class="isub1">a fundamental right, 95, 204, 220

Duties, export, 22; uniform, 40, 171

Duty, a ministerial, 110, 111, 112

E

Election, disputed, of President or Vice-President, 180

Elections, disputed presidential, 167

Electors, denial of right of, 179

England, as sovereign, 2

Excises, 40, 171

Executive, law of, 102–112;

checks on, 166–169

Exemption, from taxation (Churches, Schools, etc.), 60;

from income tax, 61

Expatriation, 222

Expenditures, public statement of, 22

Ex post facto law, 22, 171, 177, 224

F

Federalist, The, quoted or cited, 4, 8, 12, 13, 17, 33, 34, 35, 36, 116, 117, 118, 187

Fee, license, 74

Felonies, 44

Florida, as a territory, status in U.S., 127

France, as sovereign, 2

Fugitives from justice, 151, 152;

political, 153, 154

Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation, 48

G

Gallatin, Albert, on Louisiana purchase, 14, 15

Government, representative, 2;

republican form guaranteed, 6;

a unit, 19;

distinguished from sovereignty, 23;

limited, affected by Sixteenth Amendment, 23, 24;

national, when supreme, 34;

nature of national, 38;

Marshall’s differentiation between State and federal, 51;

of the U.S., distinct from the State, 116;

what constitutes a lawful State, 128;

principal of separation of powers of, 135, 27, 28

Patent rights, 36, 43

People, The, sovereign, 2;

author of supreme law, 5, 6;

power to amend constitution, 7;

sovereignty of, 12, 13

Piracies, 44, 45

Polygamy, 203

Possessions, outlying, power of Congress over, 161, 162, 163

Post offices, 42

Post roads, 42

Powers, derivative 2;

original and derivative distinguished, 5;

taxing, 9;

legislative, 18–50;

defined, 18;

character of, 18–50;

separation of, 19, 20;

of respective Houses, 20, 21, 22;

limitations of, 18, 22, 23, 24;

American doctrine of, 19;

parliamentary, 20, 21;

nature and extent of Constitutional, 21;

of Congress reflect eighteenth century ideas, 25, 26;

of Congress derivative, 34, 35;

implied, 36;

conflict between State and federal, 36–39;

implied or expressed, 38, 39, 55;

police, 42–45, 73, 74, 79, 81, 91, 92, 98, 121, 205–208;

of Congress as to crime or immorality, 42;

taxing, 52, et seq.;

of State governments, 55, 56;

judicial review of taxing, 57, 58;

police powers of U.S. and States distinguished, 68;

residuary of States,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

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