  The object of hygiene is the preservation of health. Hitherto, we have considered, at some length, the science of functions, or Physiology, and now, under the head of Hygiene, we will give an outline of the means of maintaining the functional integrity of the system. It is difficult to avoid including under this head Preventive Medicine, the special province of which is to abate, remove, or destroy the many causes of disease. The Greeks bestowed divine honors upon Aesculapius, because he remedied the evils of mankind and healed the sick. The word hygiene is derived from Hygeia, the name of the Greek goddess of health. As male and female are made one in wedlock, so Medicine and Hygiene, restoration and preservation, are inseparably united. Hygiene inculcates sanitary discipline, medicine, remedial discipline; hygiene prescribes healthful agencies, medical theory and practice, medicinal agencies; hygiene ministers with salubrious and salutary agents, medicine assuages with rectifying properties and qualities; hygiene upholds and sustains, medical practice corrects and heals; the one is preservative and conservative, the other curative and restorative. These discriminations are as radical as health and sickness, as distinct as physiology and pathology, and to confound them is as unnatural as to look for the beauties of health in the chamber of sickness. In the following pages we shall introduce to the reader's attention several important hygienic subjects, although there are many more that ought to receive special notice. Such as we do mention, demand universal attention, because a disregard of the conditions which we shall enumerate, is fraught with great danger. Our lives are lengthened or shortened by the observance or neglect of the rules of common sense, and these do not require any great personal sacrifice, or the practice of absurd precautions. PURE AIR FOR RESPIRATION.Ordinary atmospheric air contains nearly 2,100 parts of oxygen and 7,900 of nitrogen, and about three parts of carbonic acid, in 10,000 parts; expired air contains about 470 parts of carbonic acid, and only between 1500 and 1600 parts of oxygen, while the quantity of nitrogen undergoes little or no alteration. Thus air which has been breathed has lost about five per cent. of oxygen and has gained nearly five per cent. of carbonic acid. In addition the expired air contains Therefore, every human being should be supplied, by proper ventilation, with a sufficient supply of fresh air. Every adult individual ought to have at least 800 cubic feet of air-space to himself, and this space ought to communicate freely with the external atmosphere by means of direct or indirect channels. Hence, a sleeping-room for one adult person should not be less than nine by ten feet in breadth and length and nine feet in height. What occurred in the Black Hole at Calcutta is an excellent illustration of the effect of vitiated air. One hundred and forty-six Englishmen were confined in a room eighteen Ventilation of School Rooms. The depression and faintness from which many students suffer, after being confined in a poorly ventilated school room, is clearly traceable to vitiated air, while the evil is often ascribed to excessive mental exertion. The effect of ventilation upon the health of students is a subject of universal interest to parents and educators, and at present is receiving the marked attention of school authorities. Dr. F. Windsor, of Winchester, Mass., made a few pertinent remarks upon this subject in the annual report of the State Board of Health, of Massachusetts, 1874. One of the institutions, which was spoken of in the report of 1873, as a model, in the warming and ventilation of which much care had been bestowed, was visited in December, 1873. He reports as follows: "I visited several of the rooms, and found the air in all, offensive to the smell, the odor being such as one would imagine old boots, dirty clothes, and perspiration would make if boiled down together; again, in the new model school-house the hot air enters at two registers in the floor on one side, and makes (or is supposed to make) its exit by a ventilator at the floor, on the other side of the room." The master said "the air was supposed to have some degree of intelligence, and to know that the ventilator was its proper exit." Thorough ventilation has been neglected by many school officials on account of the increased expense it causes. In our climate, during seven months at least, pure atmospheric air must be paid for. The construction of vertical ducts, the extra amount of fuel, and the attendant expenditures are the objections which, in the opinion of many persons, outweigh the health and happiness of the future generation. It is necessary for the proper ventilation of our school rooms that an adequate supply of fresh air should be admitted, which should be warmed before being admitted to the room, and which should be discharged as contaminated, after its expiration. The proper ventilation of the school room consists in the warming and introduction of fresh air from without, and the discharge of the expired and unwholesome air from within. This may be accomplished by Ventilation of Factories and Workshops. This is a subject which demands the immediate attention of manufacturers and employers. The odors of oil, coal gas, and animal products, render the air foul and stagnant, and often give rise to violent diseases among the operatives. From two to four hundred persons are often confined in workshops six hundred feet long, with no means of ventilation except windows on one side only. The air is breathed and re-breathed, until the operatives complain of languor and headache, which they attribute to overwork. The real cause of the headache is the inhalation of foul air at every expansion of the lungs. If the proprietors would provide efficient means for ventilating their workshops, the cost of construction would be repaid with compound interest, in the better health of their operatives and the consequent increase of labor. Our manufacturers must learn and practice the great principle of political economy, namely, that the interests of the laborer and employer are mutual. Ventilation of our dwellings. Not less important is the ventilation of our dwellings; each apartment should be provided with some channel for the escape of the noxious vapors constantly accumulating. Most of the tenements occupied by the poor of our cities are literally dens of poison. Their children inhale disease with their earliest breath. What wonder that our streets are filled with squalid, wan-visaged children! Charity, indeed, visits these miserable homes, bringing garments and food to their half-famished inmates; but she has been slow to learn that fresh air is just as essential to life as food or clothing. Care should be taken by the public SITE FOR HOMES.Malaria. When about to construct our residences, besides securing proper ventilation and adequate drainage, we ought to select the location for a home on dry soil. Low levels, damp surroundings, and marshy localities not only breed malaria and fevers, but are a prolific cause of colds, coughs, and consumption. Care should be taken not to locate a dwelling where the natural currents of air, or high winds, will be likely to bring the poison of decayed vegetable matter from low lands. Certain brooks, boggy land, ponds, foggy localities, too much shade, all these are favorable to the development of disease. Then the walls of a building should be so constructed as to admit air between the exterior and interior surfaces, otherwise the interior of the house will be damp and unwholesome. In the dead of winter in northern latitudes Neither should the dwelling be shaded by dense foliage. The dampness of the leaves tends to attract malaria. Trees growing a little distance from the house, however, obstruct the transmission of unhealthy vapors arising beyond them. Malaria generally lurks near the surface of the earth, and seems to be more abundant in the night time. Persons sleeping in the upper story of a house may escape its morbid influence, while those occupying apartments on the lower floor, become affected. DAMP CELLARS.Damp cellars, under residences, are a fruitful cause of disease. Dr. Sanford B. Hunt, in an article in the Newark Daily Advertiser, speaking of the recent epidemic of diphtheria in New York City, says: "Pestilences that come bodily, like cholera, are faced and beaten by sanitary measures. Those which come more subtly need for their defeat only a higher detective ability and a closer study of causes, many of which are known, but hidden under the cellars of our houses, and which at last are only preventable by public authority and at public expense in letting out the imprisoned dampness which saturates the earth on which our dwellings are built. Where wood rots, men decay. This is clearly shown in the sanitary map printed in the Times. In the great district surrounding Central Park, and which participates in its drainage system, there are no cases. On the whole line of Fifth Avenue there are none. The exempt districts are clearly defined by the character of the soil, drainage, and sewerage, and by the topography, which either has natural or artificial drainage, but most of which is so dry that only surface-water and house-filth—which does not exist in those palaces—can affect the health of the residents. But in the tenement houses and on the made lands where running streams have been filled in and natural springs choked up by earth DUST AND DISEASE.The air we breathe is heavily loaded with minute particles of floating dust, their presence being revealed only by intense local illumination. Professor Tyndall says: "solar light, in passing through a dark room, reveals its track by illuminating the dust floating in the air. 'The sun,' says Daniel Culverwell, 'discovers atoms, though they be invisible by candle-light, and makes them dance naked in his beams.'" After giving the details and results of a series of experiments in which he attempted to extract the dust from the air of the Royal Institute by passing it through a tube containing fragments of glass wetted with concentrated sulphuric acid, and thence through a second tube containing fragments of marble wetted with a strong solution of caustic potash, which experiments were attended with perfect failure, the Professor continues, "I tried to intercept this floating matter in various ways; and on the day just mentioned, prior to sending the COTTON-WOOL RESPIRATOR."I now empty my lungs as perfectly as possible, and placing a handful of cotton-wool against my mouth and nostrils, inhale through it. There is no difficulty in thus filling the lungs The application of these experiments is obvious. If a physician wishes to hold back from the lungs of his patient, or from his own, the germs or virus by which contagious disease is propagated, he will employ a cotton-wool respirator. If perfectly filtered, attendants may breathe the air unharmed. In all probability the protection of the lungs and mouth will be the protection of the entire system. For it is exceedingly probable that the germs which lodge in the air-passages, or find their way with the saliva into the stomach with its absorbent system, are those which sow in the body epidemic disease. If this be so, then disease can be warded off by carefully prepared filters of cotton-wool. I should be most willing to test their efficacy in my own person. But apart from all doubtful applications, it is perfectly certain that various noxious trades in England may be rendered harmless by the use of such filters. I have had conclusive evidence of this from people engaged in such trades. A form of respirator devised by Mr. Garrick, a hotel proprietor in Glasgow, in which inhalation and exhalation occur through two different valves, the one permitting the air to enter through the cotton-wool, and the other permitting the exit of the air direct into the atmosphere, is well adapted for this purpose. But other forms might readily be devised." LIGHT AND HEALTH.Our dwellings ought freely to admit the sunlight. Diseases which have baffled the skill of physicians have been known to yield when the patients were removed from dark rooms to light and cheerful apartments. Lavoisier placed light, as an n at its mouth or meatus.
Spermatorrhea not infrequently results from stricture of the urethra, even when the affection is quite slight. Our attention was first called to this subject by the consideration of the numerous cases in which epileptic convulsions or "fits," and other serious diseases of the nervous system in children, have resulted from an unnatural contraction of the prepuce or foreskin, constituting what is termed phimosis. Every surgeon of experience has met with many of these cases of reflex irritation. It occurred to us, that, inasmuch as these contractions of the foreskin give rise to nervous diseases of an alarming nature, may not an unnatural narrowing of the urethral canal, which must have exactly the same effect in retarding the flow of the urine, give rise to irritable nervous affections in adults. May not unnatural irritation and excitement of the sexual organs, so set up, cause loss of semen to occur during sleep, and consequent nervous and general debility? It is a well recognized fact that the urethral canal should bear a certain It is a well established fact that improper diet, cold, exposure, and over-work exert a very powerful modifying influence upon the urinary secretion, frequently causing an acrid and irritating condition of this fluid. This condition, when associated with a contracted urethra, must result in irritation of the mucous membrane lining this canal back of the stricture, if long continued or frequently repeated. As an illustration, we have a hose pipe from which, by means of a small nozzle, water is expelled a considerable distance, but a great tension is put upon the hose behind the nozzle. If the pressure is increased greatly the hose will burst; but, if the small nozzle be replaced with a larger one, the projection of the stream will be quite as great, but all undue tension of the pipe is overcome and the danger of bursting is done away with. We have, in an unnaturally contracted urethra, a favorable condition for the development of disease in the urinary canal and adjacent parts of the generative organs. Irritation is set up in the urethra behind the stricture by undue strain in passing water, and the frequent reoccurrence of acrid urine, as the result of any of the causes we have already mentioned, this irritation keeps gradually increasing. It will be felt more during the periods when the urine is acrid, but may pass unnoticed even at such times. The seminal sacs and the prostate and Cowper's glands communicate with the deeper portions of the urethra by means of canals or ducts, lined with mucous membrane which is continuous with the urethral mucous membrane. Hence we can readily see that not only by reflex nervous irritation are those parts debilitated, through the contraction of the urethra, but the affection is apt to extend by continuity of the mucous membrane, and thus become more and more manifest, through symptoms of disease of the testicles, prostate gland and seminal vesicles, and these disorders become more and more seated the longer the morbid condition of the urethra is allowed to run on, until there may be an entire loss of the sexual functions, occurring at an age when there should be present the most vigorous manhood. From no other cause can we explain the common prevalence of disease of the deeper portions of the urethral canal and bladder, many times confounded with other diseases of the urinary and generative organs. Case 112,289. Mr. O.C.E., single, 32 years of age.
Chronic inflammation of the bladder, sometimes called catarrh of the bladder, an affection that is elsewhere herein fully treated of, and chronic inflammation of the kidneys, and true Bright's disease, as well as prostatic disease, are all liable to result from strictures of the urethra. Hence, it behooves one suffering from this malady to have it promptly and skillfully treated. False Passages. In very rare cases of impassable stricture, or in which fistulous openings, or false passages, have formed, through which the urine flows or dribbles away, we have resorted to the operation of perineal section with the most gratifying results. The cases requiring this operation are rare ones, in which death must generally result but for the relief afforded by the operation. Dangerous Use of Instruments. The worst and most dangerous cases of stricture with which we have met, in a long and extensive experience, were rendered thus by the careless or unskillful use of bougies, catheters, or sounds. Many surgeons and physicians are most recklessly careless or unskilled in the use of these most dangerous instruments, as the many cases of false passage or stricture of the most painful Delay Dangerous. By proper treatment of stricture in its early stages, all danger and pain are avoided, and a cure is effected in a very short time. In an extensive practice, in which we yearly treat hundreds of cases, we have never yet failed to give perfect and permanent relief from stricture, or diseased prostate or urethra, without the necessity of cutting instruments of any kind, when we have been consulted before injury of the urethra has been produced by improper use of instruments. Having specialists who devote their entire time to the study and cure of these diseases, we are thereby enabled to attain the highest degree of skill in the management of these cases. Great Skill Required. The urethra is a sensitive and delicate canal, and is surrounded by tissues the most delicate, and lined with mucous membrane which is highly vascular and filled with sensitive nerves. The introduction of any instrument is to be undertaken only when absolutely required, and, when necessary, it should be so skillfully and carefully effected that no pain or irritation can result. The slightest awkwardness is liable to cause an unnoticeable injury, which results in false passage or an effusion of plastic lymph around the canal, and as it organizes, the formation of the most troublesome organic stricture. The attention not only of sufferers, but also of the profession, is called to the remarkable success of our operation, perineal section, by which a cure of extremely bad cases of impassable stricture and false passages, or urinary fistulas, is effected in from thirty to forty days, and with very little suffering. That we have been successful in such cases must be considered as conclusive evidence that no case of stricture, false passage, or urinary fistula, is beyond the reach of our skill. TESTIMONIALS.In a practice embracing the treatment of a vast number of cases of diseases of the Urinary Organs, it has been our good fortune to effect many remarkable cures. The experience gained in this field of practice has made our specialists skilled experts, and hence hundreds consult them as a last resort. In fact we seldom get a case, in this line, that has not been the rounds of the home physicians before applying to us for relief and cure. The cures, therefore, which we shall introduce here are the more remarkable because of the failure, in nearly every case, of other medical men to benefit or cure. They are not the every-day, ordinary cases met with in the general practitioner's rounds, but complicated, obstinate ones, which had generally been given up as hopeless before coming to us. Case 4A-3431. "WASTED TO A SHADOW." BLEEDING FROM KIDNEYS. A SEVERE CASE. WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
Gentlemen—I think it my duty to write to you concerning my case. In the year 1886 I was seized with inflammation of the bladder and passed nothing but thick blood, owing to heavy work, and I consulted a doctor and he said there was no cure for such a bad case; but he gave me medicine and it relieved me at the time I used it; and I took 16 bottles and I got worse and wasted to a shadow. I quit taking the medicine, and other complaints came, as rupture in the spermatic cord, for which I applied to you and soon got relief. And in 1891 the bladder disease made its appearance, and I wrote to the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute and got no reply as our mails were stopped on account of snow drifts. I sent for the best doctor in Listowell and I still got worse, and he said I might live three or four weeks, but there was no stoppage of the disease. And I got so weak that I had to support myself by the furniture in my room; and I wasted down to 100 lbs. in two weeks; and I applied to your Institute and I received my medicine in a few days, and in two weeks I began to gather strength and now I am hearty and well and my weight is 145 lbs. I feel so thankful to the Medical Association and its Staff of skilled men. It is 15 months since I quit taking your medicines and no signs of the disease returning.
Case 23A-877. INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER, WITH OTHER COMPLICATIONS. SUFFERED EXCRUCIATING PAIN IN URINATING.
For many years I suffered with inflammation of the Prostrate Gland and Bladder. It became gradually worse and I endured extreme pain, so much so that I was laid up for weeks at a time, and almost gave up in despair. I was persuaded to go to the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute. I have never regretted following this advice. While there I submitted to an operation by their specialist. This was entirely painless and the result perfectly satisfactory. I left in a short time delighted, and have since been strong and well. I cannot speak in too high praise of this famous Institution; the rooms are large and pleasant, the food the very best, the attendants kind and attentive and the staff of physicians skillful and of large experience. I highly recommend all invalids to the World's Dispensary Medical Association. I feel confident that all the benefit to be derived from medical treatment is to be received at this Institution.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
Gentlemen—Having been a patient in your Invalids' Hotel for several weeks, I take great pleasure in telling other sufferers of my treatment which I received under your efficient staff of physicians, surgeons and nurses, and I will say with clear conscience that every care and comfort was given me that could be wished for. I am sure that your Institution is far in advance of the age, and would wish that every invalid could avail himself of the treatment that I received in your most excellently kept Invalids' Hotel. I cheerfully give this as my testimonial to individuals, friends and sufferers. My health is so fully restored that I look upon life with pleasure and comfort, whereas before I was a suffering, nervous invalid, unable to sleep and much of the time in torment. Wishing you success,
Case 859,143. BLADDER, RECTAL, KIDNEY AND LIVER DISEASE. "ENTIRE URINARY ORGANS ONE MASS OF SORES." "DESPAIRED OF CURE."
My disease was caused by the roughness and exposure incidental to the life of a miner, working in the gold mines of California and Montana. I had much of the time to work in water, with my clothes wet, which finally brought on a severe pain In my kidney, which ere long completely prostrated me. I employed and was treated by six different physicians, the best I could obtain in my section of country, and who while seeming to understand the nature of my disease, yet gave me no remedy that afforded me any real relief. I grew worse under the treatment of them all. The pain in the kidney left me, but immediately located in the bladder. My bladder became very painful and commenced to ulcerate and fill up. It seemed from the excruciating agony I suffered, that there must have been an abscess in either the kidney or bladder, and from the large amount of pus discharged at one time, it appeared to me that my kidneys, bladder and the entire urinary organs were one mass of sores and pus mixed with blood. I had to use injections of laudanum daily in the lower bowels to ease the pain and live. Was reduced by long suffering, looking for each day to be my last. I felt that no human power on earth could help me. No language can describe, and God only knows, the agony I suffered. From what I have already written, you may form some faint conception of my physical condition at the end of six years' treatment by the best medical aid I could get in the section where I was living. I also used for some time (with no benefit), "Warner's Safe Cure," and in fact, tried every means that I could hear of, but to no permanent relief. Such was my condition when I was led finally to consult and be treated by your Association, though I had but faint hope of obtaining any relief from any one. With the very best description I could give in writing of my case, and all the information you got from me, you would not undertake the case until you were further informed, and for which caution I sincerely thank you. You wrote me—"we are at a loss to definitely determine your condition. We have an opinion based upon the facts before us, but we feel that we must have a personal examination." In the condition I was then in, I could not have been kept alive to reach the first railroad station, which was only six miles from my house, and much less to travel to Buffalo. Indeed I wrote you, that if you would cure me for nothing, I was unable to go to you. In reply, you then advised me to take your "Special Remedies" until I could improve sufficiently to go to Buffalo for examination. Now this frank answer of yours, removed every doubt from my mind, and convinced me that you were honorable physicians. On March 10th, 1883, I began taking your "Special Remedies," as you prescribed them, and at the end of three years' constant treatment, I was improved sufficiently to go to Buffalo to your Institute,
DOUBLE VARICOCELE AND STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 663 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y.: Gentlemen—I have taken treatment from you for several months for nervous debility, and although I am not quite fully cured as yet, I have been greatly benefited, and believe, if I had come to you before I was duped and swindled by different quacks and was more dead than alive, I would to-day be a thoroughly well man. I have also been to your Institute twice for surgical operations, and cannot too highly praise the Hotel, or the skill and care of the attending surgeons and nurses. They are gentlemen in every way and the Invalids' Hotel is just as represented. I shall advise all suffering from chronic diseases to go to you for relief, as I have never seen any one there who was not cured or greatly benefited.
Case 23A-890. DISEASE OF THE URINARY ORGANS. WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
Gentlemen—I feel it my duty to give my testimonial in behalf of your grand Institution. I had an operation performed at your place two years ago for the relief of a very painful disease of urinary passage, and, thanks to your skill, I was cured, and have enjoyed the best of health since. I earnestly recommend your Institution to all who are suffering, and still further let me thank you for the kindness I received at the hands of everybody connected with the Institution. I am,
Case 2A-208. RETENTION OF URINE. SUFFERED INTENSE PAIN.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.: Dear Sirs—To your favor of the 20th ult., would say that I can only speak in the highest terms of your Institution. After suffering for ten or twelve years with retention of the urine, and bladder difficulties, I can say that I found immediate relief at your hands. When going to your place, about six years ago, I was suffering with intense pain, loss of appetite, and unable to eat a good meal. I now weigh 170 lbs., do a good day's work and feel well in every respect. I am only too glad that I am able to praise your Institution, and can highly recommend it to any one who is suffering as I was. With great respect, I remain.
Several years ago I had occasion to become an inmate of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, No. 683 Main Street, Buffalo, N.Y. I was afflicted with an enlarged prostate and chronic Inflammation, or catarrhal condition of the bladder. I was largely benefited by the treatment I received there, and had I remained a little longer, as I was advised to do by the doctor who attended me, I should have fully recovered. I was so nearly cured that I did not think it necessary to remain longer, as I supposed nature would do for me what remained to be done, to effect a perfect cure. My business was urgent. I could not well remain longer. In this I made a mistake, I should have remained longer. I was seventy-two years old at the time. I bear willing testimony to the ability of the medical staff and the interest the doctors take in the welfare of their patients. The nurses and all the subordinates were very kind and seemed to vie with each other to contribute to the pleasure and happiness of the inmates of the Institute. One will find the Institute equipped with all the improvements known to modern science, for the promotion and restoration of health. It is impossible to do justice to its merits in a short article of this kind. Persons must go there and see and judge for themselves, of the wonders of this extraordinary medical establishment. If they cannot recover their health there, in my Judgment, it is of no use to go elsewhere.
Case 820,804. OBSTINATE AND COMPLICATED DISEASE.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION: Gentlemen—Yours of July 12th to hand. I am only too glad to comply with your request. Having suffered for many years with a complication of diseases and feeling conscious that they were rapidly making serious inroads upon my constitution, and that I was speedily becoming unable and incapacitated to attend to my ordinary business. I resolved, after reading a number of testimonials from your patients, to place myself under your treatment at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute. With heart-felt gratitude I can truthfully say I am relieved of my trouble. I most cheerfully and earnestly recommend this Institution to all who are afflicted with chronic and painful diseases, no matter of what nature. During my stay there I saw some wonderful cures and surgical operations.
Case 520,425. COMPLICATION OF DISEASES.
Without solicitude or hope of pecuniary reward, with heart-felt gratitude and a desire to aid my fellow-man to health and happiness, allow me to state, that as an inmate for more than a month of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute at No. 663 Main Street, Buffalo, N.Y., I feel warranted in its highest recommendation. While there I saw and talked with a great number of people who came there as a last resort, to be cured of almost every chronic disease to which flesh is heir, and they were unanimous in their praise of the Institution and the skilled specialists who constitute its professional staff.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
Gentlemen—Having spent a short period of time at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, No. 663 Main Street, Buffalo, N.Y., I must say I found it fully equal in every respect to the claims made for it by the proprietors. It was filled with invalids who were under the care of a corps of physicians and surgeons and the fact that all the sick people appeared to be improving, and that they were both cheerful and hopeful, and that they all spoke well of the Institution and of its doctors, was calculated to inspire confidence in one who went there himself to be treated. The greater number of these cases, as far as I was able to learn, were chronic and of a complicated character. They represented a wide range of the States and Territories of the Union, and had in each exhausted the resources of the home physicians. Having myself been treated by your Faculty for a complication of troubles induced by exposure and malaria, I feel that I owe my restoration to health to your skill and devotion, at a time when I was unable to perform labor and was much discouraged, and had failed to obtain relief elsewhere. You are at liberty to make any use you may desire of this communication.
Case 620,230. DIABETES AND INFLAMMATION OF BLADDER, GIVEN UP BY HIS HOME DOCTORS AS SURE TO DIE IN A FEW WEEKS. RESTORED TO ACTIVE WORK ON HIS FARM. WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
Gentlemen—I received your kind letter the 12th, and was glad to hear from you and have no objection to your making use of my name in any way to help the sick and suffering, for I know what it is to be sick. I was sick for seven years; could not do anything; was visited by seven doctors and was treated by four, and was given up to die by one of the best doctors of Russellville. He said I could not live longer than fall. He treated me for Sugar Diabetes, while the rest said I had inflammation of the bladder. After giving up all hopes of being cured at home, a friend got me to write to Dr. Pierce's Institution and after corresponding: awhile I decided to go and be treated. I was there one month and I never was cared for or treated more kindly by any one. No parents could have been better to their sick children. I cannot speak too highly of the Institution, and I believe I would have been in my grave to-day if I had not gone and been treated. I feel great pleasure in expressing to you my sincere thanks for the cure that has been effected in my case, by your very skillful treatment, whereby I am now entirely and I trust permanently cured from a dangerous disease, which had defied the utmost skill of all former medical attendants for the past five years, and from which I had despaired of being: relieved. I am happy to state that my health is so good since taking the month's course of treatment at your Institute, and, the home treatment since my return, that I am now able to carry on the work of my farm. I would cheerfully recommend all persons requiring medical or surgical aid to consult you at the earliest possible opportunity, as I know by personal experience that the facilities cannot be surpassed for treatment of all classes of chronic diseases.
P.S.—I have always recommended my neighbors to your Institution and was the cause of F.M. Brasher taking treatment, who was cured after two doctors gave him up. J.D.P. WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
Gentlemen—Having been in your Institution as a sufferer from two distinct chronic diseases of years' standing, and having been placed under the charge of your specialists, I was speedily relieved of my afflictions. The Invalids' Hotel is a place as much like home as it is possible for such an institution to be. The physicians and surgeons are all expert specialists and thoroughly efficient; the nurses are very competent, attentive and kind; and, in fact, the whole personnel of the Invalids' Hotel endeavor to do their best to make the patients feel like being at home. I always felt while there as if I was one of the family. I gladly recommend your Institution to all persons who are afflicted with any kind of chronic disease, for from my own experience I know the professional staff will do all which they promise to do. Please accept my thanks for the speedy benefits and perfect cure of my diseases, and I think your Institution is worthy of the highest endorsement.
"A question of life or death!" Case 2A-107. STONE IN BLADDER. CASE SIMILAR TO THAT OF COL. ELLIOTT F. SHEPARD, WHO DIED IN NEW YORK WHILE UNDERGOING AN OPERATION.
Gentlemen—I am seventy-seven years of age and have resided in Erie for sixty-two years, and for thirty-six years have been an elder in the First Presbyterian Church. During four or five years I suffered from a painful affection of the bladder; the severity permitted neither freedom from pain by day nor calm repose by night. Meanwhile, I consulted leading physicians and visited numerous health resorts. Neither time, means nor effort were spared that I might be free from pain. Relief came unexpectedly. A signal act of Providence, that should be acknowledged daily, brought your Institution to my notice, though I had then no acquaintance with any one connected with it. With me it was a question of life or death. Up to last March I was in a condition of unendurable torture. I knew that at my age, after the months of pain already borne, that any operation would be serious, perhaps fatal. Accordingly, I arranged my temporal affairs and carefully "set my house in order." On the 13th of March last, I started for Buffalo to your Institution. Still uninformed as to the cause of my trouble, I submitted to a searching examination, as to my habits, constitution, parentage, the age and cause of death of my parents, and other facts, from which a tolerable biography could have been prepared. All was kindly intended. Their aim was to locate my ailment and then to determine my ability to undergo an operation. Having found a stone in the bladder, they advised that it be crushed and extracted. By a strange coincidence as this was announced, I learned of Col. Elliott F. Shepard's death under an operation for the same disease. He was many years my junior, and seemingly far better able to undergo the operation. Still, in my desperation, I determined to go on. During five days, I was under treatment for the coming operation. On the 18th of March the stone was crushed and extracted. It was a complete success. Of the consideration, tenderness and skill of the surgeon and his assistants, I cannot too strongly speak. Of the gentle and assiduous nurses, the system and completeness of the whole establishment, as it moved along as one harmonious whole, in all its departments, I cannot sufficiently express my admiration. I am now relieved of a state of torture, and restored to health and happiness equal to any period of my life. This I say with sincerity and emphasis. Since then I have gained twenty-two pounds in flesh. I wish my words could reach the ear of every one similarly affected, throughout our land, to banish all doubts and take advantage of the science, skill and pleasant surroundings so happily blended in your Institution, for the removal of pain and the mitigation of distress.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION:
Gentlemen—I am glad to make public the wonderful cure that you accomplished in my case. For ten years I was a sick man, and during three years I suffered so much that life was a burden. My business had to be given up and the torments were something that could not be described. Every little while I had to urinate, and each time suffered a spasm of pain, like a knife thrust; the use of a catheter was painful and often it took long and painful trials before the water could be drawn off. I passed blood, in quantities at times. When I went to your place we had given up hope of a cure, and relief was all that I looked for. My doctors at home discouraged me. I spent four weeks in your Invalids' Hotel, and now at the age of sixty-seven years am sound and hearty as any one, work from five in the morning until seven at night. I manage a large and active business and enjoy life. I cannot express my high praise of your Institution. Your doctors are skillful and the nurses all kind and good. All understand their business and attend to it. I came home a new man and cannot say enough for your praise, and to express my thanks for the wonderful cure and comfort I have enjoyed.
P.S.—You removed a stone that weighed over 1200 grains from my bladder, without cutting. The operation gave me complete relief. While there and since, I have seen a great many skillful cures done by you.
Case 620,610. STONE IN BLADDER—WEIGHT 530 GRAINS—SUCCESSFULLY REMOVED WITHOUT CUTTING. NEIGHBORS TOLD HIM HE WOULD BE "BROUGHT HOME IN A BOX." WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION:
Gentlemen—Seeing the picture of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute in our local newspapers, called to my mind the treatment I received there in 1887. I had been suffering for ten or twelve years with bladder trouble, and our home physicians did not seem to understand the cause or the trouble, and I finally corresponded with your faculty, and their advice was to come and have an examination. I had been a great sufferer and was so weak that I could hardly walk from the hotel to the depot, and those who saw me start said that I would be brought home in a box. Soon after my arrival an examination revealed a stone in my bladder. After a few days' treatment to strengthen up the system, the stone was taken out, weighing 530 grains. Four or five others were afterwards taken out of smaller size, and I am still alive. Will soon be seventy-six years old, and I cannot speak too highly of the care and attention I received from the physicians and nurses while there. Everything that was provided was of the best; good food, glean apartments; and no better place can be found for treatment of the many diseases they advertise to cure. Anyone suffering from bladder or kindred trouble can find relief at the Invalids' Hotel, Buffalo, N.Y.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.: I would not be a true man If I did not acknowledge at this time (as I should have done long ago), with words of gratitude, the wonderful relief I received at your Institution five years ago. It affords me the greatest pleasure to say to you and to the world at large, that the treatment and operation I received at your Institution was an entire success and a miraculous cure. After twenty-five long years of suffering such as few people endure, caused from exposure while in the military service of the United States, I contracted kidney and bladder disease, which shortly afterwards resulted in the formation of a calculus or stone. I experimented with medicines. Special Prescriptions, etc., from some of the most eminent physicians in the world, in fact everything that promised relief and help for my kidneys was used, but received no relief, until the bladder discomfort became unendurable. As a last resort, knowing full well that life with me would be very short unless I could receive immediate relief, I went to your famous Institute, where I was treated and operated upon and a large stone was removed from the bladder. The old method of cutting, which is so dangerous, was not employed, but the new and painless process of crushing; this process was an agreeable surprise to me, no pain and no risk, as in the old method of cutting. From the day of the operation I began to improve, and in a few weeks thereafter I returned home to my wife, family and friends, a well and happy man, and I have spent the last five years with ease, comfort and pleasure—a living, walking testimonial for your renowned Institute. Believe me, when I say that words fail me to express to you my sincere gratitude for your marvelous and almost miraculous cure effected in my case. I feel sure no invalid could receive more skillful and kindly attention anywhere in the world. I would urge every sufferer to take treatment at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, believing it to be the most skillful, and feel sure that it is the most advanced of the age.
Case 720,402. STONE IN BLADDER ONE AND A HALF INCHES IN DIAMETER SUCCESSFULLY REMOVED WITHOUT CUTTING OR PAIN.
From severe exposure when in the army, I brought upon myself an acute attack of rheumatism, from which I suffered terrible pain. Following this I began to be troubled with my bladder and kidneys. For three years I experienced considerable discomfort. There was severe burning and scalding, and urination caused much pain. I passed two pieces of gravel and became convinced that I had stone in the bladder. Was examined by my home physician, who said there was no stone. I was not satisfied, however, and went to the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute. I was examined by their specialist. After an injection of cocaine and carefully cleansing out the bladder, a stone was found about one inch and a half in diameter, probably similar in its composition to the pieces already passed. I was advised to have it operated upon and removed, which I arranged to do. The process used was their new and painless one of crushing, no knife or other cutting instrument being employed. The stone was readily grasped by the crusher and reduced to small fragments. The evacuator was then introduced and the stone entirely removed. After a few weeks' careful attention my health was entirely restored and I was able to leave for home. I take great pleasure in making public my wonderful cure. I could not speak in too high praise of those who took charge of my case, nor recommend too highly this famous Institution. It is about three years since I was operated on, and pave not felt any bad effects since.
WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.:
In 1884, at the age of fifty-four years. I was prostrated with Kidney and Bladder complaint and told by the best physicians that I was but ten days out of the grave. I applied to your Institute for help and received treatment, and now after nearly nine years am in comparatively good health. All this time I have been able to do much work and to oversee my farm. Two stones or gravel were passed while under home treatment. No further formations have developed. The many cases I have recommended to you have all been more than satisfied with the results of their treatment. I wish to thank you for the great benefit and care I received at your hands.
Case 859,612. A STRONG ENDORSEMENT.
To whom it may concern: This is to certify that I took treatment at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, Buffalo, N.Y., and I was cured of a chronic trouble that had been maltreated by other physicians. While there I saw a man who had been cured by the specialists, who had before been given up to die by the best doctors in Troy, N.Y. Of course, the case must have been a very stubborn one. I afterwards saw a man here, in Georgia, die, who, if he had been in Pierce's Surgical Institute under the treatment and care of his skilled doctors and nurses, I know would have most assuredly got well. Why? Because it was only a case of stone in the bladder, and they are easily cured at Dr. Pierce's Surgical Institute. I think almost any chronic disease can be cured there, if taken in time, judging from my observations while an inmate of that Institution.
Case 820,260. COMPLICATION OF DISEASES. WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION:
Gentlemen—It is now about six months since I discontinued your treatment, and as I have had no return of the old symptoms, I consider it unnecessary to take more medicine. When I visited your Institution some two years ago, I had but faint hopes of ever being restored to health, as I was suffering from a complication of diseases. My case was an unusually obstinate one, yet I am satisfied that a cure could have been accomplished in half the time, had I been able to follow your directions in regard to diet more closely. I hereby tender you my sincerest thanks for the kind treatment received while at your Institution. Those days will always be the happiest in my memory. I will close by giving your faculty my sincere thanks, and hope success will crown your business.
A well-developed physical organization is essential to perfect health. Among the Greeks, beauty ranked next to virtue, and an eminent author has said that "the nearer we approach Divinity, the more we reflect His eternal beauty." The perfect expression of thought requires the physical accompaniments of language, gesture, etc. The human form is pliable, and, with proper culture, can be made replete with expression, grace and beauty. The cultivation of the intellectual powers has been allowed to supplant physical training to a great extent. The results are abnormally developed brains, delicate forms, sensitive nerves and shortened lives. That the physical and mental systems should be collaterally developed, is a fact generally overlooked by educators. The fullness of a great intellect is generally impaired when united with a weak and frail body. We have sought perfection in animals and plants. To the former we have given all the degree of strength and grace requisite to their peculiar duties; to the latter we have imparted all the delicate tints and shadings that fancy could picture. We have studied the laws of their existence, until we are familiar with every phase of their production; yet it remains for man to learn those laws of his own being, by a knowledge of which he may promote and preserve the beauty of the human form, and thus render it, indeed, an image of its Physical exercise should never be too violent or too prolonged. Severe physical labor, and athletic sports, if indulged in to an extreme degree, produce undue excitability of the heart, and sometimes cause it to become enlarged. There is a form of heart disease induced by undue exertion which may be called a wearing out or wasting away of that organ. It is common in those persons whose occupations expose them to excessive physical labor for too many hours together. This feebleness of heart is felt but little by vigorous persons under forty years of age, but in those who have passed this age it becomes manifest. However, when any person so affected is attacked by any acute disease, the heart is more liable to fail, and thus cause a fatal termination. Aneurism of the aorta or the large arteries branching off from it, which is a dilatation of the walls of these vessels, caused by the rupture of one or two of their coats, is generally induced by excessive physical strain, such as lifting heavy weights, or carrying weights up long flights of stairs, violent horseback exercise, or hurrying to catch a train or street car.
An Erect Carriage is not only essential to health, but adds grace and beauty to every movement. Although man was made to stand erect, thus indicating his superiority over all other animals, yet custom has done much to curve that magnificent central column, upon the summit of which rests the "grand dome of thought." Many young persons unconsciously acquire the habit of throwing the shoulders forward. The spinal column is weakened by this unnatural posture, its vertebrÆ become so sensitive and distorted that they cannot easily support the weight of the body or sustain its equilibrium. It is generally believed that persons of sedentary habits are
Base Ball, Cricket, Boxing, and Fencing, are all manly exercises when practiced solely with a view to their hygienic advantages and as such have our approval.
The Art of Swimming was regarded by the Greeks as an important accomplishment. As a hygienic agency, it occupies a high place in physical culture. The varied movements impart strength and elasticity to the muscles. It is as charming a recreation for women and girls as for men and boys. Furthermore, it is not only a means of physical culture, but is often essential for self-preservation.
The Exercises of the Gymnasium are especially productive of health and longevity. The most important of these are balancing, leaping, climbing, wrestling, and throwing, all of which are especially adapted to the development of the muscles. In conclusion, we offer the following suggestions, viz: all gymnastic exercises should be practiced in the morning, and in the open air; extremes should be avoided; and it should be always borne in mind, that their chief object is to combine, in a proper proportion, mental and physical development. In every relation of life we should cultivate all those faculties which pertain to our physical, moral, and mental natures, subdue our passions, and nature will bestow upon us her richest rewards of health, beauty, and happiness. CYCLING.If one were asked what athletic exercise deserves to be the most popular in America to-day, the answer would of necessity be cycling. The bicycle is being used by people of all ages and conditions of health in daily life; its hygienic value as a means to healthy exercise cannot be overestimated. In this, as in everything else, immoderation is to be condemned, particularly where persons have not had sufficient training to take long "spins," or attempt racing. Beginners should ride only 10 or 12 minutes at a time—resting then to permit the circulation to become equalized. In all cyclists, at all ages, in veteran riders as well as those not practiced in the art, there is, in the beginning of each attempt, a quickened circulation; the pulse is full and bounding, and rarely falls under a hundred pulsations per minute. So long as the exercise is continued, an increase of cardiac motion is observable, and a vigorous circulation is kept up. This accounts for the astounding journeys a fully trained cyclist can accomplish, and also for his endurance without sleep. In spite of the quickened motion of the heart, rarely have riders been known to grow giddy or show symptoms of cardiac embarrassment. A good rider may climb a hill without trouble, yet be unable to climb a flight of stairs without breathlessness and palpitation. Bicycle riding as a means for acquiring strength and vigor, improving the circulation and developing the respiratory organs, is unexcelled. Fast riding, or "scorching," among those not used to physical exertion, and leaning over the handle-bars so as to ride in a stooping position, are to be heartily condemned. The latter prevents the lungs from getting their full expansion, and cultivates a tendency to round shoulders. Men or women suffering from diseases of the sexual organs should, before riding, consult the physician having their case in charge.
Dancing. Notwithstanding the fact that dancing has been perverted to the basest purposes, has been made the fruitful source of dissipation, and has often laid the foundation for disease, it is yet capable of being made to minister to health and happiness. As a means of physical culture, it favors the development of the muscular system, and promotes health and cheerfulness. When practiced for this purpose, Jacques terms it "the best of all indoor exercises," as it brings to bear upon the physical system a great number of energizing and harmonious influences. MENTAL CULTURE.The brain, like all other organs of the body, requires alternate exercise and repose; and, in physical endurance, it is subject to general physiological laws. When exercised with moderation it acquires strength, vigor, and an accelerated activity. Excessive mental exertion is liable to result in softening of the brain, and various nervous diseases, sometimes culminating in insanity, and in many instances proving fatal to life. The mere votaries of pleasure who avoid all effort of the mind, fall into the opposite error. In all cases of intellectual activity, the exertions should be directed to some subject interesting to the student. In this manner duty will become a pleasure, which in turn will re-invigorate the mental functions. When the mind in confined to one subject for any considerable length of time together, it becomes fatigued, and requires relaxation, recreation, rest. This may be obtained by directing the attention to some other subject, either study or amusement, the latter of which is preferable. The amusement, however, Prominent among physical phenomena is the mutual relation between the brain and the organs of nutrition. Mental exertion should be avoided for at least one hour after a hearty meal, and all mental labor which requires concentration of thought ought to be accomplished in the earlier portion of the day, when the brain is refreshed and repaired by the night's repose. Mental, like physical endurance, is modified by age, health and development. A person accustomed to concentration of thought, can endure a longer mental strain than one inured to manual labor only. One of the most injurious customs, is the cultivation of the intellect at the expense of the physical powers. Mental Culture During Childhood. One of the greatest mistakes which people make in the management of their children, is to overtask their mental faculties. Although it is exceedingly gratifying to see children acquire knowledge, and manifest an understanding far beyond their years, this gratification is often purchased too dearly, for precocious children are apt to die young. The tissue of the brain and nerves of children is very delicate; they have not yet acquired the powers of endurance which older persons possess. The greater portion of the nutriment assimilated, is required for growth and organic development, and they can ill afford its expenditure for mental manifestations. They receive impressions easier and learn much more readily than in after life, but it is at the expense of the physical organization. Their mental faculties continue to be developed by the expenditure of brain nutriment, while physical growth and the powers of endurance are arrested. It is much better to give physical development the precedence in order that the mental organism may be well supported and its operations carried into effect; for it must be apparent to all that an ordinary intellect in a healthy body, is capable of accomplishing infinitely more than a strong mind in a weak body. Regularity should be observed in exercising the mental functions. For this reason a fixed order in the pursuit of any literary occupation is very essential. The pursuit of the most abstruse studies will thus become habitual and comparatively SLEEP.For all animated beings sleep is an imperious necessity, as indispensable as food. The welfare of man requires alternate periods of activity and repose. It is a well-established physiological fact, that during the wakeful hours the vital energies are being expended, the powers of life diminished, and, if wakefulness is continued beyond a certain limit, the system becomes enfeebled and death is the result. During sleep there is a temporary cessation of vital expenditures, and a recuperation of all the forces. Under the influence of sleep "the blood is refreshed, the brain recruited, physical sufferings are extinguished, mental troubles are removed, the organism is relieved, and hope returns to the heart." The severest punishment which can be inflicted upon a person, is to entirely deprive him of sleep. In China, a few years since, three criminals were sentenced to be kept awake until they should die. To do this it was necessary to keep a guard over them. The sentinels were armed with sharp, pointed instruments, with which to goad the victims and thus prevent them from sleeping. Life soon became a burden, and, although they were well fed during the time, death occurred sooner than it would have done had starvation been the punishment. Sleeping Rooms. The sleeping room should be large and well ventilated, and the air kept moderately cool. The necessity for a fire may be determined by the health of the The Bed should not be too soft, but rather hard. Feathers give off animal emanations of an injurious character, and impart a feeling of lassitude and debility to those sleeping on them. No more coverings should be used than are actually necessary for the comfort of the individual. Cotton sheets are warmer than linen, and answer equally as well. Sleeping Alone. Certain effluvia are thrown off from our persons, and when two individuals sleep together each inhales from the other more or less of these emanations. There is little doubt that consumption, and many other diseases, not usually considered contagious, are sometimes communicated in this manner. When it is not practicable for individuals to occupy separate beds, the persons sleeping together should be of about the same age, and in good health. Numerous cases have occurred in which healthy, robust children have gradually declined and died within a few months, from the evil effects of sleeping with old people. Again, those in feeble health have been greatly benefited, and even restored, by sleeping with others who were young and healthy. Time for Sleep. Night is the proper time for sleep. When day is substituted for night, the sleep obtained does not fully restore the exhausted energies of the system. Nature does not allow her laws to be broken with impunity. Children require more sleep than old persons. They are sometimes stupefied with "soothing syrups," and preparations of opium, in order to get them temporarily out of the way. Such narcotics are very injurious and dangerous. We have known a young child to be killed by a single drop of laudanum. This practice, therefore, cannot be too emphatically condemned. How to Put Children to Bed. The following characteristic lines are from the pen of Fanny Fern, and contain such good advice that we cannot refrain from quoting them: Position in Sleep. The proper position in sleep is upon the right side. The orifice leading from the stomach to the bowels being on this side, this position favors the passage of the contents into the duodenum. Lying on the back is injurious, since by so doing the spine becomes heated, especially if the person sleeps on feathers, the circulation is obstructed and local congestions are encouraged. The face should never be covered during sleep, since it necessitates the breathing of the same air over again, together with the emanations from the body. The Amount of Sleep. The amount of sleep required varies with the age, habits, condition, and peculiarities of the individual. No definite rule can be given for the guidance of all. The average amount required, however, is eight or nine hours out of the twenty-four. Some persons need more than this, while others can do with less. Since both body and mind are recuperated by sleep, the more they are exhausted the more sleep is required. A person employed at mental labor should have more than one who is merely expending muscular strength. Six hours of unbroken sleep do more to refresh and revive than ten when frequently interrupted. If it is too prolonged it weakens and stupefies both body and mind. If an insufficient amount is taken the flagging energies are not CLEANLINESS."Cleanliness is next to godliness," and is essential to the health and vigor of the system. Its importance cannot be overestimated, and it should be inculcated early on the minds of the young. "Even from the body's purity, the mind receives a secret sympathetic aid." When we consider the functions of the skin, with its myriads of minute glands, innumerable little tubes, employed in removing the worn-out, useless matter from the system, we cannot fail to appreciate the utility of frequent bathing with soap and water. Unless these excretions are removed, the glands become obstructed, their functions are arrested, and unpleasant odors arise. Many persons think because they daily bathe the face, neck, and hands, dress the hair becomingly and remove the dirt from their clothing that the height of cleanliness has been reached. From a hygienic point of view, bathing the entire body is of much greater importance. Notwithstanding the necessity for cleanliness of the body, we occasionally meet with persons who, although particular about their personal appearance, permit their bodies to be for weeks and even months without a bath. Such neglect should never exceed one week. Plenty of sunlight and at least one or two general baths every week are essential to perfect health. Cleanliness is necessary to health, beauty, attractiveness, and a cheerful disposition. |
|
