech, 269 f.

Grey, neutral, a brain-sensation, 59;

physiologically mixed with all visual processes, 59 ff.;

the final term of adaptation, 61.

Growth and decay, law of mental, 183, 211, 233.

Habit, 96, 99, 311;

formation of, 170 f.;

disadvantage of, in psychological observation, 171 f.;

pattern of processes in, 171 f.;

Darwin’s principle of serviceable associated, 223;

of psychological observation, 329 f.;

hypnotic, 348.

Habitual images, 77 f., 265 f., 270.

Hallucination, 76, 78, 340.

Heat, perception of, 44 f.

Hue, 57.

Hunger, 64 f.

Hypnosis, instinctive origin of, 335, 341;

generalised picture of, 342;

symptoms of, 342 f.;

liability to, 343 f.;

function of operator in, 344 f.;

methods of, 344;

therapeutic value of, 347 f.;

habit of, 348;

relation of, to will, 343;

change of perception in, 342, 348 f.

Idea, analysis of typical, 116 f.;

made up of core and context, 116 f., 121, 165, 167;

meaning in, 117 ff.;

varying complexity of, 121;

types of, 138 ff., 154, 166 f., 197;

association of ideas, 145 ff.;

idea of associationism is a meaning, 149, 162, 163 f., 168;

situational context of ideas, 166 ff.;

the memory-idea, 184 ff.;

the idea of imagination, 194 ff.;

empathic, peculiarity of, 198;

abstract, 263 ff.

Ideas, community of, 296.

Ideomotor action, 243, 251.

Illusion, perceptive, 135 ff.;

arrow head and feather, 136 ff.;

of memory, 186, 188 f.;

of recognition, 187 f.

Image, simple, probably not distinguishable from sensation, 73 ff., 78, 90, 184;

after-image, 62, 74, 78;

memory after-image, 74, 78;

memory colour, 63, 75, 78;

recurrent, 75, 78;

tied, 75, 78, 87;

of later origin than sensation, 75;

variable with the individual, 75 f., 78, 138 ff., 166 f., 185;

hallucinatory, 76, 78, 340;

dream, 76, 78, 336 f., 340;

synÆsthetic, 76 f., 78;

habitual, 77 f., 265 f., 270;

free, of memory and imagination, 77 f., 120, 184 ff., 195 ff.;

complex, 78, 197;

relative frequency of, in different sense-departments, 78 f.;

in perception and idea, 114 ff.;

and meaning, 120, 271;

of recognition, 184, 273;

typical, 266, 282;

verbal, peculiarity of, 271;

of expectation, 273;

of comparison, 284 f.

Imagery, types of, 138 ff., 154, 166 f.;

outward signs of, 140;

utility of, 141, 195 f.;

translation of, in memory, 166 f., 185 f.;

stability of, in imagination, 195 ff.;

in thought, 265 f.

Imagination, implies feeling of strangeness, 194 f., 198 f., 200;

idea of, conservative, 195 ff.;

idiosyncratic, 197;

pattern of, 197 ff.;

receptive, 197 f.;

constructive, 198 ff.;

characterised by empathy and feeling of strangeness, 198, 200;

and memory, 200;

and thought, 275 f., 279 f., 300.

Impulsive action, analysis of, 234 f.

Inattention, 102 f.

Index of change, 132.

Inhibition, nervous, in attention, 106 ff., 164, 249 f.;

initial and terminal, of associative tendencies, 157 f.;

of instincts, 209.

Initial inhibition, 157 f.

Instinct, popular view of, 203;

definition of, 204;

rÔle of, in life of man, 205, 207;

list of human instincts, 205 ff.;

biological characters of, 208 ff.;

psychological characters of, 210 ff.;

and reason, 203, 207, 210, 301;

and emotion, 207, 211, 216, 219.

Instruction, 96 f., 214;

significance of, for action, 240 ff., 252;

negative, 250, 253.

Intellectual attitudes, 271 f.;

analysis of, 274 f.

Intellectual ‘common factor,’ 310 f.

Intellectual sentiments, 297 f., 299 f.;

and curiosity, 301.

Intensity of sensation, 66, 67 ff.;

and vividness, 92;

as determinant of attention, 94;

does not found a group of intensive perceptions, 125;

absolute impression of, 125, 285;

of feeling, in passion, 225 f., 304;

in classification of temperament, 227.

Interest, acquired, 97 f., 226;

in attention, 101;

natural, 207, 226.

Introspection, as method of psychology, 22;

formula of, 19, 22, 80;

difficulties of, 20 ff.;

experimental,23 ff.;

of feeling, 80.

Itch, 44.

Judgement, borrowed from social surroundings, 262 f., 291 f.;

terminus of thought, 276;

has no definite pattern, 279;

core of sentiment, 290.

KinÆsthetic sensations, 45 ff.;

meaning of term, 46;

blend with cutaneous sensations, 47 f.;

play a large part in perception, 65;

fall under Weber’s law, 68, 135;

enter into sense-feelings, 81 f., 319;

in attention, 101 f.;

as vehicle of meaning, 119 f., 140;

in visual perception of distance, 127 ff.;

empathic, in optical illusion, 137 f.;

imitative, in memory, 190 ff., 200;

empathic, in imagination, 198;

in motor reaction, 241;

in expectation, 273.

Knowledge, problem of, foreign to psychology, 324 ff.

Language, serves practical needs, 36, 313, 321;

relation of, to thought, 266 ff.;

spoken, originally gesture, 269 f.;

development of, 270;

unsafe guide to psychology of sentiment, 297;

embodies a theory of the self, 313, 316, 321 ff.;

disadvantages of, for science, 36, 321 ff.;

an unreliable index of mental process, 323.

Learning, 150 f., 152, 154 f.;

implies attention, 163 ff.;

importance of psychological situation for, 163 f., 165 f.;

and mnemonics, 193 f.

Light, sensations of, 56 f.;

all lights psychologically simple, 57;

contrast of, 61, 63;

adaptation to, 61;

after-images of, 62, 133;

intensity of, falls under Weber’s law, 68;

in sense-feelings, 81.

Man, inner, of common sense, 7;

‘man left in,’ of psychology, 9, 10 f., 17 f., 19, 307.

Marriage by proxy, of ideas, 166 f., 185.

Matter, 9.

Meaning, not a scientific term, 4, 26, 325;

may be stripped from process, 26 f.;

added to process, 27;

disjoined from process in time, 27 f.;

different, may attach to same process, 28 f.;

same, may attach to different processes, 29;

not covariant with process, 29 f.;

of touch-blends, 47 f.;

of organic complexes, 65;

does not inhere in mental elements, 90;

not to be confused with sensory vividness, 93;

of perception and idea, 113, 117 ff., 123, 127;

psychologically regarded, is context, 118 f.;

carried by kinÆsthesis and organic sensations, 119 f., 140;

older than free image, 120;

carried physiologically, 120 f., 129 f., 181, 316;

in perceptions of time, 123;

in perceptions of space, 123, 127, 129 f., 133 f.;

in doctrine of association, 147 f., 149, 162, 163 f., 168;

and memory-idea, 185 f., 197;

of words, 150, 164, 269 f.;

in verbal image, 271;

in mental attitudes, 272;

of self, 315, 318 f.

Melody, perception of, 134 f.

Memory, implies recognition, 177;

common-sense view of memory-image, 184, 185 f.;

image need not appear, 184;

turns upon feeling of familiarity, 184 f.;

idea of, does not copy past experience, 185 f.;

illusions of, 186, 188 f.;

pattern of, 189 ff.;

as remembrance, 190;

as recollection, 190 f.;

characterised by familiarity and imitative kinÆsthesis, 192, 200;

artificial, 192 ff.;

and imagination, 195, 200;

proposed definitions of, 201;

in old age, 282.

Memory after-image, 74, 78.

Memory-colour, 63, 75.

Memory-image, 77 f., 120, 184 ff.

Mental processes, nature of, 20 f., 90;

relation of, to meaning, 26 ff., 30, 47 f., 90;

contextual, 118 f., 241, 265, 270, 273;

not reliably indicated by movement, 232 f., 323;

not intrinsically self-experiences, 316 f., 320 f.

Method, of psychology, 18 ff.;

eye-and-ear, 236 f.;

of trial and error, 247;

of reaction, 253 f.

Mind, common-sense view of, 5 ff., 17, 321;

scientific view of, 8 f., 307;

relation of, to body, in common sense, 6 ff.;

in scientific psychology, 10 ff., 17 f., 232;

made up of processes, 20 f.;

historical differences in attitude toward, 38 f.

Mnemonics, principle of, 192;

topographical, 193;

number and rhythm in, 193;

utility of, 193 f.

Mood, 225 ff., 255, 304.

Moral sentiments, 298 ff.;

and empathy, 301.

Motor reaction, 239 ff.

Movement, of head and eyes in fixation, 62 f.;

as determinant of attention, 94;

as cue to distance, 127;

perception of visual, 132 ff.;

of eyes, in optical illusion, 136 f.;

instinctive, 204 ff.;

expressive, 222 ff.;

differentiates plant from animal, 230 f.;

distinguished from action, 231;

unreliable index of mental processes, 232 f., 323;

‘sensations of intended movement,’ 241;

inhibition of, in sleep, 340;

in hypnosis, 342 f.

Muscle sense, 45 ff.

Music, implies intent to express, 135;

involves transposition, 135;

primitive, 134 f.

Name, personal, 313.

Naming, first stage in process of association, 160 f.

Nausea, 64 f.

Negative instruction, 250, 253.

Nerve-forces, directive, 18, 96 f., 164, 205 f., 212 ff.;

in attention, 96, 166;

in perception and idea, 115 ff.;

of reinforcement and inhibition, in attention, 106 ff., 164, 249 f.;

double-acting, 109, 249 f.;

in memory, 190;

in imagination, 199 f.;

in selective action, 248;

in volitional action, 251;

in thought, 261, 274, 275, 277.

Nervous disposition, as vehicle of meaning, 120 f., 129 f., 131, 133 f., 181 f., 185, 195, 243, 274, 316.

Nervous system, functions of, 10;

correlated with mind, 10 ff., 17 f., 232, 307;

the ‘man left in’ of psychology, 10;

as index of mind, 13;

Darwin’s principle of direct action of, 223.

Noise, sensations of, 55, 57.

Note, musical, perception of, 122;

analysis of, 159.

Observation, as scientific method, 19, 331;

formula of, 19, 22, 80;

difficulties of, 20;

and experiment, 22 f.

Of-course, feeling of, 181 f.

Organic changes, in sense-feeling, 82 ff.;

in secondary attention, 105 f.;

in emotion, 219 ff.

Organic sensations, 64 f.;

their part in emotion, 65, 216, 218 ff., 290;

in sense-feelings, 81 f., 319;

as vehicle of meaning, 119 f.;

in instinct, 211;

in sentiment, 291;

not necessarily self-experiences, 318, 321.

Origin of language, 269 f.

Pain, sensation of, from skin, 43 ff.;

from underlying tissues, 46 f.;

organic, varieties of, 64;

in hunger and nausea, 64;

may be pleasant or unpleasant, 79;

see Pleasure and pain

Paramnesia, 187 f.

Passion, 226, 304.

Pathology, as aid to psychology, 26 ff., 46, 139, 314 f.

Perception, analysis of typical, 114 ff.;

made up of core and context, 114 f., 117, 121, 131, 165, 167;

meaning in, 117 ff., 123, 127, 129 ff., 133 f.;

varying complexity of, 121;

types of, 121 ff.;

qualitative, 122;

temporal, 122 ff.;

spatial, 124 f.;

complex, 125;

no class of intensive, 125;

of distance, 125 ff.;

of visual movement, 132 ff.;

of melody, 134 f.;

illusory, 135 ff.;

connection of elements in, 159 f.

Personal difference, 237.

Personal equation, 237.

Personalisation, tendency toward, 205, 323.

Personality, dual and multiple, 314 f.

Physics, leaves man out of the world, 8;

method of, 21 f.;

early became experimental, 25;

suffers from bias of language, 323.

Pitch, of tones, 52;

of noises, 55;

memory of absolute, 134.

Plants, psychology of, 13 f., 31 f., 230.

Pleasantness and unpleasantness, the qualities of simple feeling, 79, 81;

in memory, 188 f.

Pleasure and pain, 79, 84 ff.;

alleged determinants of action, 257 f.

Post-hypnotic suggestion, 345 f.

Pressure, sensation of, from skin, 43 ff.;

from muscle, 46 f.;

from joint, 46 f.;

organic, 64;

falls under Weber’s law, 68.

Primitive man, mind of, 303, 313;

primitive music, 134 f.

Problem, of psychology, 14 ff., 18, 113, 148, 231, 258, 331;

of attention, 93;

of meaning, 117 f.;

of action, 231 f., 258.

Process, see Mental processes, Psychoneural processes

Psychography, 309.

Psychologist, how concerned with himself, 3;

not a student of human nature, 3 f.;

not adequate to the whole of his science, 31.

Psychology, the science of mind, 2, 5;

subject-matter of, as defined by common sense, 6 ff., 17, 34, 321;

by science, 8 f., 329;

leaves man in the world, 9, 307;

takes account of nervous system, 10 ff., 17 f.;

of animals, 12 ff., 32, 51, 134, 219 f., 247, 267;

of plants, 13 f.,31 f., 230;

problem of human, 14 ff., 18, 113, 148, 231, 326 f.;

method of, 18 ff.;

has recently become experimental, 25 f., 34;

scope of, 30 ff., 329;

classification of, 31 ff.;

differential, 31 f., 309;

immaturity of, 25 f., 34;

difficulties of, to beginner, 34 ff., 90, 112 ff., 321 ff., 325 f.;

definitions of, 38;

may have begun with observation of expressive movements, 222;

describes a generalised world, 307;

has to do with self, 308 f.;

has nothing to do with knowledge or awareness, 324 f.;

in daily life, 329 f.;

results of, are useful in practice, 4 f., 33, 232, 281, 310.

Psychoneural processes, 164, 212.

Psychotechnics, 33.

Quality, of sensation, 65 f.;

as basis of qualitative perception, 122;

of simple feeling, 79, 81.

Question, as stimulus to thought, 276 ff., 330.

Rapport, hypnotic, 344 f.

Reaction experiment, history of, 236 f., 252 ff.;

simple form of, 238;

aids us to analyse action, 238 f., 253;

compound form of, 252 ff., 255;

has not developed in accordance with classification of action, 252 f.;

various uses of, 253 ff.;

association reaction, 254 f.

Reaction method, 253 ff.

Reaction time, 238;

sensory and motor, 240;

significance of, 242, 254.

Reason, 203, 207, 210, 301.

Receptive imagination, 197 f.

Recognition, analysis of, 177 ff.;

hinges on feeling of familiarity, 178, 181, 184 f., 276;

varies in definiteness, 179 f.;

direct and indirect, 180 f.;

halting and partial, 181;

lapses to direct apprehension, 181 ff.;

common-sense view of, 184;

illusions of, 187 f.

Recollection, 190 f.

Recurrent images, 75, 78.

Reflex, artificial, 244, 251;

physiological, 244 f.

Reinforcement, nervous, in attention, 106 ff., 164, 249 f.

Relational feelings and attitudes, 279.

Religious sentiments, 299 f., 302 f.

Remembrance, 190.

Repetition, as determinant of attention, 94, 163;

strengthens associative tendencies, 153, 163.

Representative gesture, 268 f.

Resistance, perception of, 122.

Retina, complex structure of, 58 ff., 60, 63;

normal colour-blindness of, in daylight, 58, 62;

central blindness of, in twilight, 60;

compared with olfactory membrane, 63.

Rhythm, perception of, 123, 125, 159 f.;

subjective, 104;

helps to establish associative tendencies, 153;

in mnemonics, 193.

Saturation, of colours, 57.

Science, has no concern with values, 1 ff., 22, 325;

is no respecter of persons, 2 f.;

makes impersonal and disinterested search for facts, 2 f., 4, 30 f., 39, 48, 275, 313, 325, 330;

limitations of, 4, 331;

physical and psychological, 8 f.;

describes and does not explain, 8, 14, 37, 91;

method of, 19, 22 f.;

definitions of, 37;

generalises, 307 f.;

finds language misleading, 323;

is built up of facts and logic, 330 f.

Self, of common sense, 2, 22, 189, 308 f., 309 f., 311 f., 315, 321 ff.;

concept of, 307 ff., 318, 321 f.;

psychological definition of, 308 f.;

persistence of, 312 ff., 320;

as experienced, 315 ff.;

a meaning, 315, 318 f.

Self-consciousness, 322 f.

Self-experience, forms of, 316, 318 ff.;

processes involved in, 316, 319 ff.

Sensation, definition of, 65, 66;

attributes of, 65 f., 67, 92;

from skin, 43 ff.;

from muscle, tendon, joint, 45 ff.;

of taste and smell, 48 ff.;

from ear, 51 ff., 56;

from eye, 56 ff.;

from internal organs, 64 f.;

intensity of, 67 ff.;

relation of, to simple image, 73 ff.;

secondary, 74 f.;

in perception and idea, 114 ff.;

of accommodation and convergence, 127 f.;

no sensation of depth, 126, 128 f., 132;

no sensation of visual movement, 132;

of ‘intended movement,’ 241, 273;

of ‘future occurrence,’ 273.

Sense-feeling, blend of sensation and feeling, 81, 319;

classification of, 81 f., 212, 216 f.;

variety of, 82;

opposition of, 82;

in attention, 101 f.;

in connections of ideas, 161 f., 271;

in recognition, 178;

in instinct, 212;

in wish and desire, 256 f.;

uniformities of, 296.

Sense-organs, their importance for psychology, 17 f.;

of skin, 43 f.;

of muscle, tendon, joint, 47;

of taste, 49;

of smell, 49 f., 63;

of hearing, 55 f.;

of equilibrium, 56;

of sight, 58 ff., 63.

Sensorimotor action, 243, 251.

Sensory reaction, 239 ff.

Sentiment, nature of, 290;

instances of, 291;

a rare experience, 291;

lapses to feeling-attitude, 292;

empathy by, 293;

and sentimentality, 295 f.;

forms of, 297 ff.;

runs in threes, 297;

pattern of, 300;

means of studying, 300 ff.

Short-cuts, nervous, in perception, 123, 127;

in practice, 170;

in action, 245 f., 252;

in thought, 286.

Similarity, ‘law’ of association by, 147.

Situation, importance of the psychological, in learning, 163 f., 165 f.;

attentional, 165 f., 261;

connection of ideas within, 166;

connection of ideas belonging to different situations, 167 f.;

in emotion, 216, 290;

in thought, 276 ff.;

social, 298 f.;

religious, 299;

in sentiment, 290, 300 ff.

Skin, sensations from, 43 ff., 47;

borrows from underlying tissues, 45, 47 f.

Sleep, instinctive origin of, 335 f.;

walking and talking in, 336, 340.

Smell, sensations of, 48 ff.;

blends of, with taste and touch, 48;

blends of odorous qualities, 49;

disused but not degenerate, 50 f.;

arithmetic by, 51;

adaptation to, 51, 63;

contrast of, 63;

mixture of stimuli, 63;

comparison of, with sight, 63;

in tensity of, falls under Weber’s law, 68;

in sense-feelings, 81.

Social sentiments, 298 ff.;

and empathy, 301.

Somnambulism, 342.

Space, psychological problem of, 124 f.;

short-cuts to meaning of, 123, 127;

perceptions of, show conjunction of mental processes, 159 f.

State of consciousness, a misleading phrase, 21.

Stereoscope, 128.

Stimulus, a technical term in experimental psychology, 24;

the ‘biological’ stimuli to attention, 95, 165;

‘situational’ stimuli, 165 f.

Strain, sensation of, 46.

Strangeness, feeling of, 194 f.;

derivation of, 195;

makes an idea into an idea of imagination, 195.

Stroboscope, 133.

Style, literary, sentiment of, 294 ff.

Subconsciousness, definition of, 326;

an explanatory concept, 326;

unnecessary and dangerous, 327 f.;

but has proved useful in practice, 328.

Subject-matter of psychology, 5 ff., 113 f., 326.

Suggestion, 213 f., 242, 252, 348 f.;

in volitional action, 250 f. hypnotic, 342 f., 348 f.;

post-hypnotic or terminal, 345 f.;

perceptive, 348 f.

Syllables, meaningless, experimental use of, 151, 152 ff., 155, 163 f.

Sympathy, as basis of moral or social sentiment, 301.

SynÆsthesia, 76 f., 78.

Synthesis, a test of analysis, 16 f.

Taste, sensations of, 48 f.;

blend of sweet and salt, 49;

blends of taste, smell, and touch, 48;

in sense-feelings, 81;

perceptions of, 122;

and expression of emotion, 223 f.

Temperament, 226 f., 304.

Temperature, sensations of, 43 ff.

Tendencies, associative, 150, 327;

studied by use of meaningless syllables, 151, 152;

by use of meaningful material, 152, 154 f., 156 ff.;

conditions of their establishment, 152 ff., 155 f., 164 f.;

decay of, 156 f., 266 f.;

interference of, 157 f.;

convergence of, 158 f., 162, 197, 199;

in paramnesia, 187;

and mnemonics, 193 f.;

and typical images, 266 f.;

in dreams, 338 f.

Tendencies, determining, 212, 327;

their relation to suggestion, 213 f.;

in action, 234 f., 246 ff., 258;

studied by reaction method, 253;

in emotion, 216;

in thought, 276 ff.;

intellectual ‘common factor,’ 310 f.;

in dreams, 338 f.

Tendencies, instinctive, to forms of ‘thing’ and ‘space,’ 115, 124, 129, 205, 276;

to express and communicate, 135, 268;

list of human, 205 ff.;

to dual division, 205, 211, 276, 278;

in sentiment, 300 ff.;

to personalisation, 205, 323;

in sleep, 335.

Tendencies, nervous, shape perception and idea, 115 ff., 124 f.;

see Nerve-forces

Terminal inhibition, 157 f.;

suggestion, 345 f.

Tests, mental, 310.

Thought, general character of, 261 f.;

true thought rare, 262 f.;

imaginal processes in, 263 ff.;

relation of language to, 266 ff.;

and mental attitudes, 271 ff.;

pattern of, 275 ff., 283, 286;

relation of, to imagination, 275 f., 279 f., 300;

in dreams, 339.

Tickle, 44.

Tied images, 75, 78, 87.

Timbre, 54.

Time, and sense-feelings, 52, 217 f.;

perception of, 122 f.;

short-cuts to meaning of, 123;

in dreams, 338 f.

Tint, 57.

Tonality, 52, 134.

Tones, simple and compound, 51 f., 122;

characters of, 52 f.;

fundamental and overtones, 53 f., 122, 159;

colour or timbre of, 54;

fusion of, 54;

differential, 54 f.;

beating of, 55;

in sense-feelings, 81.

Tragedy, 302, 305.

Traits, mental, 310.

Trial and error, method of, 247.

Tropism, 245.

Utility, not the aim of science, 1, 4, 30, 38, 325;

nor the test of truth, 328;

but results of science are useful, 1 f., 4 f., 38, 331.

Value, not a scientific term, 1, 4, 22, 30, 325, 331.

Vividness, of sensation, 66, 92;

shift of, in attention, 91 f., 93;

not to be confused with intensity, 92 f.;

or with clearness of meaning, 93;

levels of, in attention, 99 ff.;

inverse relation of focal and marginal, 100, 108 f.;

nervous correlate of, 107, 109.

Vocality, of simple tones, 52 f.

Volume, of tones, 52;

perception of crude spatial, due to brain-habit, 130 f.

Warmth, sensation of, 43 ff., 64;

in sense-feelings, 82.

Weber’s law, 67 f., 81, 135;

usefulness of, 68 f.

Will, definition of, 255;

types of, 256;

in relation to hypnosis, 343, 347.

Wish, 256 f.;

alleged fulfilment of, in dreams, 341.

Word-reaction, 254 f.

Words, experiment on perception of, 23 ff.;

are ingrained meanings, 150, 164, 269 f., 316;

induce secondary images, 186;

logical order of, psychologically misleading, 191;

danger of technical terms, 213;

always had derivative or symbolic meaning, 270;

relating to self, misleading, 322 f.

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