Onanism. See Masturbation

Opacity. Opaque condition of parts of the eye, causing blindness.

Opalescent. Reflecting a milky light.

Opaque. See Opacity.

Ophthalmia. Inflammation of the eye.

Ophthalmic. Belonging to the eye.

Ophthalmoscope. An instrument for examining the inside of the eye, for diagnostic purposes.

Optic Nerve. The nerve connecting the brain and eye, and employed in the sense of sight.

Organic. Pertaining to the structure of an organ.

Orifice. Opening or mouth.

Osseous Tissue. Bony structure.

Ossification, Ossifying. Made into bone by the deposit of phosphate of lime.

Os uteri. Mouth of womb. Illus. page 206.

Ova. Plural of ovum.

Ovaries. Two ovoid bodies situated either side of the womb. Illus. page 206.

Ovary. The female organ in which the ovum, or germ-cell, is formed. Illus, page 206.

Ovulation. The formation of the germ-cell in the ovary and its release from that organ.

Ovum. Defined and illustrated on pages 12 and 13.

Oxygen. The vital gas of the atmospheric air.

OzÆna. Described on page 474.

P

Palliative. A remedy or treatment which relieves, but does not cure.

Papilla, PapillÆ. Small, nipple-shaped prominences found on the tongue, the skin, etc.[pg 986]Paraplegia. Paralysis affecting the upper or lower extremities of the body

Parasites. Animals which live in the bodies of other animals; as the tape-worm itch insect, etc.

Parenchyma. The texture of an organ; as the liver, kidneys, etc.

Parotid Glands. These are situated under the ear, just at the angle of the lower jaw, and secrete saliva.

Paroxysms. The periodical attack, fit or aggravation in the course of a disease.

Parturient. Bringing forth or having recently brought forth.

Parturition. Labor; the delivery of the foetus.

Pastiles. Small medicated lozenges.

Pathognomonic. A characteristic symptom of a disease.

Pathology. That part of the Science of Medicine the object of which is the knowledge of disease.

Pedicle. The stalk or narrow part of a tumor by which it is attached and supported.

Pelvic. Belonging to and relating to the pelvis.

Pelvis. The lower part of the abdomen or trunk, composed of bone, containing the genital and urinary organs; supports the backbone and is supported by the legs.

Penis. The male organ of generation. Illus. page 207.

Pepsin. The digestive solvent secreted by the stomach.

Peptic. Pertaining to the stomach.

Percusslon. Striking the surface and by the sound produced judging of the condition of the internal organs.

Pericarditis. Described on page 548.

Pericardium. The membranous sac enclosing the heart.

Perineal section. An operation by division of the perineum.

Perineum. The space bounded by the end of the spine, sexual organs and the bony prominences on which one sits.

Periostium. The membranous covering to all bones.

Peristaltic motion. A worm-like movement of the bowels by which the food is moved forward.

Peritoneum. The membrane (serous) which lines the abdominal cavities and surrounds the intestines.

Peritonitis. Inflammation of serous membrane lining abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Pessaries, Pessary. An instrument for holding the womb in its place.

Pestilence. A malignant, spreading disease. A plague.

Phagadenic. That which corrodes or eats away rapidly.

Pharmaceutical. Anything belonging to pharmacy.

Pharynx. The cavity back of the mouth and palate through which the air passes when breathing and the food when swallowing.

Phimosis. Elongated prepuce

Phlegmonous. Affecting the cellular membrane. The common boil is an example.

Phosphate. A substance containing phosphorus.

Phosphates, earthy. The white deposit in urine composed of phosphoric acid and a base.

Phthisic. Consumption. By some the word is used for Asthma, or difficulty in breathing.

Phthisis. Consumption. See p. 497.

Physiological Anatomy. The branch of medicine that defines the organs of the body and their particular actions.

Physiology. The science which treats of the phenomena and functions of animal life.

Pia Mater. The internal vascular membrane covering the brain.

Pimples on the face. Defined on page 443.

Placenta. Afterbirth.

Plague. A malignant epidemic; begins in Asia Minor.

Plethora, Plethoric. Full of blood; maybe general or confined to a part.

Pleura. Defined on page 64.

Pleurodynia. Spasmodic or rheumatic pain in the chest muscles.

Pleuro-pneumonia. Inflammation of both the pleura and lungs.

Pollution (self). Excitement of the sexual organs by the hand or other unnatural method.

Polyp. An aquatic animal, as the coral builders.

Polypi. More than one polypus.

Polypoid. Like a polypus in shape or construction.

Polypus. Tumors which grow from mucous membranes, commonly found in the nasal and vaginal cavities.

Portal vessels. The cluster of veins which join and enter the liver.

Pott's Disease. Described on page 898; illus. pages 898 and 899.

Poultice. A mixture of bread or meal, etc., and hot water, spread on a cloth and applied to the surface.

Pox. Syphilis.

Precocity. Prematurely developed.

Prehension. Carrying food to the mouth.

Prepuce. Foreskin.

Probang. Soft swab.

Probe. An instrument for examining wounds and cavities. A piece of wire with a blunt point is a probe.

Procreation. Production or generation of offspring.

Prognosis. Opinion of the future course of a disease.

Prolapsus. A falling down of an organ through an orifice, as the womb, bowel, etc.

Prophylactic. Preventive.

Proprietary Medicines. Described on page 298.

Prostate Gland. Described on page 778 and illus. on page 207.

Proteids. goods composed Of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen: as the white of an egg.[pg 987]Protozoon. First life; life in the lowest scale; as sponges.

Proud-flesh. Abnormal growths which arise in wounds or ulcers.

Pruritic. Itching.

Pruritus vulvÆ. A nervous disease attended with excessive itching of the external genital parts of the female.

Psoas or Lumbar Abscess. An abscess discharging at the groin.

Psychical. The relation of the soul to animal experiences and being.

Psychological. The spiritual potencies of the soul.

Ptyalin. The ferment of the saliva which converts starch into sugar.

Puberty. The age at which the subject is capable of procreation.

Pubic. Relating to the pubes, a part above the genital organs, covered with hair at puberty.

Puerperal Fever. Child-bed fever.

Pulmonary. Relating to the lungs.

Pupil. The circular opening in the colored curtain within the eye.

Purgatives. Medicines which cause evacuation of the bowels.

Purulent. Discharging pus; as an ulcer.

Pus. A yellowish, inodorous, creamy secretion from inflamed parts; contained in abscesses or discharging from ulcers.

Pustular. Belonging to or affected by pustules.

Pustule. An elevation on the skin, containing pus or "matter," and having an inflamed base.

Putrescence. Decomposition, rottenness.

Putrescent. Decomposing offensively.

Putridity. Corruption.

PyrÆmia. Blood-poisoning from the absorption of decomposing pus or "matter."

Pyloric orifice. The lower opening of the stomach; illus. page 39.

Pyriform. Shaped like a pear.

Q

Quickening. The time when the motion of the foetus within the womb is first perceptible; between the fourth and fifth months of pregnancy.

R

Radical cure. A cure in which the disease is entirely removed, root and branch.

Rales. Noises produced by air passing through mucus in the lungs.

Rectal. Pertaining to the rectum.

Rectum. The lower portion of the intestines terminating in the anus.

Recumbent. Reclining.

Reflex action. See pages 93 and 99.

Regurgitation. The act by which blood is forced backwards in an unnatural manner.

Remission. A temporary diminution of the symptoms of fever.

Reproduction. Producing living bodies similar to the parents.

Resolution. The disappearance of inflammation without suppuration.

Respiration. The function by which the blue blood is converted into red blood in the lungs.

Respirator. Described on page 230.

Retina. Defined on page 107.

Retrocedent. Moving from one part of the body to another; as gout.

Retrocession. Change of an eruption from the surface to the inner parts.

Retroversion. A change in the position of the womb in which the top falls back against the rectum.

Revulsion, Revulsive. Calling the blood away from the diseased part.

Rickets. A disease in children characterized by crookedness of the spine and long bones resulting from scrofula or poor and insufficient food.

Rickety. Affected with rickets.

Rings (Hernial). Circular openings with muscular edges through which a vessel or part passes.

Rubefacients. Medicines which produce redness of the skin.

Rupture. Bursting. Hernia.

S

Saccharine. Like or containing sugar.

Saliva. The secretion of the glands of the mouth.

SalpÆ. Little sack-like shaped, soft, fleshy bodies, found in the open ocean, and sometimes phosphorescent.

Sanative. Curative. Tending to restore lost health.

Sanguine Temperament. Described on page 163.

Sanitarium. An institution for the treatment of the sick. A healthy retreat.

Scales. The epidermis or outer part of the skin consists of minute scales. See Fig. 50, page 71.

Scalp. The skin covering the head.

Scapula. Shoulder blade.

Sciatic nerve. The great nerve of the thigh.

Scirrhus. Stony hardness, characteristic of cancer.

Sclerotic coat. The hard, pearly white covering of the eye.

Scorbutic. Producing scurvy, a disease caused by improper or insufficient food.

Scorbutus. Scurvy.

Scrofulous. Suffering from a condition of the system characterized by enlargement of the glands, eruptions, etc., with great susceptibility to contagion.

Scrotum. The bag of skin which covers the testicles.

Scurvy. A disease due to impaired nutrition.

Sea Tangle. A water-plant, which in its dried state is introduced into a canal and dilates the canal as it expands by the absorption of moisture.

Sebaceous Glands. The oil-tubes of the skin. Illus. page 71.[pg 988] Secretion. The process by which substances are separated from the blood.

Sedatives. Medicines which allay irritation or irritability of the nervous system.

Sedentary. Requiring much sitting.

Self-pollution. See Self-abuse.

Semen. The secretion of the testicles which is thrown out during sexual intercourse and contains the principle of generation.

Semi-fluid. Half fluid.

Semilunar Valves. Valves in the heart. See 9 and 17, Fig. 41, page 58.

Seminal vesicles. Reservoirs for the sperm. See Seminal Sac, on page 207.

Septic. That which corrodes or produces putrefaction.

SepticÆmia. Blood-poisoning; usually by absorption.

Sequel. That which follows; the condition or malady which follows a disease.

Serous. Watery. Pertaining to the serous membrane.

Serous Tissue. The membranes lining the closed cavities of the body, which secrete a watery, lubricating fluid.

Shock. Sudden depression of vitality occasioned by injury.

Sitz Bath. See page 367.

Sloughing. The process of separating a mortified part from a healthy part, through the agency of pus.

Smell, Nerves of. Illus. page 111.

Solar Plexus. Described on page 104.

Solvents. Those chemicals which break up or dissolve substances.

Sordes. Foul accumulation on the teeth, noticed in fevers.

Sound. An instrument for exploring cavities or canals for diagnosis or treatment.

Specialty. That to which special attention is given.

Specific gravity. Comparative weight; as between urine and water.

Speculum. An instrument for examining cavities. Illus. pages 717 and 718.

Sperm. See Semen.

Spermatic Cord. The mass of arteries, veins, nerves, absorbents and their coverings, which passes along the groin and over the pubic bone, to the testicle.

Spermatorrhea. Described on page 772.

Spermatozoa. More than one SpermatozoÖn.

SpermatozoÖn. Defined on page 12; Illus. page 13.

Sphincters. Bound muscles which close natural openings.

Sphygmograph. An instrument for examining the heart. Illus. page 548.

Spicula. A small pointed piece of bone.

Spinal Column. The twenty-four bones, which, situated one above the other, form the backbone.

Spinal Cord. Described on page 90.

Spirometer. A gauge of chest capacity. Illus. page 392.

Sponge tent. Compressed, dried sponge previously treated with Gum Arabic, used for dilating the uterine canal.

Sporadic, Sporadically. A term for diseases which appear frequently, independent of epidemic or contagious influences.

Sprain. A straining or rupture of the fibrous parts of a joint.

Staphyloma. Protrusion of the eye, sometimes with loss of sight.

Sterility. Barrenness. Inability to bear children.

Sternum. The breast-bone.

Stethoscope. An instrument for examining the heart and lungs.

Stimulants. Medicines which increase the vital activity of the body.

Stool. Evacuations of the bowels. Dung.

Strabismus. Cross-eyes.

Strangulated. Caught or fastened in the hernial canal.

Striated. Grooved or striped.

Stricture. A contracted condition of a canal or passage; of the food-pipe, rectum, urethra, etc.

Structural. Belonging to the arrangements of tissues or organs.

Strumous. Scrofulous.

Stupor. Great diminution of sensibility.

Stye. A little boil on the eyelid.

Styptic. An external astringent wash.

Sub-acute. A moderate form of acute.

Sudoriferous Glands. Minute organs in the skin, which secrete the perspiration. Illus. page 70.

Supporters (Uterine). Instruments intended to hold the womb in its natural position.

Suppression. Stoppage or obstruction of discharges; as urine, menses, etc.

Suppuration. A gathering. Formation of pus, as in an abscess or ulcer.

Suture pins. Pins or needles, which are passed through the edges of wounds to bring them together. Thread is then wound around the pin to hold the edges in place.

Sutures. The ragged edges of bones by which they are joined to each other. Stitches of thread to bring the edges of a wound together for their union.

Sympathetic Nerve. Defined on page 101.

Symptom. A change in the body or in its functions which indicates disease.

Symptomatic. Pertaining to symptoms.

Synovial Membrane. The lining of a joint, which from its oily secretion allows the bones to move freely upon each other.

Synovitis. Described on page 452.

T

Tapping. Removing collected fluid by introducing a hollow tube through the flesh.

Temperament. Peculiarities of the constitution manifested by traits which we denominate character.[pg 989]Tenesmus. Straining at stool.

Tent. A compressed, dried cylinder of sponge, previously treated with Gum Arabic, which enlarges the canal in which it is placed by expansion from the absorption of moisture.

Testicles. Described on page 773; Illus. page 207.

Thermometer. An instrument for determining temperature.

Thoracic Duct. A canal which carries the chyle from its repository in the abdomen to the large vein in the chest, near the heart.

Thorax. Chest.

Tinctures. Medicines held in solution by alcohol.

Tonic. Defined on page 350.

Topical. Local.

Topography. Description in detail of a place; in hygiene, to determine its adaptability to residence.

Tormina. Griping of the bowels.

Torticollis. Stiffness or contraction of the muscles of the neck. Wryneck.

Tourniquet. An instrument to stop bleeding. Illus. Fig. 252, page 890.

Trachea. Windpipe. See page 63.

Translucent. Transmitting light, but not permitting objects to be seen distinctly.

Transudation. Passage of liquid through the tissues of the body.

Traumatic. Relating to a wound or injury.

Trephining. Removing a piece of bone by a cylindrical saw.

Triturate. To pulverize.

Trocar. An instrument for removing fluids from cavities. It consists of a perforator within a cylinder.

Truncated. Shaped like a pyramid with its top cut off.

Truss. A mechanical appliance for preventing protrusion or strangulation. Hernial support.

Tubercle. See pages 431 and 498.

Turn of life. The change of life when menstruation ceases.

Tympanum. Ear-drum. Illus. p. 109.

U

Umbilical. Of the navel; as umbilical hernia. Illus. page 883.

Umbilical Cord. A cord-like substance which conveys the blood to the foetus from the placenta or afterbirth.

Umbilicus. The Navel.

Unstriated. Not grooved or striped.

UrÆmic. Pertaining to blood-poisoning from the presence of urea in the circulation.

Urates. The pinkish deposit found in urine.

Urea. A constituent of the urine.

Ureters. The canals leading from the kidneys to the bladder. Illus. pages 85 and 207.

Urethra. The canal leading from the bladder outwards, by which the urine is voided. Illus. page 207.

Urethrotomy. The operation for opening the urethra for the removal of stricture.

Uric Acid. A constituent of the urine.

Urinary Fistula. Abnormal communication between the urinary passages and the surface.

Urino-genital organs. Pertaining to the urinary and sexual organs.

Uterine. Belonging or relating to the womb.

Uterine Cavity or Canal. From the month of the womb to a constriction called the internal orifice, is a cylindrical space called the canal. Above this to the fundus or base is a triangular and flat space called the cavity.

V

Vagina. A canal, five or six inches long, situated between the vulva and womb.

Vaginal. Pertaining to the vagina.

Vaginismus. Irritable vagina.

Valves of the Heart. See page 58.

Varicocele. Described on page 803.

Varicose. Veins that are twisted or dilated.

Vascular. Belonging or relating to vessels.

Vascular System. The heart and blood-vessels.

Veins. The vessels which return the blue blood to the heart.

Venereal. Syphilitic.

Ventricles. Chambers in the heart. See 5 and 14, Fig. 41, page 58.

Vermifuge. A medicine which destroys or expels worms.

Version. Displacement of the womb forwards or backwards.

VertebrÆ. The twenty-four bones which joined together form the backbone.

Vertebrates. Animals having the jointed skeleton within; distinguishes between these and insects, worms, oysters, jelly fish, etc.

Vertigo. Dizziness Or swimming of the head.

Vesicles. Small bladders or sacs. Pimples.

Vesicular. Belonging to or containing cells.

Villi. Minute thread-like projections.

Virile power. Masculine vigor. Sexual vigor.

Virus. Poison. The agent which transmits infectious disease.

Viscera. (Plural of Viscus.) More than one internal organ.

Viscous. Sticky. Tenacious.

Viscus. Any internal organ.

Vitreous Humor. The fluid in the eye behind the lens. Illus. page 107.

Volitive Temperament. See page 171.

Vulva. The external organs of generation in the female, or the opening between these projecting parts.

W

Walls. The sides of an enclosure, as the walls of the vagina, which to soma extent support the womb.

Whites. Described on page 702.[pg 990]

HOW TO AVOID SWINDLERS

Who Sometimes Infest the Cars and Depots in and Near this City.

We warn all those who contemplate visiting us, that we have the most positive proofs that a gang of confidence men have at different times made it their business to watch for sick and infirm people on the way to our institutions, and divert them into the hands of "sharpers," confidence men and swindlers. These men have watched for the coming of invalids on the cars, in and around the depots, in the offices of the hotels located near the depots, and if inquiry was made for our institutions, or if the object of the visit to the city was made known or suspected from the invalid appearance of the traveler, they at once commenced weaving their skillfully-wrought web to catch a victim.