GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING MUSHROOMS. |
  - Abortive, imperfectly developed.
- Acaulescent, acaulous, having a very short stem or none.
- Acetabuliform, cup-shaped.
- Acicular, needle-shaped.
- Aculeate, slender pointed.
- Acuminate, terminating in a point.
- Acute, sharp pointed.
- Adnate, gills firmly attached to the stem.
- Adnexed, gills just reaching the stem.
- Adpressed, pressed in close contact, as applied to gills.
- Æruginous, verdigris-green.
- Agglutinated, glued to the surface.
- Aggregated, collected together.
- Alveolate, socketed or honeycombed.
- Amphigenous, when the hymenium is not restricted to a particular surface.
- Analogy, superficial or general resemblance without structural agreement.
- Anastomosing, branching, joining of one vein with another.
- Annular, ring-shaped.
- Annulate, having a ring.
- Annulus, ring round the stem of agarics.
- Apex, in mushrooms the extremity of the stem nearest the gill.
- Apical, close to the apex.
- Apiculate, terminating in a small point.
- Appendiculate, hanging in small fragments.
- Approximate, of gills which approach the stem but do not reach it.
- Arachnoid, cobweb-like.
- Arboreal, arboricle, tree-inhabiting.
- Arcuate, bow-shaped.
- Areolate, divided into little areas or patches.
- Argillaceous, clayey, like clay.
- Ascending, directed upward.
- Asci, ascidia, spore-cases of certain mushrooms.
- Attenuated, tapering gradually to a point upward or downward.
- Band, a broad bar of color.
- Banded, marked with bands.
- Barbed, furnished with fibrils or hairs.
- Basidia, cellular processes of certain mushroom-bearing spores.
- Bibliography, condensed history of the literature of a subject.
- Bifurcated, divided into two, as in the gills of certain agarics.
- Booted, applied to the stem of a mushroom when inclosed in a sheath or volva.
- Boss, a knob or short rounded protuberance.
- Bossed, bullate, furnished with a boss or knob.
- Branched, dividing from the sides; also styled furcate and forked.
- Brick, trade term for a mass of mushroom spawn, in dimensions the size of a brick of masonry.
- Broad, wide or deep vertically.
- Bulbous, having the structure of a bulb.
- CÆspitose, growing in tufts.
- Calcareous, chalky, chalk-like.
- Calyptra, applied to the portion of volva covering the pileus.
- Campanulate, bell-shaped.
- Canaliculate, channelled.
- Cancellate, latticed, marked both longitudinally and transversely.
- Cap, the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of the common mushroom.
- Capillitium, spore-bearing threads, variable in thickness and color, sometimes continuous with the sterile base, sometimes free, dense, and persistent, or lax and evanescent, often branched; found in the Lycoperdons.
- Carious, decayed.
- Carneous, fleshy.
- Cartilaginous, hard and tough.
- Castaneous, chestnut color.
- Ceraceous, wax-like.
- Channelled, hollowed out like a gutter.
- Chlorosis, loss of color.
- Cilia, marginal hair-like processes.
- Ciliate, fringed with hair-like processes.
- Cinerous, ash-colored.
- Circinate, rounded.
- Clathrate, latticed.
- Clavate, club-shaped, gradually thickened upward.
- Close, packed closely side by side; also styled crowded.
- Columella, a sterile tissue rising column-like in the midst of the capillitium, serving as a point of insertion for the threads which connect it with the peridium in the form of a net-work.
- Concentric, having a common center, as a series of rings one within another.
- Connate, united by growing, as when two or more caps become united.
- Concolored, of a uniform color.
- Confervoid, from the finely branched threads.
- Continuous, without a break, of a surface which is not cracked, or of one part which runs into another without interruption.
- Cordate, heart-shaped.
- Coriaceous, of a leathery texture.
- Corrugated, drawn into wrinkles or folds.
- Corticated, furnished with a bark-like covering.
- Cortina, a partial veil formed not of continuous tissue but of slender threads, which in certain mushrooms when young unite the stem with the margin of the cap. This membrane remains later as a filamentous ring on the stem, or threads hanging to the margin of cap. Applied to the peculiar veil of the Cortinarias.
- Cratera, a cup-shaped receptacle.
- Crenate, crenulate, notched at the edge, the notches blunt or rounded, not sharp as in a serrated edge, serratures convex.
- Cribrose, pierced with holes.
- Cryptogamia, applied to the division of nonflowering plants.
- Cupreous, copper-colored.
- Cuspidate, with a sharp, spear-like point.
- Cyathiform, cup-shaped.
- Cystidia, sterile cells of the hymenium, generally larger than the basidia cells, with which they are found.
- Deciduous, temporary falling off.
- Decurrent, as when the gills of a mushroom are prolonged down the stem.
- Dehiscent, a closed organ opening of itself at maturity, or when it has attained a certain development.
- Deliquescent, relating to mushrooms which at maturity become liquid.
- Dentate, toothed, with concave serratures.
- Denticulate, finely dentate.
- Dermini, brown or rust colored spores.
- Determinate, ending definitely; having a distinctly defined outline.
- Diaphanous, transparent.
- Dichotomous, paired by twos; regularly forked.
- Dimidiate, applied to some gills of mushrooms which reach only halfway to the stem.
- Disciform, of a circular, flat form.
- Dissepiments, dividing walls.
- Distant, applied to gills which have a wide distance between them.
- Divaricate, separating at an obtuse angle.
- Echinate, furnished with stiff bristles.
- Echinulate, with minute bristles.
- Effused, spread over without regular form.
- Elongate, lengthened.
- Emarginate, applied to gills which are notched or scooped out suddenly before they reach the stem.
- Embryo, the mushroom before leaving its volva or egg stage; also any early stage of mushrooms which may have no volva.
- Entire, the edge quite devoid of serrature or notch.
- Epidermis, the external or outer layer of the plant.
- Epiphytal, growing upon another plant.
- Equal, all gills of the same, or nearly the same length from back to front.
- Eroded, the edge ragged, as if torn.
- Etiolated, whitened, bleached.
- Even, distinguished from smooth: a surface quite plane as contrasted with one which is striate, pitted, etc.
- Excentric, out of center. The stems of some mushrooms are always excentric.
- Exotic, foreign.
- Family, a systematic group in scientific classification embracing a greater or less number of genera which agree in certain characters not shared by others of the same order.
- Farinaceous, mealy.
- Farinose, covered with a white, mealy powder.
- Fascia, a band or bar.
- Fasciate, zoned with bands.
- Fasciculate, growing in small bundles.
- Fastigiate, bundled together like a sheath.
- Favose, honeycombed.
- Ferruginous, rust-colored.
- Fibrillose, clothed with small fibers.
- Fibrous, composed of fibers.
- Filiform, thread-like.
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