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Fig. | | Page |
??1. | Nerve-cells, from larger and smaller animals (Minot, after Irving Hardesty) | 37 |
??2. | Relative magnitudes of some minute organisms (Zsigmondy) | 39 |
??3. | Curves of growth in man (Quetelet and Bowditch) | 61 |
??4,?5. | Mean annual increments of stature and weight in man (do.) | 66, 69 |
??6. | The ratio, throughout life, of female weight to male (do.) | 71 |
??7–9. | Curves of growth of child, before and after birth (His and RÜssow) | 74–6 |
?10. | Curve of growth of bamboo (Ostwald, after Kraus) | 77 |
?11. | Coefficients of variability in human stature (Boas and Wissler) | 80 |
?12. | Growth in weight of mouse (Wolfgang Ostwald) | 83 |
?13. | Do. of silkworm (Luciani and Lo Monaco) | 84 |
?14. | Do. of tadpole (Ostwald, after Schaper) | 85 |
?15. | Larval eels, or Leptocephali, and young elver (Joh. Schmidt) | 86 |
?16. | Growth in length of Spirogyra (Hofmeister) | 87 |
?17. | Pulsations of growth in Crocus (Bose) | 88 |
?18. | Relative growth of brain, heart and body of man (Quetelet) | 90 |
?19. | Ratio of stature to span of arms (do.) | 94 |
?20. | Rates of growth near the tip of a bean-root (Sachs) | 96 |
?21,?22. | The weight-length ratio of the plaice, and its annual periodic changes | 99, 100 |
?23. | Variability of tail-forceps in earwigs (Bateson) | 104 |
?24. | Variability of body-length in plaice | 105 |
?25. | Rate of growth in plants in relation to temperature (Sachs) | 109 |
?26. | Do. in maize, observed (KÖppen), and calculated curves | 112 |
?27. | Do. in roots of peas (Miss I. Leitch) | 113 |
?28,?29. | Rate of growth of frog in relation to temperature (Jenkinson, after O. Hertwig), and calculated curves of do. | 115, 6 |
?30. | Seasonal fluctuation of rate of growth in man (Daffner) | 119 |
?31. | Do. in the rate of growth of trees (C. E. Hall) | 120 |
?32. | Long-period fluctuation in the rate of growth of Arizona trees (A. E. Douglass) | 122 |
129. | Arachnophyllum pentagonum (Nicholson) | 326 |
130. | Heliolites (Woods) | 326 |
131. | Confluent septa in Thamnastraea and Comoseris (Nicholson, after Zittel) | 327 |
132. | Geometrical construction of a bee’s cell | 330 |
133. | Stellate cells in the pith of a rush; diagrammatic | 335 |
134. | Diagram of soap-films formed in a cubical wire skeleton (Plateau) | 337 |
135. | Polar furrows in systems of four soap-bubbles (Robert) | 341 |
136–8. | Diagrams illustrating the division of a cube by partitions of minimal area | 347–50 |
139. | Cells from hairs of Sphacelaria (Berthold) | 351 |
140. | The bisection of an isosceles triangle by minimal partitions | 353 |
141. | The similar partitioning of spheroidal and conical cells | 353 |
142. | S-shaped partitions from cells of algae and mosses (Reinke and others) | 355 |
143. | Diagrammatic explanation of the S-shaped partitions | 356 |
144. | Development of Erythrotrichia (Berthold) | 359 |
145. | Periclinal, anticlinal and radial partitioning of a quadrant | 359 |
146. | Construction for the minimal partitioning of a quadrant | 361 |
147. | Another diagram of anticlinal and periclinal partitions | 362 |
148. | Mode of segmentation of an artificially flattened frog’s egg (Roux) | 363 |
149. | The bisection, by minimal partitions, of a prism of small angle | 364 |
150. | Comparative diagram of the various modes of bisection of a prismatic sector | 365 |
151. | Diagram of the further growth of the two halves of a quadrantal cell | 367 |
152. | Diagram of the origin of an epidermic layer of cells | 370 |
153. | A discoidal cell dividing into octants | 371 |
154. | A germinating spore of Riccia (after Campbell), to shew the manner of space-partitioning in the cellular tissue | 372 |
155,?6. | Theoretical arrangement of successive partitions in a discoidal cell | 373 |
157. | Sections of a moss-embryo (Kienitz-Gerloff) | 374 |
158. | Various possible arrangements of partitions in groups of four to eight cells | 375 |
Opercula of Turbo and of Nerita (Moseley) | 521, 2 |
265. | A section of the shell of Melo ethiopicus | 525 |
266. | Shells of Harpa and Dolium, to illustrate generating curves and gene | 526 |
267. | D’Orbigny’s Helicometer | 529 |
268. | Section of a nautiloid shell, to shew the “protoconch” | 531 |
269–73. | Diagrams of logarithmic spirals, of various angles | 532–5 |
274,?6,?7. | Constructions for determining the angle of a logarithmic spiral | 537, 8 |
275. | An ammonite, to shew its corrugated surface pattern | 537 |
278–80. | Illustrations of the “angle of retardation” | 542–4 |
281. | A shell of Macroscaphites, to shew change of curvature | 550 |
282. | Construction for determining the length of the coiled spire | 551 |
283. | Section of the shell of Triton corrugatus (Woodward) | 554 |
284. | Lamellaria perspicua and Sigaretus haliotoides (do.) | 555 |
285,?6. | Sections of the shells of Terebra maculata and Trochus niloticus | 559, 60 |
287–9. | Diagrams illustrating the lines of growth on a lamellibranch shell | 563–5 |
290. | Caprinella adversa (Woodward) | 567 |
291. | Section of the shell of Productus (Woods) | 567 |
292. | The “skeletal loop” of Terebratula (do.) | 568 |
293,?4. | The spiral arms of Spirifer and of Atrypa (do.) | 569 |
295–7. | Shells of Cleodora, Hyalaea and other pteropods (Boas) | 570, 1 |
298,?9. | Coordinate diagrams of the shell-outline in certain pteropods | 572, 3 |
300. | Development of the shell of Hyalaea tridentata (Tesch) | 573 |
301. | Pteropod shells, of Cleodora and Hyalaea, viewed from the side (Boas) | 575 |
302,?3. | Diagrams of septa in a conical shell | 579 |
304. | A section of Nautilus, shewing the logarithmic spirals of the septa to which the shell-spiral is the evolute | 581 |
305. | Cast of the interior of the shell of Nautilus, to shew the contours of the septa at their junction with the shell-wall | 582 |
306. | Ammonites Sowerbyi, to shew septal outlines (Zittel, after Steinmann and DÖderlein) | 584 | 405. The same coordinates on a new projection, adapted to the skull of the chimpanzee | 770 |
406. | Chimpanzee’s skull, inscribed in the network of Fig. 405 | 771 |
407,?8. | Corresponding diagrams of a baboon’s skull, and of a dog’s | 771,3 |